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1、1 PipePhase高级培训第二部分： 段塞流和清管的计算 PIPEPHASE Slug and Pigging Models 秦云锋秦云锋 M: 159 2100 6157 E: 2 持液量和持液率 IPS Confidential 有关两相流的定义 L A G A ? 持液量 ? 持液率 ? 无滑移的持液率(vL= vG) ? 实际体积分率流量分率 H A AA L L LG = + H q qq LNS L LG = + V = VG+ VL A = AG+ AL 4 持液率的算例 ?Total Liquid Holdup为整个Link中液塞的总量。 ?ACM表示Actual Cub
2、ic Meter Name Devi ce Type Devi ce Seg No Slip Liquid Holdup Slip Liquid Holdup Total Liquid Holdup Name Devi ce Type Devi ce Seg No Slip Liquid Holdup Slip Liquid Holdup Total Liquid Holdup ACMACM P016PIPE Seg 60.0000.0000.000 P016PIPE Outle0.0000.0000.000 B006BEND Inlet 0.000 B006BEND Outlet 0.000
3、 P023PIPE Inlet 0.000 P023PIPE Seg 10.0000.0180.232 P023PIPE Seg 20.0000.0260.575 P023PIPE Seg 30.0000.0331.005 P023PIPE Seg 40.0010.0391.511 P023PIPE Seg 50.0010.0442.085 P023PIPE Outle0.0010.0492.644 Holdup and Velocity Report - Base CaseHoldup and Velocity Report - Base Case Seg 5的液体总量0.559339271
4、341827 m3 液相面积0.012693752 m2 管道横截面积0.259309724 m2 持液量0.048952085 H A AA L L LG = + = 2.644 - 2.085 = (2.644 - 2.085)/Seg5的长度= 1/4 * Pai * ID2 ID= 574.6 mm; Seg 5 = 44.064 m 5 流型图 IPS Confidential 6 Taitel-Dukler-Barnea流态图 Flow Pattern Map ?图形随倾角变化而不同 1.00 0.10 0.01 10.0 75.0 0.11.010.0900.0100.0 Int
5、ermittent Annular Stratified Wavy Stratified Smooth Bubbly vSL(ft/sec) vSG(ft/sec) Fluid Flow Basics Slug Analysis Duns and Ros 流态图 ? 仅适用于竖直管线 NGV 1 110 10 -1 10 2 10 -1 10 3 10 10 2 NLV Bubble Flow Plug Flow Slug Flow Region I Region II Froth Flow Region III Transition Mist Flow Ansari 流态图 1 110 10
6、 -1 10 2 10 -1 10 10 2 Superficial Liquid Velocity (m/s) Superficial Gas Velocity A C B D D BARNEA TRANSITION BUBBLY DISPERSED BUBBLE SLUG OR CHURN ANNULAR 竖直向上 9 如何在报告中查看？ ?Demo-VerticalFlow TDB流型图 Corr Name Devi ce Type Device Seg Flow Regime Corr / T-D Name Devi ce Type Device Seg Flow Regime Cor
7、r / T-D E001EXPA Inlet - - E001EXPA Outlet DIST ANNU B001BEND Inlet - - B001BEND Outlet INTR ANNU V001VALV Inlet - - V001VALV Outlet INTR ANNU P001PIPE Inlet INTR ANNU P001PIPE Seg 1 SLUG ANNU P001PIPE Seg 2 SLUG ANNU P001PIPE Seg 3 SLUG ANNU P001PIPE Seg 4 SLUG ANNU P001PIPE Seg 5 SLUG ANNU P001PIP
8、E Outlet SLUG ANNU Duns and Ros 10 段塞流分析 IPS Confidential 11 段塞流分析模型 PIPEPHASE Slug Analysis Modeling ?Link Summary中清管球生成体积 Sphere Generated Volume in Link Summary ?TDB流型图 Taitel-Dukler-Barnea Flow Regime Map ?段塞可能性报告 Slug Probability Report ?清管球模型和报告 Sphering / Pigging Model and Report Slug Analysi
9、s 12 Sphere Generated Volume ?Link Summary中的Holdup 整个Link中液相总量（平均条件平均条件） ?基于Slip Holdup计算的清管生成体积 在出口条件下出口条件下闪蒸算出的Link中总液相量 ?基于（HL-HLNS）计算的清管生成体积 考虑气液相滑移，在Link中的液相在出口条件下闪蒸的结果 is the volume of the liquid staying back in the link due to the slip between the phases, flashed at the outlet conditions of t
10、he link. ?如果Link清管： 实际液塞体积在基于HL和基于HL-HLNS计算的液相体积之间 前者为上限、后者为下限 Slug Analysis 13 LINK SUMMARY RATE, PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE SUMMARY - FROM(F) AND TO(T) -ACTUAL FLOW RATES*-PRESS: -HOLDUP*- LINK NODE GAS OIL WATER PRESS: DROP TEMP: GAS LIQ (MMCFHR) (CFHR) (CFHR) (PSIA) (PSIA) (F) (MM (AFT3) SCF) - -
11、- - - - - - - - LINK Q012(F) 0.03366 79.26 0.00 350.0* 120.0 SINK(T) 0.04176 119.50 0.00 253.5 96.5 67.1 0.3575 949. SPHERE GENERATED VOLUME (BASED ON HL) = 941.0 SPHERE GENERATED VOLUME (BASED ON (HL-HLNS)= 885.1 * - INDICATES KNOWN PRESSURE * REPORTED VOLUME AT 14.7 PSIA AND 60 F (GAS ONLY) * RATE
12、 REPORTED AT ACTUAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE CONDITIONS Link Summary Report Example Slug Analysis 14 Taitel-Dukler-Barnea流态图 Flow Pattern Map ?预测流态 应和Slug Report共同使用 Allows the engineer to determine the flow regime in the pipeline. This in conjunction with the slugging report can improve his confide
13、nce in the simulation results. ?如果流体图预测出段塞流，则需要仔细 查看Slug Report If the flow pattern predicts slug flow, then the results of the slugging report can be taken very seriously. ?而如果流态图没有预测出段塞流，则一 般无需再看Slug Report On the other hand, if the flow pattern predicts stratified flow, then the slugging report c
14、an be largely ignored. Slug Analysis 15 Taitel-Dukler-Barnea流态图 Flow Pattern Map ?图形随倾角变化而不同 Maps change according to orientation angle 1.00 0.10 0.01 10.0 75.0 0.11.010.0900.0100.0 Intermittent Annular Stratified Wavy Stratified Smooth Bubbly vSL(ft/sec) vSG(ft/sec) Fluid Flow Basics Slug Analysis
15、16 PipePhase如何预测段塞流？ ? PipePhase稳态模型中有三个基于统计学的模型： Brill、Scott、Norris，但使用有前提： 只对一个Link的模型中生成该报告（一个Source和一个Sink的 模型） 流体处于两相流； 最后一个单元是Pipe； 该模型预测的是自然段塞流，对由于地形导致的段塞流和强烈 段塞流不能预测，需要TACITE瞬态模块； 17 段塞可能性报告Slug Probability Report ?在GeneralPrint Options中将 Link Slug Report选上 Turn on the Link Slug Report featu
16、re under GeneralPrint Options ?三种方法 Brill NORRIS SCOTT ?结果在Slug Sizing and Slug Delivery Model Report中显示 Results reported in the Slug Sizing and Slug Delivery Model Report Slug Analysis 18 关于三种段塞流计算方法 ?BRILL 最早的方法 假设段塞流的大小是流体流速和管径的函数 用BRILL方法预测段塞流大小并用SCOTT方法预测段塞流的 发展 ?NORRIS Exxon公司开发的 假设段塞流大小仅仅是管径的
17、函数 用NORRIS方法预测段塞流大小并用SCOTT方法预测段塞流 发展 ?SCOTT SCOTT本人的博士论文 和NORRIS方法相同但增加了段塞发展的概念 用SCOTT方法预测段塞流大小及其发展 19 Slug Report的应用 Slug Report Application ?所有方法仅对管线倾角在5度范围内比 较好，并且仅适用于自然段塞流 All options are only good for elevation changes within 5 degree horizontal and just for natural slugging ?这些模型均不检测管线是否存在段塞 T
18、he statistical slug model does not check if slug flow conditions exist in the pipeline or not. ?用户自己通过TDB流态图判断 The user needs to independently check if slugging conditions do exist (use the Taitel-Dukler-Barnea flow pattern map). ?如果存在段塞则预测其长度 It predicts slug sizes if slug flow was occurring. Slug
19、Analysis 20 基于Slug Report的段塞捕集器计算 Slug Catcher Sizing Based on Slug Report ?需要报告中提供的参数 Link中最后一根管道的内径 液塞传递时间Liquid slug deliver time (t) Use 99.9999 percentile slug value 段塞长度Slug length (L) Use 99.86 or 99.99 percent probability value 段塞气泡流速Slug delivery gas bobble velocity (v) ?计算公式 用Slug长度和管内径 V
20、= * * (ID)2 * L 用气泡流速和液塞传递时间 V = * * (ID)2 * v * t Slug Analysis 21 Slug Probability Report SLUG SIZING AND SLUG DELIVERY MODEL (BRILL ET AL) - PREDICTED MEAN SLUG LENGTH = 434.0 FT THE PREDICTED MAX SLUG LENGTH FROM CORRELATION IS TOO LARGE ADJUSTED MEAN SLUG LENGTH = 163.6 FT 84.1300 PERCENT PROBA
21、BILITY THAT SLUG LENGTH IS .LE. 269.7 FT 97.7200 PERCENT PROBABILITY THAT SLUG LENGTH IS .LE. 444.6 FT 99.8600 PERCENT PROBABILITY THAT SLUG LENGTH IS .LE. 729.2 FT 99.9900 PERCENT PROBABILITY THAT SLUG LENGTH IS .LE. 1050.4 FT 99.9999 PERCENT PROBABILITY THAT SLUG LENGTH IS .LE. 1761.5 FT SLUG DELI
22、VERY - THE GAS BUBBLE VELOCITY IS = 17.9 FT/SEC THE LIQUID FILM VELOCITY IS = 1.1 FT/SEC THE GAS VELOCITY IS = 16.8 FT/SEC Slug Analysis 22 Slug Probability Report (Contd) 50.0000 PERCENTILE SLUG - THE LIQUID SLUG DELIVERY TIME IS= 9.12 SECS SLUG DELIVERY MODEL NOT APPLICABLE 84.1300 PERCENTILE SLUG
23、 - THE LIQUID SLUG DELIVERY TIME IS= 15.04 SECS SLUG DELIVERY MODEL NOT APPLICABLE 97.7200 PERCENTILE SLUG - THE LIQUID SLUG DELIVERY TIME IS= 24.79 SECS SLUG DELIVERY MODEL NOT APPLICABLE 99.8600 PERCENTILE SLUG - THE LIQUID SLUG DELIVERY TIME IS= 40.67 SECS SLUG DELIVERY MODEL NOT APPLICABLE 99.99
24、00 PERCENTILE SLUG - THE LIQUID SLUG DELIVERY TIME IS= 58.58 SECS SLUG DELIVERY MODEL NOT APPLICABLE 99.9999 PERCENTILE SLUG - THE LIQUID SLUG DELIVERY TIME IS= 98.25 SECS SLUG DELIVERY MODEL NOT APPLICABLE Slug Analysis 23 Slug Probability Report (Contd) * NOTE: THE STATISTICAL SLUG MODEL IS APPLIC
25、ABLE IF THE DOWN STREAM END OF THE PIPELINE IS HORIZONTAL OR NEAR HORIZONTAL AND IF UPSTREAM TERRAIN EFFECTS ARE NOT FELT AT THE DELIVERY POINT (END OF THE PIPELINE) IF SLUG OCCURRING REGION IS LESS THAN 3948.424 FT SLUG LENGTHS WILL BE SMALLER THAN PREDICTED BY MODEL SEVERE SLUGGING CALCULATIONS -
26、SEVERE SLUGGING GROUP NUMBER = 7.603 EXPECTED SLUG LENGTH = 0.000 FT * NOTE: SEVERE SLUGGING GROUP NUMBER ANALYSIS IS VALID ONLY IF A PREDOMINANTLY DOWNWARD SLOPING PIPELINE IS FOLLOWED BY A VERTICAL UPWARD PIPE AT THE END OF THE LINK Slug Analysis 24 清管分析 IPS Confidential 25 PIPEPHASE Sphering/Pigg
27、ing Model Slug Analysis ?模型 Barua-modified-McDonald-Baker (MB)清管模型 连续稳态模型 ?四个流动区域 重新建立的两相流区 气相区 液塞区 未接触的两相流区 ?假设清管球发射后管道入口流量保持恒定 26 Sphering/Pigging Model Scheme Undisturbed Two- Phase Flow Zone Flow Re-established Two-Phase Flow Zone Liquid Slug Zone Two-Phase Pipeline Flow with Spheres Flow Normal
28、 Two-Phase Flow (Stratified) Gas Zone Slug Analysis 27 Sphering/Pigging Model Specification Slug Analysis ?清管模型计算 压力剖面时间 每个区域的长度时间 清管球位置时间 段塞传递速度 段塞传递所需时间 重新建立稳态所需的时间 ?允许多个清管球 第一个清管球需在第一个Pipe的入口处 ?清管球的直径 必须在第一个Pipe中规定 下游如若发射清管球，则在相应Pipe中规定 28 Re-established and Gas Zone Report INLET -RE-EST: FLOW ZO
29、NE- -SPHERE- -BEHIND SPHERE- PRESS: FLOW TIME PRES: DISTANCE PRESS: TEMP: DISTANCE DROP PRESS:TEMP: RATE (SECS) (PSIA) (FT) (PSIA) (F) (FT) (PSIA) (PSIA)(F) (LBHR) - - - - - - - - - - SPHERE NUMBER 1 LAUNCHED FROM STATION 1 19.0 360.4 32.1 360.3 119.9 494.3 8.5 359.5 118.4 41371. 38.0 361.7 64.1 361
30、.5 119.8 984.7 8.5 359.8 116.7 41371. 57.0 361.7 96.1 361.4 119.7 1475.1 8.5 358.8 115.1 41371. SPHERE NUMBER 2 LAUNCHED FROM STATION 2 437.0 384.9 717.1 382.9 117.6 10576.1 26.3 364.3 92.6 41371. 456.0 391.9 741.8 389.9 117.5 10814.4 26.3 371.3 92.2 41371. 475.0 391.9 772.8 389.8 117.4 11266.3 26.3
31、 370.5 91.5 41371. 1786.0 360.3 29538.3 286.8 71.1 38339.1 10.4 284.5 67.8 38584. 1805.0 360.3 29569.4 286.7 71.1 38591.9 10.4 284.4 67.7 38582. 1814.5 360.3 29584.9 286.7 71.1 38718.3 10.4 284.4 67.7 38580. Slug Analysis 29 Slug Zone Report -SLUG ZONE- SLUG SLUG SLUG SLUG EDGE PRESS: EDGE TIME VELO
32、: LENGTH PRESS: DROP DISTANCE (SECS) (FPS) (FT) (PSIA) (PSIA) (FT) - - - - - - 19.0 26.20 20.1 346.5 4.5 514.4 38.0 26.09 40.0 345.6 5.7 1024.6 57.0 26.10 59.7 343.4 6.9 1534.8 76.0 25.99 79.3 342.6 8.1 2038.8 95.0 25.99 99.5 340.4 9.4 2549.0 114.0 25.89 119.3 339.5 10.5 3048.1 1729.0 13.86 2597.3 2
33、53.1 21.4 40178.9 1748.0 13.86 2626.8 252.8 21.6 40460.7 1767.0 13.86 2656.3 252.5 21.8 40742.7 1786.0 13.87 2685.8 252.2 22.0 41024.9 1805.0 13.87 2715.4 251.9 22.2 41307.3 1814.5 13.87 2730.3 251.7 22.3 41448.6 Slug Analysis 30 Slug Delivery Report SLUG DELIVERY - PRESS: SLUG SPHERE BEHIND TIME VE
34、LOCITY VELOCITY SPHERE (SECS) (FPS) (FPS) (PSIA) - - - - 9.8 13.87 13.87 274.6 19.7 13.87 13.87 273.5 29.5 13.90 13.90 272.4 39.3 13.96 13.96 271.6 49.0 14.01 14.01 270.6 163.1 14.70 14.70 257.3 172.4 14.77 14.77 256.1 181.6 14.84 14.84 254.8 SLUG DELIVERY TAKES 181.6 SECS. Slug Analysis 31 Undistur
35、bed Zone Report STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 1996.08 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 2156.16 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 2316.24 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 2476.32 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 2636.40 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED
36、 YET. TIME IS 2796.48 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 30490.17 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 30650.25 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 30810.33 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 30970.41 SECS. STEADY STATE NOT REACHED YET. TIME IS 31130.49 SECS. STEADY STATE FLOW IS RE-ESTABLISHED AFTER 31290.6 SECS AFTER SPHERE IS LAUNCHED Slug Analysis 32 Exercise 3: Exercise 3: Pipeline Pipeline SpheringSphering