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1、专业好文档西方经济学形成性考核答案1一、 填空题 1、 资源配置2、 决策机制， 协调机制3、 资源配置， 资源利用4、 价值判断5、 反， 同6、 替代， 收入7、 供给量， 供给8、 同9、 价格10、 有， 缺乏11、 互补12、 富有13、 消费者14、 边际效用， 无差异曲线15、 消费者均衡16、 消费者剩余17、 投入的生产要素和产量， 成本与收益18、 机会主义行为19、 边际产量递减20、 平均产量21、 收益递增22、 扩张二、 选择题1、D 2、D 3、A 4、C 5、C6、C 7、A 8、C 9、B 10、D11、B 12、C 13、D 14、B 15、B三、 判断题1
2、、 2、 3、 4、 5、6、 7、 8、 9、 10、11、 12、 13、 14、 15、四、 计算题1、 解：实现均衡时均衡价格相等，均衡数量相等即 D=S代入得 350-3P=-250+5P 8P=600 P=75再将p=75代入需求函数（或供给函数）得 D=350-3P=350-375=125答：该商品均衡价格为75，均衡数量为125。2、 解：已知P1=1.20元，Q1=800公斤，E=2.4，P/P=25%由需求弹性公式：E=（Q/Q）/（P/P）得：Q/Q=EP/P=2.425%=60%降价后的需求量Q2=Q1+Q=800+80060%=1280公斤价格P2=P1（1-25%）
3、=0.90元降价前的总收益TR1=P1Q1=1.20800=960元降价后的总收益TR2=P2Q2=0.91280=1152元降价后的总收益增加了TR2TR1=1152960=192元。答：总收益增加了192元。3、 解：列表如下：X商品边际效用MUX/10Y商品边际效用MUY/20110010120010290921708.5380831407470741105.556065804650574048303920210101根据消费者均衡条件的公式：MUX/PX=MUY/PY，当QX=4，QY=3时，MUX/PX=MUY/PY（70/10=140/20），可以实现消费者均衡，此时总效用达到最大
4、。答：消费者购买4个单位X商品与3个单位商品时可以实现消费者均衡。五、 问答题1、两种作法都不足取。一方面应适当提价，以分流部分需求，减轻铁路运输紧张的需求压力；另一方面，应严格限制并打击票贩子，减少投机操纵的干扰，使供求矛盾逐步有序地得到缓解。放开火车票价完全按供求关系定价，在过度短缺的条件下会产生过大的供求波动，大起大落，不利稳定。2、作图分析：（1）需求富有弹性的商品，其价格与总收益成反方向变动，即价格上升，需求量减少，总收益减少；价格下降，需求量增大，总收益增加。数码摄像机等高档消费品属于需求富有弹性商品，弹性系数大，当该商品的价格下降时，需求量（从而销售量）增加的幅度大于价格下降的幅
5、度，所以总收益会增加，因此，应采取降价促销的办法来提高生产者的收入。（2）需求缺乏弹性的商品，其价格与总收益成同方向变动，即价格上升，需求量增大，总收益增加；价格下降，需求量减少，总收益减少。农产品是生活必需品，需求缺乏弹性，弹性系数很小，当该商品的价格上升时，需求量（从而销售量）减少的幅度小于价格上升的幅度，所以总收益会增加，因此，应采取提价的办法来提高生产者的收入。3、用消费者行为理论解释需求定理。（1）消费者购买各种物品是为了实现效用最大化，或者说是为了消费者剩余最大。当某种物品价格既定时，消费者从这种物品中所得到的效用最大，即消费者对这种物品评价越高，消费者剩余越大。当消费者对某种物品
6、的评价既定时，消费者支付的价格越低，消费者剩余越大。因此，消费者愿意支付的价格取决于他以这种价格所获得的物品能带来的效用大小。（2）消费者为购买一定量某物品所愿意付出的货币价格取决于他从这一定量物品中所获得的效用，效用大，愿付出的价格高；效用小，愿付出的价格低。随着消费购买的某物品数量的增加，该物品 给消费者所带来的边际效用是递减的，而货币的边际效用是不变的。这样，随着物品的增加，消费者所愿付出的价格也在下降。因此，需求与价格必然成反方向变动。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win
7、 over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their
8、first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most i
9、nterest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this
10、 weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorr
11、ow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president o
12、f European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Miss
13、ion aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will
14、move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the strato
15、sphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got
16、 caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That
17、could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-c
18、hase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back th
19、ey have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.