电大工程力学(本科)期末复习考试小抄.doc

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1、一、选择题参考答案1静定结构由于温度变化,(A )A发生变形和位移 B不发生变形和位移C不发生变形,但产生位移 D发生变形,但不产生位移2图示结构AB杆件A截面的弯矩等于( B )A 0 B 上侧受拉C 下侧受拉 D 下侧受拉3静定结构产生内力的原因有( A )A荷载作用 B支座位移 C温度变化 D制造误差4超静定结构产生内力的原因有( D )A荷载作用与温度变化 B支座位移 C制造误差 D以上四种原因5结构位移计算公式利用什么原理推导的:( C)A位移互等原理B虚位移原理C虚功原理 D反力互等原理6机动法作静定梁影响线的理论依据是(B )A虚力原理 B虚位移原理C位移互等定理D叠加原理7机动

2、法作静定梁影响线应用的原理为(C)A 变形体虚功原理B 互等定理C刚体虚功原理 D叠加原理8根据影响线的定义,图示悬臂梁A截面的剪力影响线在B点的纵坐标为 ( A ) A 1 B -4 C 4 D -1 9简支梁某截面K弯矩影响纵坐标yK的物理意义是(C)。A单位荷载的位置B截面K的位置C截面K的弯矩 D A、C同时满足 10 影响线的横坐标是( D )。A固定荷载的位置 B移动荷载的位置C截面的位置 D单位移动荷载的位置11 静定结构内力与反力影响线的形状特征是( A )。A直线段组成 B曲线段组成C直线曲线混合 D二次抛物线12静定结构反力与内力的影响线形状特征是(A )A直线段组成 B

3、曲线段组成C直线曲线混合 D变形体虚位移图13同一结构,不考虑阻尼时的自振频率为,考虑阻尼时的自振频率为D,则(C)A B C D 与的关系不确定14在图示结构中,使体系自振频率减小,可以(C )A减小B减小mC减小EID减小l15在图示结构中,为使体系自振频率增大,可以(C )A增大B增大mC增大EID增大l16图示a、b两体系的EI相同,其自振频率与的关系为 ( D )。A 不确定 B C D 17图示结构中,除横梁外,各杆件EI = 常数。质量集中在横梁上,不考虑杆件的轴向变形,则体系振动的自由度数为(A) A1 B2 18.图示振动体系的自由度数目为( A )A1 B2C 3 D419

4、不考虑杆件的轴向变形,下图所示体系的振动自由度为(A )。A 1 B 2 C 3 D 420反映结构动力特性的重要物理参数是( C )。A初相角 B初位移C自振频率 D振幅21.在动力计算中,体系自由度数N与质点个数M(D )A总是相等BN总是大于M C M总是大于ND不确定 22图示简支梁中间截面的弯矩为( A )A B C D 23一般情况下结点的不平衡力矩等于(D )A固端弯矩 B传递弯矩C分配弯矩 D附加刚臂中的约束反力矩24用力矩分配法计算结构得到一个收敛的结果,是因为( C )。A分配系数小于1 B传递系数绝对值小于1C结点上有外力矩作用 D A和B同时满足25用力矩分配法计算时,

5、结点的不平衡力矩等于(D )。A固端弯矩 B传递弯矩C分配弯矩 D附加刚臂中的约束反力矩26图示结构杆件BC的B端转动刚度为( D) 。A2B4C6D827超静定结构在荷载作用下产生的内力与刚度( B )A 无关 B 相对值有关 C 绝对值有关 D 相对值绝对值都有关28超静定结构的超静定次数等于结构中(B )A约束的数目 B多余约束的数目C结点数 D杆件数29 用位移法计算超静定结构,其基本未知量的数目等于( D )A超静定次数 B刚结点数目C线位移数目 D独立的结点位移数目30位移法典型方程的物理意义是( A )A附加约束上的平衡方程 B附加约束上的位移条件C外力与内力的关系 D反力互等定

6、理31 用位移法解超静定结构其基本未知量的数目( A )A与结构所受的作用有关 B与多余约束的数目有关C与结点数有关 D与杆件数有关32图示超静定结构独立结点角位移的个数是( B )A 2 B 3 C 4 D 533用位移法计算图示各结构,基本未知量是两个的结构为( C)。 A B C D34用位移法求解图示结构时,基本未知量的个数是( B )。A 2 B 3 C 4 D 535用位移法计算超静定刚架时,独立的结点角位移数等于( B )A铰结点数 B刚结点数C多余约束数 D不确定36力法典型方程是根据以下哪个条件得到的( C )。A结构的平衡条件 B结构的物理条件 C多余约束处的位移协调条件

7、D同时满足A、B两个条件37力法典型方程中的系数代表基本结构在( C)。A 作用下产生的方向的位移 B 作用下产生的方向的位移 C 作用下产生的方向的位移 D 作用下产生的方向的位移38.用力法求解图示结构时,基本未知量的个数是( B )A 5 B 6 C 7 D 839求图示梁铰B左侧截面的转角时,其虚设力状态应取图( C )A B C D 40图示对称结构EI = 常 数 ,对称轴穿过的截面C内力应满足(B) C3 D 441图示对称结构杆件EI为常量,利用对称性简化后的一半结构为( C )。 A B C D42.对称结构在正对称荷载作用下( C ) A. 弯矩图反对称 B. 轴力图反对称

8、 C. 剪力图反对称 D. 剪力图正对称二、判断题参考答案1.图示为刚架的虚设力状态,按此力状态及位移计算公式可求出A处的转角。( )2.图示为梁的虚设力状态,按此力状态及位移计算公式可求出AB两点的相对线位移。( )3图示悬臂梁截面A的弯矩值是ql2。()4图示梁AB在所示荷载作用下A截面的弯矩值为。( )5桁架结构在结点荷载作用下,杆内只有剪力。( )6在桁架结构中,杆件内力不是只有轴力。( )7图示桁架结构中不包括支座链杆,有5个杆件轴力为0 。()8依据静力平衡条件可对静定结构进行受力分析,这样的分析结果是唯一正确的结果。( )9支座移动时静定结构发生的是刚体位移。( )10在温度变化

9、或支座位移的作用下,静定结构有内力产生 。( )11当结构中某个杆件的EI为无穷大时,其含义是这个杆件无弯曲变形。()12静定多跨梁中基本部分、附属部分的划分与所承受的荷载无关。( )13静定多跨梁中基本部分、附属部分的划分与杆件的刚度有关。( )14基本附属型结构的计算顺序是:先计算附属部分后计算基本部分。( )15一般来说静定多跨梁的计算顺序是,先基本部分后附属部分。( )16图示结构的超静定次数是n=3。 ( ) 17.超静定结构的力法基本结构是唯一的。()18.超静定结构的内力状态与刚度有关。( )19.用力法解超静定结构时,选取的基本结构是唯一的。 ( )20.计算超静定结构的位移时

10、,虚设力状态可以在力法的基本结构上设。( )21力法典型方程的等号右端项不一定为0。( )22.位移法典型方程中的自由项是外因作用下附加约束上的反力。( )23用位移法解超静定结构时,附加刚臂上的反力矩是利用结点平衡求得的。( )24位移法的基本结构不是唯一的。 ( )25超静定结构由于支座位移可以产生内力。 ( )26用力矩分配法计算结构时,汇交于每一结点各杆端分配系数总和为1,则表明分配系数的计算无错误。( ) 27用力矩分配法计算结构时,结点各杆端力矩分配系数与该杆端的转动刚度成正比。()28力矩分配法适用于所有超静定结构的计算。( )29在力矩分配法中,当远端为定向支座时,其传递系数为

11、1 。 ( )30当AB杆件刚度系数时,杆件的B端为定向支座。( )31图示结构A截面弯矩影响线在A处的竖标为l。 ( )32图示结构影响线的 AC 段纵标为零 。()33静定结构弯矩影响线是由直线段组成的。( )34影响线的横坐标是单位荷载的位置。( )35.图a为一对称结构作用对称荷载,利用对称性简化的半边结构如图b所示。( ) (a) (b)36图(a)对称结构利用对称性可简化为图(b)来计算。( ) (a) (b)37在结构动力计算中,两质点的振动体系,其振动自由度一定为2。 ( )38反映结构动力特性的参数是振动质点的振幅。( )39结构的自振频率与结构中某杆件的刚度无关。()40干

12、扰力只影响振动质点振幅,不影响结构的自振频率。 ()41由于弱阻尼,结构的自由振动不会衰减。 ()42弱阻尼自由振动是一个衰减振动。( )三、计算机题及参考答案1.用力法计算图示结构,作弯矩图。EI=常数。 参考答案:(1) 一次超静定,基本体系和基本未知量,如图(a)所示。 (2) 列力法方程 (3) 作图,见图(b) 作图,见图(c) (4) 计算d11、D1P(kN) (a) (b) (c)(5) 作图 2.用力法计算图示结构并作弯矩图,EI=常数。 参考答案: 基本体系及未知量如图(a)所示。 图如图(b)所示。 图如图(c)所示。 作后弯矩图如图(d)所示。 (a)基本体系 (b)

13、(c) (d)M图(/7) , 3、用力法计算图示结构,并画 M 图,EI=常数。 参考答案: 利用对称性结构简化为如图(a)所示。 作出一半刚架弯矩图如图(b)所示。 作后弯矩图如图(c)所示。 (a) (b) (c)4、力法解图示结构,并作弯矩图。杆件EI为常数。参考答案: 利用对称性荷载分组如图(a)、(b)所示。 图(a)简化一半刚架如图(c)所示。 一半刚架弯矩图如图(d)所示。 作后弯矩图如图(f)所示。 (a) (b) (c) (d) (f)5、用位移法计算图示刚架,求出系数项和自由项。 参考答案: 基本体系 6、用位移法计算图示刚架,求出系数项及自由项。EI=常数。 参考答案:

14、 基本体系 典型方程 7、用位移法计算图示连续梁,列出位移法方程,求出系数项和自由项。EI=常数。 参考答案: 基本体系 典型方程 8、用位移法计算图示刚架。已知基本结构如下图所示,求系数项和自由项。 参考答案: 典型方程 ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with th

15、e disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underFur ther help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is sti

16、ll a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed underF

17、urther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seeDismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you

18、 as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i.

19、 If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as adamages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your so

20、licitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensationif you win the case. You are clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, c

21、lick onnearest CAB. For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeEmployment tribunals. The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will

22、 attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings ag

23、ainst CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win. Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions. CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian

24、side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days

25、, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子;或许是追溯过去,对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟,这些天以来,思绪一直很凌乱,在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得

26、自己似乎应该去做点什么,或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅,突然就感觉到有些事情,非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are opti

27、onal; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice

28、can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance. Baumgart

29、ner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of

30、 the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the bound

31、ary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but althoug

32、h we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时,我们常常会关上心门;世界不仅没能慰藉我们,反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生,以此试图忘却伤痛,可就算隐藏得再好,最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此,何不尝试打开心门,拥抱生活中的各种可能,让世界感化我们呢? Whenever we start to

33、let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时,我们应该退后一步,重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to

34、embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something

35、that passes through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时,别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦,试着拥抱它吧;当悲伤来袭时,试着深呼吸,然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤,悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪,我们却固执地耿耿于怀By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸,生活停滞;呼出呼吸,更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。

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