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1、 高考完型填空高分技巧目录高考完型填空高分技巧1一、单词不认识怎么办?11、文中单词不认识12、 题干上的单词不认识2二、解题核心思维:任何一个题目必有依据。2三、词性解题法3四、篇章结构解题法181、文章U型结构解题182、 分段首句出题19五、特殊句型解题法19六、答案检查大法201、答案均分规律202、答案相连概率213、 反义选项二选一21一、单词不认识怎么办?1、文中单词不认识 动词不认识: 翻译成“搞、整、弄、干”名词不认识:翻译成“东西”形容词、副词不认识:直接划掉( 这3个必须认识,否定词hardly/rarely/sedom几乎不) 2、 题干上的单词不认识 一个单词不认识,

2、三个单词认识:先从三个单词中选择,如果百分百确定不是这三个单词,就用排除法:选择那个不认识的单词。 两个单词不认识,两个单词认识:原理同上。二、解题核心思维:任何一个题目必有依据。【解题过程】每一句都必须读,都必须翻译,解题点在没有划线的句子里。没有出题的完整句子,一定有某道题的线索。完型填空的答案受“滞后原则”的影响,简答案,可以先填,拿不准可以先放下,看到后面关键信息,可能才能解题!(换句话说,任何题目都有一个通用解法:前后呼应;其中段落首句出题和名词题,先放一放再解题的可能性最大)【解题原理】倪萍逻辑今年的春节联欢晚会突出了 的主题。A. 喜庆 B.团圆 C.团聚 D.联欢【消除解惑】为

3、什么选A不选B?l 因为A有线索和依据,而B没有。l 因为A的线索和依据比B多。【解题思维训练】使用箭头标记法【例句1】2018江苏卷Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a journey, they caught sight of an old hikers (徒步旅行者) guide. A. bus B. walking C.rail D.business【解析】考查名词。根据下文徒步旅行者可知,他们想要来一段徒步旅行。business商业,walking行走、徒步,bus公交车,rail铁路。故答案选B。【例句2

4、2015安徽卷Thanks to modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and6. A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful【解析】考查形容词辨析。A安全的 B滑稽的 C便宜的 D 强有力的 根据“inexpensively可知,成本降低的话,产品价格相对也会降低。 选C【例3】2014重庆卷In Asia, one also be cauti

5、ous about expressing emotions. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is _35_ to kiss in public. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary【解析】考察形容词辨析以及上下文理解。A自然的;B明智的,可取的;C不明智的;D不必的;本段讨论的是在一些国家里要很谨慎地表示自己的情感。那么亲吻也是不明智的,因为这也是一个表示情感的方法。故C正确。蒙题法或检查大法:BC是反义

6、选项二选一。三、词性解题法动词题方法总述方法一:看主语,看并列,看搭配 方法二:前后呼应1、动词题方法一(1) 看主语:看主语是人or 物 ,此主语能不能发出这个动作?(2) 看宾语:宾语是人or 物 ,宾语能不能承受这个动作 (难点:宾语从句,可以看翻译,也可以看时态) (3)看搭配:看需要及物动词还是不及物动词,判断的依据是横线后有没有介词。【例1】2019全国1 I _(16) twelve shades of green from where I stand. A.match B.imagine C.count D.add【解析】作者站的地方,就能“数出”12种不同的“绿色”。shad

7、e是指颜色的“浓淡深浅”。后面的“twelve shades. ”对应选C项count(数.的数目)。 【例2】2019全国1However, I soon5that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of6among tons of rubbish. A. discover B.argue C.decide D.advocate【解析】考查动词辨析。A. discover发现;B. argue争论;C. decide决定;D. advocate提倡。句意:然而,我很快发现,自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报

8、道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由 much has changed 可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。【例3】2017年全国2Each day, 27 kids “The Thinking Laboratory.”A. built B. entered C. decorated D. ran【解析】考查上下文联系。根据空格前的teaching elementary school以及空格后的Room 104可知,是进入了(enter)这个房间。build建造;decorate装饰;run跑。方法二:前后呼应:如果前面的方法都不能解题,就用“前后呼应”解题。【例4】2014重庆卷In

9、some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33 , especially if you are a woman.So leave your tom jeans at home. A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated【解析】A 考察动词词义辨析和上下文串联。A禁止;B允许;C期待;D容忍;句意:在一些中东国家,暴露皮肤是禁止的,尤其是女性。根据句意可知A正确。蒙题法或检查大法:AB是反义选项二选一。【例5】2018年浙江卷When I got into college,

10、things _40_. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time. Because of all.40.A. happenedB. repeatedC. changedD. mattered【解析】考查动词。根据下文I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.可知,作者上大学后发现自己上午没课,与中学时情况大不一样,故应为changed。因此选C。难点1:双主语和双宾语【例6】2010年山东卷Excitement and family members_1_the

11、hall. A. filled B. visited C.decorated D. attended【解析】本句句意应为 家人们挤满了演出大厅,大厅里充满了兴奋的情绪 ,表示 充满、挤满 用filled。【例7】2010北京卷Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also16a strong interest and a world I hadnt known existed.A.developed B.discovered C.took D.fostered考察动词。发现了一项爱好和一个未知的

12、世界,选discovered. 迷惑项是developed , 这个词可以与interest 连用表示形成了某种爱好,但是不可以与world连用表示形成一个未知世界,故排除。Take interest 取利,foster 培养,均不合适。难点2::过程和结果的区别l manage和其它词(如try attempt)l persuade和其它词(如advise suggest demand)l find和其它词(seek search look for)【例8】2014年新课标二Joe _33_ into a large crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below. He had

13、no food or water and he was in terrible pain. .Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joes voice. . Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive. A. managed B. planned C. waited D. hoped 【解析】A. 考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. managed管理; B. planned 计划;C. waited 等待;D. hoped 希望。从下文可知Joe成功的爬回

14、营地,活了下来。【例9】2014年安徽卷Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I 38 to catch a taxi to my accommodation and settle in. A intended B.promised C.managed D.deserved【解析】考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是:A.打算,意图,B.答应,许诺,C.设法,管理,D.值得,应该得到,根据上文的:Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring:可知到达这个阳光之州是非常疲劳的,

15、但是我还是设法赶上了一辆出租车,到我的目的地,安定下来,manage to do设法成功的做了,所以选C。【例10】2014福建卷When he retired three years ago, he _46_ his church music director to take him as a student.For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard,.46A.allowedBinvitedCinspiredDpersuaded 【解析】他说服教堂音乐主管收他为学生。persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事

16、Allowed允许;invited邀请; inspired 鼓舞;persuaded说服。【例11】2010江苏卷She changed many things. She9my father to go to a dental school, from which he graduated with honors.A.begged B.persuaded C.ordered D.invited【解析】选B继母把我父亲说服了去上一个牙科学校。名词题方法总述方法一:前后呼应(90%)方法二:修饰成分(10%)做名词题的优先级:先看修饰成分;再看前后呼应。2、名词题方法一、前后呼应 (90%)文中

17、看到the apple, 呼应点在前面。(根据a和the的呼应关系)横线的前面,即名词前没有a,也没有the,呼应点可以前,可以后。【例1】2019年全国1卷This view is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as (13) go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. A.scientists B. climbers C.locals D. officials考查名词复现。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山,也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B项climbers入选。【例

18、2】2014山东卷【解析】There was a pet store and the owner had a parrot. One day a 1 walked in and the parrot said to the man ,“Hey you!” The man said, “What!?” The parrot said, “Your wife is really ugly.”A. group B. team C. couple D. crowd 【解析】考查推断。从后文your wife.可知答案选couple.【例3】2018天津卷I learned this lesson fr

19、om a(n) _17_ many years ago. I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program. A. experiment B. experience C. visit D. show【解析】考查名词。根据句意,许多年前,我从一个经历里学到这个道理。A为实验,B为经历,C拜访,D节目。因此选B。【例4】2017全国2卷In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.Each

20、 day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory.”That was the 42 students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too dull . A. name B. rule C. brand D. plan【解析】考查上文语境。根据空格前的The Think Laboratory 可知这是Room 104的名字(name)。rule规则;brand品牌;plan计划。方法二、修饰成分(相关成分)10% (+介词短语) (+to do/ doing/ done) (+定语从句)【例

21、5】2018全国3卷The post has since gained the _60_ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.A. sympathyB. attentionC. controlD. trust【解析】根据receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days可知,这个帖子收到了来自世界各地很多人的分享和点赞

22、帖子获得了很多的关注,因此选attention。故选B。【例6】2018全国1卷.the absolute most important 56 that you learn when you play chess is how to make good decisions . A fact B step C manner D skill【解析】考查名词辨析。fact事实;step脚步;manner礼仪;skill技巧。根据句意,你在下棋的时候学会的最重要的技巧是如何做出好的抉择。故答案选D。3、形容词、副词形副方法总述方法一:感情色彩一致性方法二:前后呼应做形容词副词题的优先级:先扫一眼选项

23、有正负的话,就不要先带入,先判断感情色彩的正负。如果感情色彩一致,就用方法二。方法一:感情色彩一致性。 上下文色彩 中心色彩 连词色彩变化方法二:前后呼应法【例1】2019全国1卷Hearing these stories, Im4about the placeother destinations are described as purer natural experiences.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. silent沉默的;B.skeptical怀疑的;C. serious严肃的;D. crazy疯狂的。听到

24、第一段说的故事,我对于这座山是持什么态度呢?破折号后的other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences是在解释破折号前面内容。 由此可知,听到这些故事,我对这个地方产生了怀疑其他旅游地被描述为 更纯粹 的自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。【例2】2016新课标. they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the eme

25、rgency personnel arrived,.and she should not move. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm【解析】考查形容词。根据本段末句she should not move可知,Larry让这名女士不要动。Quiet 安静的;still不动的;away远离的;calm沉着的;故选 B。【例3】2018天津卷It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the _19_ team at the end of spring practice. The old

26、team had no coach, and they didnt even practice to prepare for the game. 19. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new【解析】考查形容词。根据句意,在春季训练结束后老队伍对垒新队伍是这个学校的传统。由第三段第三行Being the coach of the new team可知应选D。注意:感情色彩的方法同样适用于某些特殊的名词题,这些名词通常由形容词转化而来。如happiness,sadness,excitement等。【例4】2018全国三卷In her _48_, s

27、he didnt seem to realize that she was sharing the babys photos with a complete stranger.A. opinionB. anxietyC. excitementD. effort【解析】根据上文overjoyed grandmother可知,当了祖母的Teresa非常激动,因此excitement符合语境。故选C。4、连词题(1)两种考法:考察连词(填连词)。 第1步:翻译上句,翻译下句。 第2步:判断上下句一致 or 相反。(思考顺序:转折和递进,因果,并列)文章中给连词。(可用该连词题来解动词,名词等) 第1

28、步:判断连词的一致性或相反性。 第2步:在相应的关系下,进行选择。(2)连词的两种关系转折关系1. although though even though even if whilebut yet however whereas但是 still 仍然 as 钱包丢了,但是我很高兴 = 钱包丢了 , 我still很高兴。2. unless (除非)你考不上大学, 除非 你好好学习。3. 祈使句+or ((否则)好好学习,or你考不上大学, 4. 时间先后提示逻辑上的相反关系before after不好好学习, 我考上了好大学。你不能从图书馆借书, 你有图书卡。 (unless, after)5.

29、 rather than (而不是)我们喜欢好学生, 坏学生。6. adj. adv. ing/ ed +as+主语+ 系动词 (Young as he is. 虽然他很年轻)最容易错误的几个关系。1、instead:一致关系上下句含有反义词的一致关系。赵老师没有放弃, 赵老师更加努力。2、 in fact 事实上: 一致 or 相反赵老师没有放弃, 赵老师更加努力。 (一致)赵老师很难看, 他没有那么难看。 (相反)关于and与butA and B and连接句子,是一致关系,着重考虑两个动词的顺序感。and前后是单词或短语,可以是一致,也可以是相反(同义、近义和反义词)【举例】探讨一下手机

30、的利and 弊,/ 得and失 but前后一定相反关系。但是需要填的词,可能是可能是同义,可能是反义。原句:小王养金鱼,但是(but)小李不养金鱼。题1:小王养金鱼,但是(but)小李 。 (填入的“不养金鱼”和“养金鱼”相反)题2:小王养金鱼,但是(but) 不养金鱼。 (填入的“小李”和“小王”相近)【例1】2010北京卷 She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking,1she was encouraging and inspiring. A.and B.yet C.so D.for【解析】考察连词及句子理解。前面unpl

31、easant voice 和 direct way of speaking是消极意向,后面encouraging 和 inspiring是积极意向,因此需填转折连词,四个选项中A表并列,C表结果,D表原因,只有B选项yet表转折。【例2】2017全国卷I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. A.LastlyB.ThusC.InsteadD.However【解析】考查连词辨析及语境理

32、解。A. Lastly最后,B. Thus因此,C. Instead代替的是,D. However然而。根据上下午文意思,instead和was not unpleasant对应。不是不开心的,而是有帮助的。故选C。【例3】2014辽宁卷Then I told her about the business meeting._47_,my explanation seemed to make things worse,which started to drive me mad as well.A.However BTherefore CMoreover DOtherwise【解析】A考查副词辨析

33、四个选项的含义分别是:A.然而,B.因此,C.还有,D.否则,根据下文的内容,my explanation seemed to make things worse,作者的解释让事情更糟,所以和前面的句子是转折关系,所以选A。【例4】2016新课标I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 38 ahead of me. A.still B. also C. yet D. just【解析】考查副词辨析。“我心想,没有手臂,他更像个领袖

34、still仍然;also也;yet然而、还没;just刚刚、仅仅。Damaged but not defeated,Miller虽然受伤了,但不会被打败,作者认为Miller仍然是最强的,故选A。【例5】2018年全国三卷When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say sorry, wrong number! and move on. But when Dennis Williams _42_ a text that clearly wasnt inten

35、ded for him, he did something _43_.42.A. receivedB. translatedC. copiedD. printed【解析】根据文章下文Dennis got a group text可知,丹尼斯收到了一条群发短信,receive与get在此意思相同。故选A。【例6】2018天津卷Now I may still not be the most18, social person, but Ive become better at oral presentations. I19read my poetry out loud at a reading cl

36、ub.A.serious B.outgoing C.nervous D. hardworking【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据文章,现在我的性格可能不是最为外向的那个,因此用outgoing【例7】2017全国一 Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress,I was excited. A. slowB. steadyC. normalD. obvious【解析】考查形容词辨析及语境理解。A. Slow慢的, B. Steady稳定的,C. Normal正常的,D. Obvious明显的。根据上文作者仅仅学会对手语字母表打手势,因此是缓慢

37、的进步,故选A。【例8】2018天津卷That summer, When the other teams enjoyed their vacations , we met every day and _28_passing and kicking the football.28. A. risked B. missed C. considered D. practiced【解析】考查动词。根据句意,我们每天都聚集在一起并且练习传球和踢球。A冒险,B错过,思念,C考虑,认为,D练习。因此选D。【例9】2018天津卷I felt that it would be a _31_for us even

38、 if we lost the game. A. shame B. burden C. victory D. favor【解析】考查名词。根据句意,最终我们遇到了这个州的第一名。我觉得即使我们输掉了比赛,对我们而言也是一个胜利。A羞愧,B负担,C胜利,D帮助,喜好。因此选C。【例10】2011北京卷Sometimes Id get 45 and take a shot at the wrong directionwhich made me feel really stupid.A.committed B. motivated C. embarrassed D. confused【解析】考查形容

39、词。我们看到下文中出现了wrong和 stupid这两个明显表示负态度的形容词,因此可以排除A(坚定的)、B(有动力的)D(困惑的)都属于负面态度。根据语境,考虑到动作的顺序,“我”应该是先感到困惑,然后投篮投错了方向,而不是先感到尴尬,再投错方向,因此选D。5、短语题(1)短语题的定义【形式】核心理解:动词+介词/副词短语题定义:不等于两部分的简单叠加,一定要发生变化。【注意】介词/副词在动词短语中表示“方向或关系”。高效率的背词组,按介词和副词来背。go to cut down 不是短语题中的短语,cut up是短语,因为cut up(切碎)cut+up(2)解题步骤第1步:翻译空格前后的

40、内容,猜测此处的最佳汉语意思。(穷尽原则)第2步:看各个选项中的介词or 副词,看哪个副词 or介词能够反映最佳汉语意思。 (最起码要做到不矛盾,排除干扰选项1-2)第3步:看选项中的动词,看哪个动词能够反映最佳汉语意思。(3)必备知识:各个介词的含义 (8个)带ON词组:持续,继续,在某方面,关于,接触。get on (get off) put on (put off) 带OFF分离,结束,开始set off(开始动手)为什么结束和开始,哲学的角度:一件事情的结束,就是另外一件事情的开始。带OUT向外,超越,发生,出现,出来,开始UP向上,到达,出现Over结束,超越;贯穿和经历for 支持

41、为了; 持续to/ toward到达;相对against反对;相对,对应up downon offfor agaistat toover out【例1】2018全国1 I idea of the class.A put forward Bjump at Ctried out Dturn down第1 步:我产生,出现,提出,蹦出,涌现出一个想法第2步:看副词和介词:ABC可以。第3步:看动词:B选项【例2】2013北京卷At the state competition, Lola didnt fall _47_ the beam(平衡木). In fact, she got an 8.1 o

42、ut of 10 her highest score yet.A. to Bon Coff Dagainst【解析】小女孩没有掉下来,而fall off意为“从掉下来”。【例3】2018江苏卷Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers fees.A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up【解析】考查动词短语。根据上下文可知他们的钱全部用来付律师费了。

43、used up用光、用尽,drawn up拉起,backed up支持,kept up继续。故答案选B。【例4】2018天津卷Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldntwhat he was saying.A.set aside B.take back C.make out D.keep off【解析】本题考查动词词组辨析。句意: 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储,留出”; take back“收回,拿回”;make out“辨认出,理解,了解”; keep off“(使)避

44、开”。故选C。如果仅仅凭借动词就可以做出来的题目,就认为是动词题,不作为动词短语题来解答【例5】2018天津卷 The old team had no coach, and they didnt even practice to _20_ the game. A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D. finish with【解析】考查动词词组。根据句意,老队没有教练,他们甚至不练习去为这个比赛做准备。A欢呼,B准备,C帮助,D结束。因此选B四、篇章结构解题法1、文章U型结构解题记叙文: 两种类型U型,直线型U型:首段提出问题-中间经过困难和挫折-最后皆大欢喜或者有教育意义2018全国二卷(中间段)Getting a l

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