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1、专业好文档一、单项选择题(本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.在应力维持固定不变的条件下，钢材的应变随时间而发生增长的现象称为钢材的()A.松弛B.徐变C.蠕变D.疲劳2.判断截面在计算时是否属于T型截面的标准是()A.截面本身的形状B.翼缘板是否参与抗压作用C.翼缘板是否参加抗拉作用D.梁肋是否参与作用3.下列各选项中，在桥梁的建设中不能作为预应力钢材的是()A.高强钢丝B.钢绞线C.热轧钢筋D.冷拉热扎钢筋4.纵向受拉钢筋的弯起位置是按_确定的。()A.剪力包络图B.剪力包络图设
2、计，用弯矩包络图复核C.弯矩包络图D.弯矩包络图设计，用剪力包络图复核5.公路桥梁设计中，下列哪项作用属于偶然作用？()A.汽车的冲击力B.汽车的撞击力C.汽车的离心力D.汽车的制动力6.当采用“五点重合法”确定悬链线拱轴的拱轴系数m时，要求全拱有五点与_恒载压力线重合。()A.无铰拱B.单铰拱C.两铰拱D.三铰拱7.如果按结构基本体系分类，则斜拉桥属于()A.梁式桥B.刚架桥C.悬索桥D.组合体系桥8.钢桁架简支梁桥中的主要承重结构是()A.主桁架B.桥面系C.联结系D.下弦杆二、填空题(本大题共7小题，每空1分，共16分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。1.从受力特点上看
3、，混凝土梁式桥可分为_ 梁桥，_ 梁桥和_ 梁桥。2.在桥面板的计算中，为简化计算，引入了板的_概念。3.一般桥梁设计分为规划设计、_和_三个阶段。4.无推力拱根据拱肋和系杆的大小及布置形式可分为_、_和_。5.大偏心受压构件的正截面承载力取决于_。6.对于钢筋混凝土受弯构件，在使用阶段需进行_和_验算，在施工阶段需进行_和_验算。7.钢筋混凝土构件破坏主要有_和_两种类型。三、简答题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分)1.由于结构的需要，用于预应力结构的混凝土需要满足哪些要求？2.影响混凝土轴心受压应力应变曲线的主要因素有哪些?3.简述选择拱肋拱轴线的原则及理想拱轴线的含义。4.一座桥梁
4、有哪几个部分组成的？简要介绍各自在桥梁结构中所承担的作用。5.荷载横向分布系数的物理意义。至少列举三种求解横向分布系数的方法，并简述他们各自的适用场合。一、单项选择题(本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1规则块材砌体的齿缝抗剪强度，决定于( )A.块材的直接抗剪强度B.砂浆的抗剪强度C.砂浆与块材的粘结强度D.砂浆的抗压强度2在桥梁工程的受扭构件中，一般采用_来抵抗外力产生的扭矩。( )A.沿45方向布置螺旋箍筋B.封闭式箍筋C.纵向钢筋D.由箍筋和纵向钢筋组成的空间骨架3影响无腹筋简
5、支梁斜截面破坏形态的主要因素是( )A.剪跨比B.混凝土强度C.纵向受拉钢筋和箍筋数量D.以上都对4混凝土在长期荷载作用下会产生随时间增长的变形，这一现象称为混凝土的( )A.收缩B.徐变C.蠕变D.塑性5对于后张法预应力混凝土结构，不能有效减少摩擦引起的预应力损失的措施是( )A.采用超张拉或两端张拉B.提高施工质量，减少钢筋位置偏差C.采用低松弛预应力筋D.在接触材料表面涂水溶性润滑剂以减小摩擦系数6对于用企口缝联结的简支空心板梁桥，跨中部分一般采用_计算荷载横向分布系数。( )A.杠杆原理法B.偏心压力法C.铰接板（梁）法D.刚接梁法7桥台计算时，车辆布载可按_布置。( )A.车辆荷载仅
6、布置在台后填土的破坏棱体上B.车辆荷载仅布置在桥跨结构上C.车辆荷载同时布置在桥跨结构和破坏棱体上D.A、B、C都正确8在桥墩计算中，对装配式预应力空心桥墩所施加的预应力应列为_荷载。( )A.永久B.基本可变C.其他可变D.偶然二、填空题(本大题共6小题，每空1分，共16分)请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。错填、不填均无分。1钢筋混凝土构件除了可能由于强度破坏或失稳等原因达到承载能力极限状态以外，还可能由于构件_和_影响了构件的适用性和耐久性。2预压力Ny所产生的反弯矩，不仅与Ny大小有关，而且与Ny_有关，因此在预应力简支梁设计中，为了使预压力Ny所产生的反弯矩与外荷载产生的正弯矩相抵消，
7、如保持预压力Ny不变，通常通过_的形式来实现。3梁式桥支座的类型主要有_、_、_和_。4连续梁及悬臂梁配筋的特点是受力主筋的布置要满足正、负弯矩的要求。在悬臂部分和支点附近是负弯矩区，主筋要布置在梁的_。跨中部分承受正弯矩，主筋应布置在梁的_；在正负弯矩过渡区，两个方向的弯矩都可能发生，因此_均要布置适量的钢筋。梁内抵抗主拉应力的斜筋，可以由上下部主筋_形成。5钢筋混凝土偏心受压随着偏心距的大小及纵向钢筋配筋情况不同，主要的破坏形式：_和_。6对于后张法构件，在灌浆前恒载产生的应力应按混凝土_截面计算；孔道灌浆并结硬后，外加荷载产生的应力则可按_截面计算。三、简答题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分
8、，共30分)1试叙述预应力混凝土结构的基本原理。2大跨度桥梁设计程序中包含哪两个阶段？试简述各阶段所包含的主要内容。3荷载横向分布系数的物理意义。至少列举三种求解横向分布系数的方法，并简述他们各自的适用场合。4简述选择拱肋拱轴线的原则及理想拱轴线的含义。5布置多跨梁桥的固定支座和活动支座时一般要考虑哪些原则？一、单项选择题(本大题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1一座跨径为90m，行车道宽度为9m的桥梁，当用平板挂车（整车长8.4m）布载时，最多可布置_辆平板挂车。（ ）A1B.2C.3D
9、.42桥面应设置横坡，以利排水。横坡一般可以设置在（ ）A墩台上B.铺装层采用混凝土三角垫层C.桥道板上D.以上都正确3桥梁设计时主梁配筋多少及布置位置最主要依据是（ ）A跨中截面的最不利内力组合B.各截面的基本组合内力C.截面的内力包络图D.截面的束界4无铰拱出现拱脚负弯距过大，而拱顶正弯距过大时，可采取_调整拱圈应力。（ ）A假载法B.临时铰法C.千斤顶法D.改变拱轴线5按照不同的静力图式，主拱圈可做成_、_和_。（ ）A圆弧、抛物线、悬链线B.圬工、钢筋混凝土、钢C.三铰拱、无铰拱、二铰拱D.板、肋、箱形6与普通钢筋混凝土拉杆相比，预应力拉杆具有独特的优点，下列哪项是不符合预应力拉杆构件
10、的特点的?（ ）A抗裂性好B.抗腐蚀性好C.充分利用高强钢材的强度D.构件的稳定极限承载力得到了提高7钢筋混凝土适筋梁在受弯破坏全过程中，其中和轴的位置（ ）A保持不变B.向上升高C.向下降低D.难以确定8对于先张法和后张法预应力混凝土构件，在放张时的反拱度计算时应分别采用_惯性矩。（ ）A净截面、净截面B.换算截面、换算截面C.净截面、换算截面D.换算截面、净截面二、判断题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“”，错的打“”。1栏杆属于桥梁的次要构件，因此在变形缝处无需设置贯通全桥宽度的伸变形缝。（ ）2按照桁架拱桥计算基本假定，桁架拱的结点为理想铰结，
11、则桁架拱中所有杆件均为轴向受力杆件。（ ）3对于一般小跨径的钢筋混凝土桥梁，当恒载和静活载两者所产生的下挠度之和不超过L/1600时，可以不设预拱度。（ ）4横隔梁在装配式梁桥中的作用是保证各主梁相互连结成整体。（ ）5在持续高应力的作用下，如长度和温度保持不变，钢材的应力随时间增长而降低的现象称为钢材的徐变。（ ）6混凝土轴心抗压强度一般要大于立方体抗压强度。（ ）7受弯构件所规定的最小配筋率是为了防止构件发生脆性破坏。（ ）8徐变是混凝土构件相当重要的一个特性，加载龄期越短，加载应力越大，同一时刻混凝土徐变量越大。（ ）三、简答题(本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分)1.影响混凝土结构裂
12、缝宽度的因素有哪些？2偏心受压构件的正截面有哪几种破坏形态？试从破坏原因和破坏特征加以说明。3与普通钢筋混凝土结构相比，预应力混凝土结构在受力特性方面具有哪些突出的优点？4桩柱式桥墩的盖梁计算采取什么计算图式（分情形叙述）？5空腹式拱桥拱上建筑腹孔的常用型式有哪几种？各有何特点及其适用范围？四、计算题（本大题共2小题，第1小题20分，第2小题10分，共30分）1某一跨径为30m的装配式钢筋混凝土简支T梁桥，纵、横桥向布置如图1、2所示，各主梁抗弯惯矩I相等。试计算在图3所示的车道荷载作用下，2#梁跨中的最大弯矩和支点最大剪力,计算中冲击系数取0.15，车道按两车道计算。提示：车道荷载的横向分布
13、系数按图3(b)所示横向车轮示意进行。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading
14、 into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby Leag
15、ue International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with
16、the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and w
17、ill attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings aga
18、inst CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian sid
19、e added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with
20、no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher tha
21、n the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly s
22、tep out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try
23、 they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even
24、contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnath
25、an Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.9