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1、专业好文档基于SolidWorks的滑片压缩机三维造型设计陆春晖河海大学机电工程学院 江苏 常州 213022中图分类号：TH455中文标识码：A摘要 利用SolidWorks软件以双作用滑片式压缩机的一个新型气缸型线方程为模型进行三维造型，在计算机上实现装配并验证设计方案的正确。以非全约束的特征建模技术所做三维造型和装配可以缩短零件生产周期，节省设计、开发和制造成本。关键词 三维造型 双作用滑片压缩机 转子 气缸型线0 引言传统压缩机的设计制造中采用样机试验的方法，而且常常在分析和修改时要重新进行制图、重新制作样机等工作，设计的成本高、周期长。利用solidworks三维工程软件，就能够实现
2、产品设计的模拟制造，迅速进行修改，对于各种方案进行比较和优化并且进行验证。因为SolidWorks能够分块处理复杂装配体，所以在造型设计中可以方便地设计和修改零部件1 ，实现设计意图。本文按照滑片式压缩机零件的实际结构和尺寸构建模型，再根据零件之间的装配关系将主要零件模型组装在一起，论证了滑片式压缩机设计方案的正确性和可行性。此次压缩机三维造型装配全部通过了零件间的干涉检查。1滑片压缩机的主要结构原理在回转式压缩机中，滑片安装在转子上的槽内，随转子做旋转运动，这种结构称为旋转滑(叶)片式压缩机，简称滑片 (或旋叶)式压缩机。2它主要由气缸、转子、若干个可以在转子槽内自由滑动的叶片(即滑片)组成
3、。其工作原理是：当转子旋转时，由于离心力的作用，滑片从槽中向外伸出，将气缸分成几个隔腔。随着轴的旋转，隔腔容积产生从小到大、再从大到小的周期性变化，配合进排气孔口，实现制冷剂的吸入和压缩。气缸的形状为扁圆形时，转子的几何中心与缸体的几何中心一致，形成两个月牙形空间。转子每图1 双作用滑片式压缩机 1气缸 2转子 3 滑片 旋转一周，滑片有两次吸气和排气过程，称为双Fig.1 double-action sliding-vane compressor 作用滑片式压缩机。3如图1。1 cylinder 2 rolling 3 sliding-vane 本文采用的是自下而上的设计方式，即将已经设计好
4、的零部件的三维模型进行组装。这种做法符合一般的工程习惯，应用较多。在双作用滑片压缩机中，关键的零件有转子（连轴）、滑片、气缸体、前轴承和后轴承。气缸体是双作用压缩机中最重要的零部件，其设计直接关系到压缩机每转排量以及气缸与转子、叶片(滑片)之间的运动特性和摩擦特性。通过对气缸型线方程的研究，笔者设计出一种新型的气缸型线，命名为DDY型线。它可以使得压缩机的每转排量比同样参数下的椭圆气缸增大24%。4其方程为： 式中，R、r分别为型线的长短轴半径曲线的矢径矢径的坐标极角过渡曲线的中心角。在此取为70。7090为圆弧部分。本文依据以上方程对主要零件进行了三维造型设计和装配，以检验设计方案和可装配性
5、。2三维造型装配2.1转子轴在图2中带轴的转子上的槽为滑片槽，它允许滑片在其中自由在径向滑动。滑片的端部与气缸体内壁相接触，形成密封。滑片与滑片槽之间的间隙，使得滑片既能够在槽中滑动，又不能产生较大的偏转。转子轴的生成过程是：先建立原点，然后进行拉伸，经过多次切除、拉伸后建立凸台再经过切除拉伸，得到图2所示的转子轴的造型。(a) (b)图2 双作用滑片压缩机转子和压缩机气缸体结构 (a) 转子 (b) 气缸体 Fig.2 rolling of compressor and the struture of compressor2.2压缩机气缸体气缸的内曲线就是气缸型线。型线对于加工的精度要求很高
6、。气缸与转子、前后轴承都存在装配关系。经过基体拉伸，切除拉伸，然后通过四次凸台拉伸得到整个三维模型。2.3压缩机前、后轴承滑片压缩机的轴由前后轴承支承并旋转。后轴承模型的生成过程为：建立原点基体拉伸切除拉伸，然后建立凸台，打螺纹孔，再切除拉伸，最后加工圆角。前轴承与之相类似。 (a)前轴承 (b)后轴承图3 压缩机前、后轴承Fig.3 bears of compressor (a)force bear (b)back bear图4 压缩机装配图 Fig.4 assemblyof compressor生成五个零件之后，将零件分别装配到各自的位置上，并且对运动的零部件进行动态的干涉检查和间隙检测。
7、本次装配模拟的结果是：所有设计精度及公差均能满足装配需要，不会发生干涉的问题。图5 爆炸图Fig.5 exploded figure of compressor3结论基于Solidworks的三维造型设计及装配过程可以在计算机上真实地模拟实际零件的装配，能够更加深入地了解压缩机设计的关键，验证设计方案。这一软件全面采用非全约束的特征建模技术，设计灵活，能够形成特征管理树。5设计者可以随时点取任意一个特征进行修改，还可以随意调整特征树的顺序，以改变零件的形状。此次造型设计以理论联系实际，充分反映了笔者的设计意图；同时，通过三维造型和装配的模拟，做到一次设计成功，可以节省大量的设计、开发和制造成本
8、，有利于实际生产。文中所列的双作用滑片式压缩机气缸的型线方程已经成功申报了国家专利并于今年四月发布了专利公告。Three Dimensions Model Design Based on Solidworks of the Sliding- Vane CompressorLu Chun-huiSchool of Mechanical-Electronic Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou, 213022Abstract: The three dimensions model which according to a new cylinder pr
9、ofile equation of the double-action sliding-vane compressor is based on Solidworks. The model was assembled successfully in computer. So the design is correct. The characteristic model is established under not all bounds technology. Thus, the period of procession can be shorten, the cost of design a
10、nd production will be saved. Key Word: figure of three dimensions; double-action sliding vane compressor; rolling; cylinder profile参考文献1 关鼎,肖平阳 Solidworks三维造型典型实例教程M机械工业出版社, 2006年1月第1 版2 马国远，郁永章 双工作腔滑片压缩机分析J压缩机技术, 1997年第5期3 马国远,李红旗 旋转压缩机M机械工业出版社, 2001年3月第1版4 陆春晖 双作用滑片式压缩机气缸型线的分析与比较J压缩机技术, 2005年第5期5
11、江洪,杨勇,乔兰东等 Solidworks实例解析M机械工业出版社, 2005年1月第1 版作者简介：陆春晖，女，河海大学机电工程学院讲师，从事机械原理与机械设计等课程的教学工作。Editors note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN)
12、- I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those e
13、vents were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weathe
14、r and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have t
15、he chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in th
16、e sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into
17、uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end o
18、f our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capco
19、m (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have t
20、o be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 mil
21、es/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,00
22、0 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too
23、hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 sec
24、onds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes i
25、ts not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he lo
26、ses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.