1、图表作文写作要领(1)注意总-分构造的使用。中心句概括总趋势。总增长：经典数据/区间：therearesomefluctuationstothisgeneraltrend;Withinthisgeneraltrend,therearesomefluctuations,forexample.(2)注意分水岭的描写,即把整个图表的变化趋势提成两个或三个变化阶段来整体描写。(3)注意语言的多样化，多用同义词替代，防止反复用词。(4)注意数据的内部逻辑关系，确定描写线索。即确定以某个数据的变化来贯彻全文。图表作文句型总结：1 .基本功：论述表格/图表(重点)构成：consistof.,bemadeup
2、of.,becomposedof.,(2)比例：accountfor%,represent%,make/takeup%.z或者直接说%of.(3)上升(by.to.),增长，提高:a.一般：increase,grow,rise,expandb.渐渐上升：climb,edgeupzascend,trendup.c.猛增,激增：jump,surge,Soar,proliferCrtC(数量)，ICaP,shotupd.词组：achieveanincreasein.by.to.Continueitsupwardstrend;trendupOntherise,ontheincrease.n.名词:On
3、consecutiverise：保持持续增长increase,rise,growth,expansion,ascendance渐渐增长，slightincrease,rise,growthin.bum-u(忽然增长)，ProIifCration(激增),jump,ICQ,surge,boom(4)减少，下降，减缓a. 一般：decrease,fall,drop,reduce,shrink,(shrinkage)b.逐渐变少：slide,dwindle,decline,edgedownc.骤减：collapse,slump,plummet,plunged.经济衰退，停止：SIUmP,collap
4、se,stagnate,stagnant,stagnation,sluggish,sluggishness,slack,CriSis,recession,slowdown,downturn,e.词组：falloffzdropoff,godown,continueitsdownwardtrend,trenddown,onthedecline,onthedownturn.(5)保持平稳，不变：Remainstablesteady,/unchangedLeveloffvi上升，或减退至平稳水平Subsidevi减退至平稳水平standstilln/adj停滞不前(6)起伏波动：RiSCandfall
5、fluctuateSlightly/dramatically,fluctuatebetween.and.zaminorfluctuation,smallrisesandfalls/fluctuations.(7)形容趋势程度.剧烈，明显，明显Dramatically,SharPIy,considerably,rapidlyzsuddenly,greatly,alarmingly,significantly,enormously,steeply,massively,incredibly,hugely,amazingly,substantially;atanalarmingrate;byawid
6、emargin.b.缓慢/逐渐Gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,marginally,slowly,moderately,inamoderateway,bytheleastamount.(8)表达倍数：Q.(使)增几倍于：double,iipaquadruple,kwodrupl,b. adv.adj几倍的，几倍地：fivefold,sixfold,sevenfold.c. ad.几倍：twice,three/four/fivetimes.e.几分之几：2/3：two-thirdszetc.(atqfractionof)(9)比较数据as.as.a.thre
7、e/fourtimesasmany.做主语或定语成分Eg.appro.20%morepeoplepreferredthedietcherryversionandnearlythreetimesasmanypreferredthedietstrawberryversion.b.A+be+XXtimes+as+adj+as+B”。eg.Thistreeisthreetimesastallasthatone.Eg.HiSfatheristwiceQSoldashe.c.A+be+XXtimes+计量形容词比较级+than+B”eg.TheYangtzeRiverisalmosttwicelonger
8、thanthePearlRiver.=TheYangtzeRiverisalmostthreetimesaslongQSPearlRiver.Eg.Thedictionaryisexactlyfivetimesmoreexpensivethanthatone.d.llA+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B*,eg.Thenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。e.uThe+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B*,eg.Thesizeofthenewlybroadenedsqu
9、areisfourtimesthatofthepreviousone.(10)从不一样方面分析数据；inviewoftheturnover.,Intermsofgrowth,.就营业额方面来说。，就增长方面来说；2.描述时间点或时间段(1)时期泛指：oVCrtheperiodXXXtoXXX,overtheyearsXXXtoXXX,fromXXto;over/duringthepastXXyears;inthelastXXycars(近来X年)，overthelast15to20years,inthenextXXyearszduringaXX-year/month/weekperiod,th
10、roughout.,allthewaythrough,fortheyear.XXX.(2)时期特指：duringthesameperiod,overtheperiodinquestion,over/duringtheperiodstudied,fortherestoftheperiodsstudied,inthetwosubsequentperiods,inthefollowingperiod,allthewaythrough,(3)持续下降/上升的某个时期：汁isthesecond/third/fourthconsecutivequarter/year/month/weekthatXXXha
11、sfallen(4)时间点：UntiI,bytheyearXXX,SinCafromtheyearXXX,uptonow,atagivenmoment,overtheperiodendedonendedinXX(5)年代：duringthe1980s;duringthe70sand80s.,3. 开头：thisgraph/reportdescribes/OUtIinCS/shows/COmParCWith./suggests,4.总趋势句型(I)Ifwelookatthegrowthin.,wecanseethereisasteadyincreaseinXXfrom.to./ariseinXX
12、ofXXX(2)fromthegraph,wecanseethereis./ifwetakingtheXXfirst,wecanseethatthereis.(3)XXWaSonconsecutivegrowthonthewholeovertheperiodinquestion(except.)(4)XXshowsarelativelysteady/upward/downwardtrendinthelastXXyears.(5)XXshowsatrajectoryofgrowthfall.(6),ontheotherhand,showsadifferenttrend.(7)XXXhasbeen
13、growingconsistentlywithXXinthepastXXyears.(8)XXXWitnCSSCd/sawsomeriseandfall/fluctuationsovertheperiod.(9)duringthesameperiod,XXalsorose,butfluctuatedgreatly.(IO)XXdidn,tvarymuchandremainedjustover/belowOrbetween.and.(Il)XXshowsthesameperformance/trendalthoughatlevel4bnhigherthanimports.5 .增长幅度、增长额(
14、1) .zthereisariseinXXofXX/by%from.to.(2)ThefigureshowsariseofXXwithinthewholeperiodandnofluctuationsaretoberemarked.(3)XXrosefrom.to.zsufferingminorfluctuationsallthewaythrough.(4)XXincreasedSIightly/rosesteadily,etc,endingtheperiodaroundXXovertheirstartinglevel.6 .最大涨/跌幅，最高点，最低点(1) XXXwiththebigges
15、tincrease/decreasecomingbetween.and.,(2) Itwentuptothe(7-yearetc.)peakat.in./(3) TheXXXpeakedat.,in.reachedhitapeakin./peakingat.(4) TheXXrosetothehighest,climbedtoaseven-monthhigh,(priceetc.)advancedtoarecord$1000on.,(5)theXXrose/surge/climbtoXXXzthehighestsince.(6)骤升ShOt-Up,surge,rocketzupsurge,up
16、liftzproliferationsoar,boom骤降：slump,plunge,lummet(vi)znose-divevi5 .起始点(l)startingoffat./from,saleswillincreaseto.,during.,andremainstableatduring，onlytodecreaseto.during.(2)DUringXXX,itstartedaroundXXinthefirstquarter.6 .经典数据/区间(I)Profitswillshopupdramaticallyto2,000in,fromwhichitwillgoupsteadilyfr
17、omyeartoyear.(2)Itwillgodowntothelowestat.in.whereitwillbegintopickuprebound(3)From1985to1997,XXXwerebetweenXXandXXX.(4)After.theXXincreseddecresedsignificantly.(5)theroseupsteadilyuntil.(6)howeverztherearesomefluctuationstothisgeneral/Withinthisgeneraltrend,forexample.7 .描写fluctuations(l)fromstarti
18、ngoffat.zXXXincreasedto.,during.,andremainstableat.,during.,onlytodecreaseto.,during.(2)XXXincreased/soaredfromtoXXXin.followedbyasharpdropto.in.(3)SOaragain,fallbackto,dropbackto.andthenmaintainedthispositionthroughout.(4)itstartedaroundXXinzincreasedslowlytoXXin.,andthenfelltoXXattheendoftheyear.(
19、5)ItstayedstableataroundXXduringandzthendecreasedtoXXXin.,beforerecoveringat/toXXXattheendof.8 .对比，比例的描写(1)倍数关系描写(见1);(2)分数关系：one/afifthof,8outof10zatafractionof.(3)构成：consistof,bemadeupof.,becomposedof.(4)比彳列：accountfor.zrepresent,takeup.,(5)对比：comparedto,incomparisonwith.,relativeto.ztheratiois.Eg
20、Femaleexecutivesdominateintheagegroupbetween24and39,wheretheratiois42to10.(Thefirstrepresentingthenumberofwomenandlatter,men).Eg.Itdecreaseshalfingroup60to69where10womenholdtoppositionincomparisonto/with21men.Eg.Thegraphsshowsthenumberofcarsper100peopleovertheperiod1980torelativetothegrowthofthewor
21、ldspopulation.9 .大小的比较差：SPrCad(差价)，margin,split,difference,差额为正/负：remainedpositive/negative(2)占多数,a.XXXdominateintheXXgroupamongst.b. Intheagerangeabove.,XXXarein/sliding/majority.(3)超过：a.XXXeceededoutstriedXXXbutnotbythesamemargin,b.XXXexceededXXbyXXpercent,outnumberbyXXX.c. exceedXX-IeveI.Withthee
22、arningsexceedingXXX.(4)比例相等：a.anequalnumberofboth.and.b.XXXtakeanequalproportionin.(5)从小到大描述数据：followedbyEg.44%ofoursalesincomecamefromUS,followedbyEUroPC(26%),andsouthAmerica(19%)(6)排序的描写：rankedNo.1/2;Thesecond/thirdlargest.;beinthefirst/SCCond/thirdplace.10 .表达预测的句子；belikelyto.CxPCCtCdto./issuppos
23、edto.estimatedto.projectedto.willwillbe11 .论述受访者态度(I)XXXreceivedXXpositiveresponsesandXXnegativeresponses.(2) XXpeoplegaveapositiveresponse/commenton.(3) Askedabout.,XXpeoplerespondedPoSitiVCly/negativelywhereasXXpeopleSaySthnegativeaboutit.(4) XXofrespondentscomplainedabout.whileXXthoughitpositivel
24、y,/thoughtittobesatisfactory12. Distribution(1) %zmorethanhalfXX,XXoutofXX.(2) therespondentsarealmostequallydividedbetweenXXXandXX(differentstances)(3)XXandtakeasimilarproportioninXXgroup/range13. dataandcompare的中心句(I)Thecompanyemploysalmostanequalnumberofexecutivesofbothsexes.Howeverzthereareremar
25、kabledifferencesdependingontheagerangeconsidered.(2)TheoverallresultofthisinternationalsurveyonplannedITexpenditureforthenextyearshowssignificantdifferencesbetweenEuropeandAa.(3)ThesituationinXX,however,quitedifferent.(4)howeverztheXXvarygreatlyontheXX.IDataandChange1.此类汇报有两个目的，展现数据，描写变化趋势，自己的主观发挥较少
26、或者没有发挥。不要发挥图表里不存在的内容。一般会规定展现多种item的变化状况，可以用小标题分段。重点如下：一、 首先把握图表的大趋势；二、 描述重要变化点，例如suddengrowth,abruptdrop,drasticshrinkage.,proliferationetc.三、 起始点和衔接点的描述turningpoint四、 需重点掌握的有：描写变化的句型，及以上一、二、三。五、条形图和线性图都一般都波及到这种类型。Samples1 .销售预测：BarChart,趋势，最大值，最小值，变化值ReportonSalesForecastfornextyearIntroductionThis
27、reportsetsouttooutlineandcomparethesalesforecastsforfridges,TVs,andcookersofTollerElectricalLtdfornextyear.FindingsTheunitsalesoffridgesis/AREexpectedtostay/remainsteadilyat5z000throughoutthefourquartersofnextyear.ThesalesofTVs,ontheotherhand,willbeonconsecutiverise,startingoffat5z000in【改为during比很好,
28、下同thefirstquarter,jumpingto15z000duringthesecondandthirdquarter,andCndinqUPWith20,000inthefourthquarter.待商榷Thesalesofcookers,however,is【因展现的是四个季度的sales9因此此处应用are】likelytofluctuateabitnextyear.Theunitsaleswillreach5000inthefirstquarter,andrisesharply/significantlyto10z000inthesecondandthirdquarter,th
29、endeclineto5z000againinthefourthquarter.ConclusionTheTVisexpectedtobethebestsellerofTollerElectricalLtdnextyear.参照范文；ReportonSalesForecastsforTollerElectricalLtdTheaimofthisreportistocomparethesalesforecastsforthreeproductareasfornextyear.Unitsalesoffridgesarelikelytoremainat5,000duringallfourquarte
30、rsofnextyear.TVsales,ontheotherhand,willsignificantlyincreaseduringthesecondquarterfrom10,000to15,000.Unitsaleswillremainat15z000duringthethirdquarterandsoaronceagainto20z000duringthefourthquarter.Unitsalesofcookers,however,arelikelytofluctuate,startingoffat5,000,saleswillincreaseto10z000duringthese
31、condandthirdquarterofnextyear,onlytodecreaseto5z000unitsalesduringthefourthquarter.ItwasconcludedthatTVswillbeTollerElectricalLtdsstrongestproductareainthefollowingyear.NOTE;注意表达预测的句型2 .产量与价格变化-关联性数据重点：changesinproductionandprices.ReportOnWheatProductionandPricesThisreportsummarizesthechangesinprodu
32、ctionandpricesoveraten-yearperiodfrom1990to.FromthechartwecanseethereWaSasteadygrowthinwheatproductionoverthegivenperiod.Startingoffataround0.8milliontonesin1990,theyearlyoutputrosetoalmost1.5milliontonesfiveyearslater,andexceeded2-million-tonnelevelin.Theaveragepriceofwheat,ontheotherhand,fluctuate
33、dabitoverthesameperiod.Fromaround1300pertonein1990zitshotupquicklyin1995,peakingataround3000pertone.Howeveritdroppedbacktoaroundpertonein.Toconclude,itshowsthatthetotaloutputofwheatisnotthesolefactordecidingthetrendofprice.特点：柱状图，趋势明显，数据少。比较简朴。3 .客户投诉与列车准时率与可靠性-关联数据准时率、可靠性与顾客投诉。数据不多，可考虑逐年描写。Report;X
34、XtrainoperatorThisreportsummarizesthechangesthattookplaceinreliability,punctualityandthenumberofcomplaintsreceivedduringa12-weekperiod,whichwasdividedfurtherintothreesub-periods.Fromthegraphwecanseeabout97%ofthetimetabledtrainswererunningduringthefirstfourweeks.Thepercentageroseto100%fromthefifthwee
35、konwardsandremainedstablefortherestoftheperiodsstudied.Conversely,thepunctualitypercentagewasdecliningconsecutivelyoverthegivenperiod.From95%attheOUtSCt,itedgeddowninthetwosubsequentperiodsandhitthelowestataround90%inthelastthreeweeks.Thenumberofcomplaintsper100,000passengerjourneysremainedstableat2
36、00inthefirstfourweeksandevendroppedslightlyinthefollowingperiod,probablyowingtotheriseofreliability.However,duringthelast4weeks,itwentupagaintoanalltimehighataround225.Toconclude,itisclearthepunctualityhassignificantinfluenceonthenumberofcomplaintsreceived.NOTE;注意描写区间的词FortherestoftheperiodsStUdiCd/
37、inquestionInthetwosubsequentperiodsInthefollowingperiod.4 .乘客收益与准时率-关联性数据经典数据:revenuepeak：2nof,on-time骤降：2-3quartersReportonpassengerrevenueandon-timerateoftrainsofCruiselineThisgraphdescribeschangesofthepassengerrevenueandtheon-timepercentageoftrainsofCuiselineovertheperiodto.Fromthegraphwecanseeth
38、eon-timepercentageoftrainsremainedrelativelystalebetween85%and90%beforethesecondquarterof.Overthesameperiod,thepassengerrevenuewasonconsecutiveriseonthewholeexceptaslightdropinthelastquarterof.Startingoffatabout280mzitclimbedtoapeakat330millionbythesecondquarterof.However,astheon-timeratenose-divedp
39、recipitatelytoaround70%inthethirdquarterin,therevenuedroppedconsistentlyfrom330mto65m,thelargestdecreaseovertheperiodinquestion.Althoughthepunctualityratereboundedgraduallyto75%later,therevenuestillkeptdecliningandreacheditstwo-yearlowestat65mattheendof.Itisconcludedthatthepunctualityoftrainshasasig
40、nificanteffectonthepassengerrevenue.Band4sampleReport：CruselinetraincompanyThegraphshowsthepassengerrevenueandthepercentageoftrainsarrivingontimeduringtheyearsandofCruselinetraincompany.Regardingthepassengerrevenue,duringitstartedaround280millioninthefirstquarter,increasedslowlyto300millioninthe3rdq
41、uarterandthenfelltoaround290millionattheendoftheyear.In,therevenueincreasedsteadilyto330duringthe2ndquarterfollowedbyasharpfalltoaround225attheendof.Thepercentageoftrainsarrivingontimestayedstableataround88%duringthels+and2ndquarterin,thendecreasedto85%inthe3rdquarterbeforerecoveringatround87%atthee
42、ndof.Tillthe2ndquarterinthepercentagedecreasedsteadilyto85%beforefallingrapidlyto68%andrecoveringto75%attheendof.5 .供求关系-barchartandlinechart关联性数据Mainpoint-relationshipofsupplyanddemand横坐标一year竖坐标，demand,andstock.ReportOnsupplyanddemandforpalmoilovertheperiod1985to.Thisgraphcomparestheamountofpalmoi
43、lheldinworldstockovertheyears1985towiththedemand.Fromthegraphwecanseethetotaldemandforpalmoilwasonconsecutiveriseonthewholeovertheperiodinquestionexceptamarginalfallduring98/99.Startingfrom7.5milliontonsin1985zitgrewsignificantlyto33milliontonsduring05/06period.Theendingstocks,ontheotherhand,witness
44、edanumberoffluctuationsoverthepasttwentyyearswhenthesupplyoutstrippedthedemandatalltimeswiththelargestmargincomingbetweentoat3z000tons.Thenthedifferencekeptdecreasingyearbyyearuntilthesupplyanddemandgrowthcurvefinallyoverlappedfrom.Itcanbeconcludedthatthepalmoilsupplyoutstrippedthesupplythroughoutth
45、eperiodinquestionbutshowedatendencytogrowconsistentlywitheachotheraftersomeriseandfallinbetween.NOTE：endingstock,即每一年的年终库存结余。由此可知，整体来说是供不小于求的，由于每年的CndingStOCk高于SUPPly,供求差异与00/间到达最高峰，之后逐年缩小，从开始到达供求平衡。参照范文；ThegraphtheNmoUrrtofpalmoilheldinworld5toek$overthe1S5Zo2.OO&wththedemand.Overt-heperiodinqutiOr
46、IdemandforpalmoilHReadilyfrom7.000tonnein1385to33,000tonn-in2OO.DLlringthesameperiodstockeofpalmoilalorose,butfluctuatedgreatly.Atalltimedendingstocksexceededdemand,but;notby-thsamemargin.From19S581997ending3tock5werebetween1,300and1,700tonneventhoughdemanddoubledduringthe&ameperiod.After1997themarg
47、ininceaied5igmifiCNrrtlyreachingapeakIn2.000ofalmost3,000tonnescomparedtothedemandof20,000.FOrthenext-fiveyearsendingStoCkSfellbackrelativeZodemand.IntheN5tthreeSear6theindustry-ge与ZohavereachedaConRitentlevelofending$8ckscomparedtothedemand.NOTE：注意找出图表变化的分水岭,对于endingstock,85-99是一种阶段，endingstock一直相对稳定，在1700如下，不过99年后来开始大幅增长，到01/间增至顶峰，之后逐年下落，最终于demand重叠。6 .车辆保有量与人口增长barchartandlinechartintroductionThegraphshowsthatthenumberofcarsper100peopleovertheperiod
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