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1、 题目： 国内商业银行国际贸易融资风险浅析英文文献：Along with Chinas foreign trade and WTO, the amount and range will expand rapidly, foreign trade body, to multi-level international trade settlement tool will present diversified and new business, and international trade financing will also showing unprecedented diversity a
2、nd complexity and specialization, the potential risk of growing and change. For our country commercial bank, how to grasp the opportunity to expand the international trade finance, LanShou international settlement business, the maximum gain financing efficiency and middle income, simultaneously, and
3、 business to effectively prevent and control the financing risk, is worth particular concern.To analyze the current situationCurrently our country commercial bank financing business operation management more extensive, not entirely build various financing business strict standards and norms of busin
4、ess operation. International finance business to exempt deposit issuing, export and import and export trade loan package basic form, and like the international factoring and blessing FeiTing etc, more complex business accounts. International trade finance business and markets provide space is compar
5、ed. With Chinas accession to the WTO and the economic reform deeply, in order to cope with the challenges in China, foreign Banks to system of commercial Banks and operation mechanism is doing a shake-up adjustment, step by step to international trade finance business of funds. Therefore, we must fo
6、reign experiences and lessons of the international trade finance, with the reality of our country, the thorough analysis of international trade finance risk causes, hinder the our country international trade finance the crux of the development.1 the importance of financing business risks and know no
7、t.Chinas commercial Banks in terms of the structure of business, international trade finance, together with smaller proportion of international business not familiar with, unlike domestic business, therefore, though as handy for international trade financing in international business in an increasin
8、gly important role in understanding, but have to improve bank financing in international trade can profitForce, optimize the quality of loan assets, etc, to the function of international trade is offered by the urgency of financing is not enough attention, to carry out specific means of correspondin
9、g measures, inadequate although these international trade finance business development in China, but compared with economic internationalization, there is considerable difference. Have the number of Banks to international trade finance management business without thorough understanding of the basic
10、departments, related experience, effective cooperation and support various financing business development and management. Because of this, the international trade financing risk generally know more superficial, international trade financing need not actual use funds, only lent documents or l/c from
11、the customer can earn commissions and financing interest, is zero risk, which led directly to the middle 1990s, the formation of DianKuan credit bank non-performing assets, Two is when problems arise, and after that international trade finance risk, and measures taken to international trade finance
12、credit loans, than the general approval for a long time, restrict the development of the business.2 Banks internal lack of effective prevention management system, risk control method.International trade financing risk management needs to establish perfect management system, the use of advanced techn
13、ology for the operation of each link, monitor and coordination between the bank and the relevant departments of the synergy between branch. But now our bank in foreign exchange business processing procedure is comparatively backward, different between different departments, and those between indepen
14、dent operation, lack of business network resources sharing, lack of management, and coordinated resource sharing cannot be achieved, risk control, the purpose. Such as financing for a department of international business operation of credit risk control, risk control and business development, risk c
15、ontrol, appear already the lack of banks internal control and risk professional interdependent. Facing China import and export enterprise general operating losses, with lots of bad debt and bank of objective reality of bank financing trade lurk huge risk.3 financing business competition damage risk
16、management standards.Our international trade financing time relative foreign shorter, the market is not mature, various constraint mechanism is not perfect, commercial bank for international settlement with the fierce competition of business, Banks, and a single form of business for more market shar
17、e, scrambling to attract customers, the favorable conditions for enterprise customer credit review and also more and more low, relax to trade financing risk control. For example, one bank reduced the charge issuing deposit rate. Some even take credit issuing, margin, Some deficiencies and guarantee
18、deposit or mortgage formalities under the condition of incomplete foreign open the usance l/c, etc, these practices destroyed risk management standards, and increased risk of bank financing business.4 lack of compound, the high-quality service personnel.Our country commercial bank in international t
19、rade finance business talent shortage, limited human resources management, and focus on the first branch in marketing agency, the less talent for business is bottlenecks. At the same time, the knowledge structure of talents. Because of the Banks are in the international business as independent busin
20、ess to business, the variety of international business department on the set for the international settlement and its joint financing business by the relevant personnel familiar with international settlement and lack only financial accounting and credit management industry knowledge, not from the en
21、terprise accounting information and management style accurate judgment and customer credit, international trade financing for the process each link not fully grasp, reduced international business product function and its effect on the market, the risk is lack of the powerful control.5 international
22、trade finance business is not perfect legal environment.International trade finance business involves the international financial instruments, goods, goods, mortgage, pledge, trust and security requirements of various laws, the rights and obligations of the behavior of a specific legal definition of
23、 financial legislation in China, but obviously lagging development of business. Some international trade finance common practice in our terms and the law is not yet adapted to regulate, for example, in the business of bank claims to the right goods and documents, the bank and its customer relationsh
24、ip between debt to import trade business, whether in a trust receipt, forward中文翻译： 伴随加入WTO，我国对外贸易的数量及范围将会迅速扩大，对外贸易的主体将向多层次扩展，国际贸易结算工具将呈现多样化且新业务不断推出，与之相应的国际贸易融资方式亦将呈现出前所未有的多样性、复杂性和专业化，其潜在的风险也在不断增长和变化。对于我国商业银行来讲，如何把握机遇，扩大国际贸易融资，揽收国际结算业务，最大限度获取融资效益和中间业务收益，同时，又要有效地防范和控制融资风险，是值得特别关注的问题。现状分析目前我国商业银行融资业务操作
25、管理较粗放，还没有完全建立各种融资业务的严格标准和规范的业务操作流程。开展的国际融资业务以减免保证金开证、出口打包放款、进出口押汇等基本形式为主，而像国际保理和福费廷等较复杂的业务所占比重较小。国际贸易融资业务量与市场提供的空间相比很不协调。随着我国加入WTO 和经济改革的深入，为了应对国外银行的挑战，我国商业银行对体制和经营机制也在做大刀阔斧的改革调整，逐步加大对国际贸易融资业务的资金投入。因此，我们必须借鉴国外国际贸易融资的经验教训，结合我国实际，深入分析国际贸易融资风险成因，找出阻碍我国国际贸易融资发展的症结所在。 1对贸易融资业务的重要性和风险认识不够。就我国商业银行当前开展的业务结构
26、来看，国际贸易融资所占比重较小，加之对国际业务不熟悉，不像国内业务那样得心应手，因此，虽然对国际贸易融资在国际业务中日益重要的作用有一定认识，但对国际贸易融资在改善银行的盈利能力，优化信贷资产质量等方面的作用认识不够，对开办国际贸易融资的紧迫性是没有引起足够的重视，相应地落实到具体的手段措施上力度不够，虽然这些年国际贸易融资业务有所发展，但与我国经济国际化进程相比，有不小差距。有为数不少的银行管理人员对国际贸易融资业务没有深入的了解，相关的基层部门实际经验不足，不能有效配合和支持多种融资业务的发展和管理。正因为如此，对国际贸易融资业务的风险性普遍认识较为肤浅，国际贸易融资不需实际动用资金，只需
27、出借单据或开出信用证就可以从客户赚取手续费和融资利息，是零风险业务，这直接导致90年代中期大量信用证垫款形成的银行不良资产；二是当出现问题后，又认为国际贸易融资风险很大，采取的措施又导致国际贸易融资授信比一般贷款难，审批时间长，制约了该业务的发展。2银行内部缺乏有效的防范管理体系，风险控制手段落后。国际贸易融资业务的风险管理需要建立完备的管理体系，利用先进的技术手段对整个业务操作的各个环节进行监控管理，并协调银行相关部门之间及各分行之间的协同配合。而目前我国银行在外汇业务的处理程序方面较为落后，不同的分支行之间、不同的部门之间业务互相独立运行，缺少网络资源共享，缺乏统一协调的管理，以至无法达到
28、共享资源、监控风险、相互制约的目的。如融资业务由国际业务部一个部门承担信贷风险控制、业务操作风险控制和业务拓展，风险控制既显得乏力，又缺乏银行内部相互制约和风险专业控制。面对我国进出口企业普遍经营亏损，拥有大量不良银行债务的客观现实，银行的贸易融资潜伏着巨大的风险。3融资业务无序竞争破坏风险管理标准。我国开展国际贸易融资业务时间相对国外较短，市场尚不成熟，各种约束机制还不健全，随着商业银行国际结算业务竞争的日趋激烈，各家银行业务形式又较为单一，为争取更大的市场份额，竞相以优惠的条件吸引客户，对企业客户的资信审查和要求也越来越低，放松了对贸易融资风险的控制。例如有的银行降低了开证保证金的收取比例
29、；有的甚至采取授信开证，免收保证金；有的在保证金不足且担保或抵押手续不全的情况下对外开立远期信用证等等，这些做法破坏了风险管理的标准，加剧了银行贸易融资业务的风险。, 4缺乏复合型的高素质业务人员。我国商业银行在国际贸易融资业务方面的人才匮乏，有限的人才资源也集中在管理层，在一线各分支营销机构的人才就更少，对于业务的开展是一大瓶颈。同时，人才的知识结构单一。由于各家银行都是把国际业务当作独立的业务品种来经营，在机构设置上由国际业务部门负责国际结算和其连带的贸易融资业务这就造成相关从业人员只熟悉国际结算而缺乏财务核算和信贷管理等方面的业知识，无法从企业财务资料和经营作风准确判断和掌握客户资信，对
30、国际贸易融资的全过程的每一个环节没有充分的把握，降低了国际业务的产品功能和市场效果，对其风险也就缺乏了强有力的控制力度。5国际贸易融资业务的法律环境不完善。国际贸易融资业务涉及到国际金融票据、货权、货物的质押、抵押、担保、信托等等行为，要求法律上对各种行为的权利与责任有具体的法律界定，但是我国的金融立法明显滞后于业务的发展。有些国际贸易融资常用的术语和做法在我国的法律上还没有相应的规范，例如，押汇业务中银行对单据与货物的权利如何，银行与客户之间的债务关系如何，进口押汇业务中常用的信托收据是否有效，远期信用证业务中银行已经承兑的汇票是否可以由法院止付等等。在这样的法律环境下，国际贸易融资业务的风险大大增加。a