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1、读书破万卷下笔如有神 高考英语第二轮专项复习 短 文 改 错（1） “短文改错”题是各类考试中的一个重要题型。尽管该题难度不大，但仍有一些同学在做此类题目时不得要领， 因而得分甚少。结合高考试题，对“短文改错”题中的常见错误加以分析，从中找出命题者设置错误的规律并介绍 一些解题技巧。 一、 “短文改错”题中的常见错误类型 ( 一) 名词方面的错误 名词方面的错误多指名词单复数形式的误用，可数名词与不可数名词的错误，名词所有格中“ s”的误置等。 例如 : 1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 2. In summer,
2、the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful. 3. . you ve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. 4. . but she marked strictly on student s actual performance . ( 二) 动词方面的错误 动词错误在短文改错中所占比重最大，它所涉及的错误包括动词的时态、语态错误；易混动词的用法错误； 动词的第三人称单数错误；动词的非谓语形式，以及动词的句型搭配错误等。在
3、改错题中，动词方面的考查比例 较大。例如 : 1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . 2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. 3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill. 4. I ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport. ( 三) 形容词、副词方面的错
4、误 这类错误多指误用形容词修饰形容词，误用副词修饰名词，误用形容词修饰动词，误用形容词或副词的原级、 比较级和最高级以及误用带-ly 的副词与不带-ly 的副词等，特别注意根据上下文该用比较级而未用的“暗中比较”。 例如 : 1. They came back lately and had some tea. 2 you always gave me specially attention . 3. . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. 4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in you
5、r country is quite different from . 5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. 6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. ( 四) 连词方面的错误 短文改错中出现连词就要判断连词用的是否正确，是否符合句子意思；连接的是词还是句子，是否符合逻辑 关系。此外如果是平行结构就要注意前后时态、语态、词性一致问题平行结构常借助与并列连词and, or, but, not only but
6、 also , not but , either or , neither nor , as well as等， though 不与 but 连用， because不与 so 连用等。 1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 2. I became very active but made new friends. 读书破万卷下笔如有神 3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite. 4. W
7、hile they find fish come to the surface, they fly down immediately. 5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again. (五) 代词方面的错误 这类错误主要包括形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词的误用，关系代词、连接代词的误用，代词主格与代 词宾格的误用，代词单数与代词复数的误用，各个不定代词之间的误用，反身代词与代词宾格之间的误用，代词 的指代错误，定语从句中多用代词等。 1. . the men threw away most of his clothes to
8、save themselves. 2. a lot of white birds come to my city for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long . 3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child ，they will go hungry. 4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uni
9、nterrupted . 5. I just smiled to me and thought . 6 your life in your country is quite different from me. 7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. Key: 1. his their 2. IThey 3. theyhe 4. theywe 5. memyself 6. memine 7. thatwhich ( 六) 介词方面的错误 这类错误多指漏掉介词、多用介词或介词与其他词语搭配的错误等。例如: 1. The crowd
10、 waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised . 2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 3. After autumn arrives ，the city looks as an old man with leaves . 4. . he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes . 5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the
11、 street. 6. Could you share your experience for us? 7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care. ( 七) 冠词方面的错误 这类错误多指a(n)与 the 的误用， a 与 an的误用。 有时也表现为:单数可数名词前面该用冠词的地方缺少冠词， 不该用冠词的地方多了冠词。例如: 1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in t
12、he balloon in 1784. 2 the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with . 3. And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go to the prison. 4 so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun. ( 八) 时态、语态方面的错误 这类错误主要为现在时态与过去时态、主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时，应注意把握文中动词时态的呼 应规
13、律，注意把握诸个并列动词的时态、语态的呼应规律。例如: 1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before. 2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college. 3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “ We re having dinner . ” 4 sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. 5.
14、I ll send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived. ( 九) 主谓一致方面的错误 读书破万卷下笔如有神 这类错误主要指主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式的错误。因此做题时，要注意谓语动词的形式要和句 子主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如: 1. “ I just want to know what the sign say. ” 2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. 3. Here are the information about Mancheste
15、r University. 4. What may surprise you are that I m going to . ( 十) 短语、句型固定搭配错误 主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词、动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不 及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。 1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. 2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. 3. I thought that was dull to watch a game 二、
16、解题技巧 要想做好“短文改错”题，不妨试试分成“四步走”，遵循“四原则” ，实施“四查法” 。具体做法如下: ( 一) 分成“四步走” 1. 通读全文， 了解大意。 注意语篇结构和行文逻辑。不能在不了解文章大意的情况下，逐字逐行地进行修改。 2. 先易后难， 缩小范围。 在通读全文的过程中，可以先把文中明显的错误找出来改正，然后再根据具体语境， 仔细分析判断，将注意力集中在较难的句子上。 3. 把握句意，逐行判断。可依据“ 动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法要记住；句子 结构多分析，逻辑错误须关注”的口诀。 4. 再次通读，复查验证。把大部分错误改正之后，如果还有拿不准的地方
17、，就应再次通读全文，并利用语感 来做最后的判断。 纵观近几年的“短文改错”题，多词和缺词的地方约有2 处；用错词的地方一般有8 个。这种比例或许也能 帮助你做出最后判断。 ( 二) 遵循“四原则” 1. 改动处以最少为原则。 “短文改错”题要求每行只能改动一处，改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词，但 无论作何种改动，只能是增加一词、减少一词或把一个词改成另一个词。当然，没有错误的行无需改动。也就是 说，每行改动之处不能超过一个。 2. 实词以改变词形为原则。在“短文改错”题中，一般只是改变实词的形式，而不能改变实词的词义，也不 能将其改换成另一个实词，更不能随便增删。例如: The air ke
18、eps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . Yes, it is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from . 3. 虚词以添加或删除为原则。历年的 “短文改错”题中需要添加或删除的地方差不多有3 至 4 处。这些需要 添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等)，不是实词 (如动词、名词等)，否则会改变句子的原意。例如: They did not want breakfast because that they were going out
19、early . He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 4. 以保持句子原意不变为原则。做“短文改错”题时，一般不应改变句子原意。改错时，应该针对短文中的 用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正，不应更改作者的原意。做到换词不改意，加词不增意，去词不减意。 如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其佳者而从之。例如： But I have spent most my money, so I cannot (四川卷 ) 改正：在 my 前加 of。也有同学去掉most，这种改法虽 读书破万卷下笔如有神 改正了语法错误，但改变了原意。作者想说的是“花掉了大部分的
20、钱，而不是全部”。 2013 辽宁高考英语短文改错考点解析：非谓语动词 模拟单句演练： （1） In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day. （2） It s very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese. （3） It was silly of you believe what he said. （4） He was made wash the bosss car once a day. （5） I ll let you to know as soon as I hear from he
21、r. （6） I waved to her but failed attract her attention. （7） I have already seen the film twice. I dont want see it any more. （8） What I want know is when all this happened. （9） It was clear that he wanted be alone. （10） Most children are interested in listen to stories. （11） Walk quickly is difficul
22、t for an old man. （13） Be careful in cross the street. （14） The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice. （15） Find work is very difficult these days. （16） Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English. （17） Look， some of my classmates are practising speak English over there. （18） Teach
23、a child to sing and dance is very interesting. （19） Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it. （20） My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things. （21） He decided to go to the south， find a good job and living there. （22） It was very kind of you to buy us some much fr
24、uit and seeing us at the station. （23） Excuse me， would you to tell me the way to the zoo ？ 2013 辽宁高考英语短文改错考点解析：从句及并列连词 模拟单句演练： （1） He is the man his car was stolen. 读书破万卷下笔如有神 （2） Thats the hotel which we were staying last summer. （3） Thats the palace where we visited last summer. （4） I suddenly wo
25、ke up in mid-night. And it was a long time I got to sleep again. （5） In the past few years when weve planted thousands of trees along the river. （6） At the airport where all the baggage must be examined. （7） He wrote me a letter and asked I was getting on. （8） She stayed in France for 10 years. That
26、s she spoke French so well. （9） It s really a beautiful place ， where everyone hopes to visit. （10） It cost nothing. Anyone can get it unless he likes it. 2013 辽宁高考英语短文改错考点解析：代词 模拟单句演练： （1） Here are some letters for you and he. （2） She loves swimming. It keeps she fit. （3） Here are the cats Auntie b
27、rought us. Take good care of it. （4） Everyone here gets up earlier than her does. （5） Here is my dog. Its name is Petty. （6） He opened mouth as if to say something. （7） Don t lose your heart. Try again. （8） The Smiths have been married， but have no children of his own. （9） I tell him everything ， fo
28、r he is a good friend of me. （10） He smiled at her and laid her hand on hers. （11） When you are away from home ， you should look after you. （12） If you have any question ， put up hand. （13） It s a very important thing. You must think over carefully. （14） I don t like these； please show me some other
29、. （15） In order to catch the thief ， the police did his best. （16） This is the book which you bought it for me ten years ago. （17） I m very sorry about all the whole thing. （18） When I got up ， I found parents were preparing breakfast for me. （19） Yes， money is very important ， but it is not anythin
30、g. （20） At the airport ， all his baggage was stolen， but soon he got them back. 读书破万卷下笔如有神 2013 辽宁高考英语短文改错考点解析：动词 模拟单句演练： （1） I want to know how long the book can be keep. （2） Don t worry. Your child is well looking after here. （3） All the invitations must sent out today. （4） You are an expert on th
31、is. You might invited to speak at the meeting. （5） The public have a right to know what in the report. （6） What the English for this ？ Can anyone tell me？ （7） He says that he likes singing and that he wants to a singer. （8） He is a nice girl. Youre certain to happy with her. （9） I use to play tennis
32、 a lot but I dont play very often now. （10） He has changed a lot. He is not what he was used to be. （11） It was very cold. The snow lied thick on the ground. （12） There will have an English film in the school hall tonight. （13） After that ， the boy decided not to a sailor. （14） After supper ， my fat
33、her would go out for a walk and then come back to see newspapers. （15） Hear to me carefully. What Im saying is very important. 2013 辽宁高考英语短文改错考点解析：多词 模拟单句演练： （1） I come from Zhongshan, and so I am currently a student at DSYSMMS. （2） My favorite pastime is by listening to music, especially classical
34、music. （3） I am majoring in educational psychology and to hope to be a teacher in the future. （4） My hobbies are reading books and travelling, in which I find very interesting. （5） Since that I am the only child in my family, I am quite independent独立性强的 . （6） I deeply believe in that I can succeed i
35、n the near future. （7） Many interests as I have, English is what that I like most. （8） I want to keep on with learning new things to increase my ability and broaden my horizons （9） One hour in the morning is worth the two in the evening. （10）The number of people who has watched the game was not more
36、 than a hundred. （11） Susan doesnt feel quite well, for which s he is having an ache in her heart. 读书破万卷下笔如有神 （12） How did you get on well with your study at school? （13） I used to get really sun burnt from playing outside all the day. （14） It is not known for certain whether she is still living on.
37、 （15） An important meeting was held, Mr Chen sat in the chair. （16） It is eight or nine chances out of ten for that he will win. （17） The shop has been changed hands. （18） The driver was in the charge of the car. （19） The merchant made money by his buying cheap and selling dear. （20） Would you like
38、to check it over the proofs of this book? 2013 辽宁高考英语短文改错考点解析：冠词 模拟单句演练： （1） Her sister，who is nurse，will marry one of the doctors in the hospital. （2） It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much. （3） It was raining hard ， so I had to borrow a umbrella. （4） My friend Mary comes from an
39、 European country. （5） Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer. （6） In small village like this ， everybody knows everybody else. （7） Only few of the children can read such books. （8） For long time neither of us spoke to each other. （9）Look， a girl in blue is my cousin. （10） Look！ A
40、 car has stopped there. A car is beautiful. （11） She asked whether we came from a same city. （12） The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round. （13） You dont know what wonderful time weve had. （14） People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes. （15） Soon the plane was
41、 out of the sight. （16） Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978. （17） In the word ， he is a good student and all of us like him. （18） You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words， you stole it. 2013 辽宁高考英语短文改错考点解析：介词 读书破万卷下笔如有神 模拟单句演练： （1） We must serve f
42、or the people heart and soul. （2） I followed the man for a while ， and saw him enter into the bank. （3） Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim. （4） I took a great many of photographs in the mountains. （5） In English class， we often talk each other in English. （6） Don t talk. What the man says is
43、well worth listening. （7） The chair looks hard ， but it is comfortable to sit. （8） She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us. （9） I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday. （10） Are you glad to be going to back to school ？ （11） On his way to home ， he met one of his old friends J
44、ack. （12） Please close the door at next time you come in. （13） Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year. （14） We can finish the work either this week or in next week. （15） We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator. （16） We could not have heard them because the noise from the r
45、iver. （17） Don t be angry to me for not having writtenI was really too busy. （18） I ve read a lot books about animals. （19） He invited us to dinner ， which was very kind for him. （20） I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him. （21） Don t go by plane. Its a lot of more expensive. （22） Except milk and cheese， we all need vegetables. （23） On my way back ， I called at Mr Smith at his office.