仁爱版八年级英语上册知识点总结.pdf

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1、1 / 20 仁爱八年级英语 (上册)知识总结及考题 Unit 1 Play Sports 【考点解析】 Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball? 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against表示“ 对着:反对;靠着 ” 2cheer sb on为加油,鼓劲 3win 和 beat都可表示 “ 赢” ,但用法不同。 (1) win(won ,won)一般后接比赛,奖品作宾语,也可作不及物动词,表示“ 赢” 的结果。 (2) beat(beat ,beaten) 击

2、败、战胜,一般接对手作宾语,还可译为“ 心脏跳动 ” 或“ 击打” 。 a game a team win+事物a war beat+对手a nation a prize an apponent( 对手) 4prefer 宁愿,更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事prefer sb sthto sb. sth跟某人某物比较起来更喜欢人某物 (2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth 跟做某事比较起来更喜欢做某事 (3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 5jointake part in

3、(1)join 参加某个政党,团体,组织等,成为其中的一员 (2)join sb(in doing sth)和某人一起 (做某事 ) (3)join in=take part,in 参加某项活动 Section B 1play for a team 为某队效力 be inon the team在某队打球 2 dream作名词,“ 梦, 梦想” 。 e g my dream job也可作动词 dream ofabout sth. doing sth 3“on e of the+形容词最高级 +名词的复数 ” 意思是 “ 最之一” 。 4break the record打破记录 5in the 2

4、008 Beijing Olympics 在 2008 年北京奥运会中。 “ 在比赛中 ” 用 in in the racein the basketball game 6give up 放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。give it up,give up doing sth放弃做某事。 7What a Shame=What a pity真遗憾 ! Section C 1spend costpaytake (1)spend作“ 花费” 之意时,指花费时间精力财力在某事或某物上,主语是人。 (2)cost 主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等主语是某物或某事,其结构是 sthcosts sb (3)pay

5、 sb,酬谢某人, payfor 可等同于 spendon ,或用 cost作同义句转换。 (4)take 一般指花费时间,其主语是名词或动名词,经常用it 作形式主语。 2do exercise=play sports做运动,锻炼 3 There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或 There will be。 注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示 “ 有” 的 have和 has。 4the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远 5Sure (1)be sure that+ 从句 egI am sure that he is

6、right (2)sbbe sure to do sth 某人一定会做某事。强调说话人的语气。 (3)be sure ofabout sthdoing sth“ 确信” ,表示主语对 有把握。 2 / 20 6make的用法。 (1)make sb do sth使某人做某事。被动语态中要还原to。 (2) “make sbsth+形容词 ” 使某人或某物处于某种状态。 (3)make sthfor sbmake sbsth为某人制作 7be good for“对有益” ,反义词组是 be bad for“对有害” 。 8keep healthy=keep fit保持健康 Section D 1

7、 play against跟进行比赛play withplay againstplay for play with 与玩耍。 play against同比赛。play for 为效力。 2leave for 离开某地去某地leave for=set off for 出发去某地 3一般将来时 (1)含义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生 的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用, 如:tomorrow, soon, later on, next time(week, month, year,Sunday) 等。 (2)结构为 be going to do sth或

8、will do sth 。There be句型的将来时结构为There isare going to be或 There will be。注意在 There be句型中不能出现表示 “ 有” 的 have has 。 (3)表示位置移动的动词go, come,leave,fly,start等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的 事。其中 go 和 come一定要用现在进行时表示将来。 【例 19】(10 年河北中考 )This term_ overThe summer vacation is coming in two weeksAis Bwas Chas been Dwill be 【考点解析】

9、Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water? Section A 1wouldcouldwill you(please)do sth“ 请你做 好吗?” 表示委婉请求对方做某事, 否定结构是 wouldcouldwill you(please)not do sth 。egWould you please not play the piano loudly? 2fall ill“生病” ,be ill“生病的 ” ,强调一种状态。 feel ill“感觉不舒服 ” ,强调一种身体感 受。fall down 摔倒,跌倒。 3mind 的用法 (1)作动

10、词,表示“ 介意” , 常用于疑问句或否定句中。 其结构是 mind sbsth doing sth (2)用于提出建议。 Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doing sth? 对 Would you mind doing sth 的回答可以用 Of course not, I will do it right away Sorry I will do it right away 对 would you mind not doing sth 的回答可以用 Sorry, I wont do it again Im sorry about th

11、at (4)作名词, “ 思想” 。set ones mind to do sth on sth专注于做某事 4be gladhappy to do sth 乐意做某事 5practice sthdoing sth练习做某事 Section B 1be always doing sth 老是 ,含有抱怨的感情色彩。 2careless形容词,反义词是careful。carelessly副词,反义词是carefully 3chance机会 have a chance to do sth 有机会做某事 get a chance to do sth 得到一个机 会做某事 4What do you m

12、ean by sth doing sth?=Whats the meaning of sth doing sth? 5shout at sb 朝某人喊叫,含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb 朝某人喊叫, 6fight with sb=have a fight with sb与某人打架 7be angry with sb意为 “ 生某人的气 ” ,如: 【链接】 (1) be angry at 对某人的言行感到气愤,(2) be angry about sth. 对某事感到生气, 3 / 20 8do ones best to do sth =try to do sth尽力做某事 9s

13、ay sorryhellogoodbye to sb 向某人道歉问候, 10befeel sorry forto do 为而抱歉 (难过) 11keep的用法 (1) keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事 (2) “keep sbsth+宾补+adj” 使某人某物处于某种状态 (4)keep doing sth 继续不断做某事 (5) “keep+表语” ,表示保持继续 (处于某种状态 ) keep fithealthy (7)保存,保留 How long can I keep the book? 12 turn down 调低音量 turn up调高音量 turn on打开 t

14、urn off 关上注意代词都要放在中间。 13in a minuteright awayat once立刻,马上 14对 sorry 的回答可以是 Thats OK(all right)It doesnt matterNever mindNot at all Section C 1love doingto do sth喜欢做某事 2excitingexcited exciting 指使人感到兴奋的事excited 是指人对 感到兴奋 3as welltooalsoeithersoneither (1)tooas well 表示“ 也” ,一般放在句末,且前用逗号隔开,常用于肯定句。 Tom

15、is a student ;Jack is a student ,tooas well (2)also 表示“ 也” ,用于肯定句中,放在be动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。 (3)在否定句中,都要改为either。(4)so 表示“ 也” 时,用在倒装句中,表示肯定,其 结构是 “so+ be 动词助动词情态动词+主语” 。Kate went shopping yesterday ;Tom went shopping,tooas well(so did Tom) (5)neither 表示“ 也” 时,用在倒装句中,表示否定,其结构是“neither+ be 动词助动词 情态动词 +主语

16、” 。 Kate didnt go shopping yesterday ;Tom didnt go shopping,either(Neither did Tom) 4so that引导目的状语从句,含义是“ 以便,目的是,为了 ” 。 6otherothersanotherthe otherthe others other 作形容词,指 “ 其他的,别的 ” 。egother students others(1)别人 eg You must be polite to others (2) “其他的人或物 ” , 指在一个范围之内, 除去一部分后剩余的部分, 而不是全部,一般出现短语 som

17、e others中。 There are many students in the classroom ,some are reading ,some are writing,others are talking another(1)(三者或三者以上 ) “ 又一个,再一个 ” 。 不确定数量中的另外一个。 Jack has bought another pen (2)别的,不同的。 I dont like this shirt Please show me another one (3)another+ 数词+名词一数词 +more+名词。 “ 再多一些 ” ,在原来的基础上再加一些。 on

18、ethe other两者之间一个 另一个 Section D 1连接时间的介词用法(1)ago “多久之前 ” ,用过去式。结构是“ 段时间 +ago” two days ago(2) “before+点时间 ” , 表示“ 在几点前 ” , 可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。 They will be here before 7:00。(3) “in+段时间 ” ,指 “ 多久之后 ” ,用将来时。 We will get to Beijing in three days (4) “after+点时问 ” , 在几点之后,可用过去时,将来时或一般现在时。 We often play footb

19、all after 5:00 in the afternoon “after+ 段时间 ” ,表示 “ 多久之后 ” ,只能用于过去式。 He came back after four days 2instead副词, “ 代替。而。相反 ” ,单独使用时放句末。 instead of sth doing sth. 取 代而不是 3build sbup 使某人更强壮4have fun doing sth 做某事很愉快 (1) have fun= enjoy oneself= have a good time 玩得开心,过得快乐 (3) Have funEnjoy yourselfHave a

20、good time等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。 4 / 20 Topic 3 Which sport will you take part in? Section A 1 the sports meet meeting运动会 the boys 800一 meter race男子 800米赛跑 the long jump 跳远 the high jump跳高 the relay race接力赛跑 3make friends with sb与某人交朋友。注意friends 要用复数形式。 4be ready for sth 为某事而准备。5maybemay be maybe=perhaps 副词

21、,“ 也许, 大概” 。Maybe he is at the bus station now may be是情态动词 may 后接动词原形 be, Section B l. 打电话问对方是某人时,可以问Is that (speaking)?回答可以是Yes,whos that? Speaking 问对方是谁时用Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时, 应该说 This is(speaking)。找人接电 话时,应该说 Hello,may I speak to sb ?回答时如果是本人接的电话, 可以直接说 speaking。 2Lets make it half past six 让我们定

22、在六点半吧。 make it(1)指约定时间 Lets make it at 6:30 Section C 1holdhave a sports meet 举行运动会 2be good at sth doing sth=do well in sthdoing sth擅长 (做)某事 do badly in sthdoing sth在某方面做得糟糕 【例 10】His father is good at making model planes (同义句改写 ) His father_ _ _ _model planes 3encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事。 【例 11】

23、 My father often encourages me_(study)hard 4take exercise=do sports做运动。其中 exercise是不可数名词,意思是 “ 运动,锻炼 ” 。 它也可以做可数名词,意思是“ 练习,体操 ” 。egdo morning exercises做早操 【例 12】(12 年陕西中考 ) what do you think of the _ ? I think they are good for our eyesWe should do them often Aeyes exercise Beye exercise Ceye exerci

24、ses 5be able to和 can (1) 表示现在或过去的能力时两者相同。 e.g. I could ride a bike at the age of 8. =I was able to ride a bike at the age of 8. 我八岁时就 会骑自行车了。 (2) be able to有人称时态及数的变化,而can只有过去式 could. We will be able to make it in 2010. 到 2010 年我们就可以做到了。 (3)表示请求、允许及否定判断时,只能用can。 The boy can t be Mike, he left for Pa

25、ris yesterday. 那个男孩不可能是Mike.他昨天去巴黎了。 【例 13】Jacks father_ _ _( 能)swim when he was five years old 7more“ 更多” ,后可接可数或不可数名词。 反义词是 less,“ 更少” ,接不可数名词。 fewer“ 更少” ,接可数名词复数。 【例 15】(12 年黄冈中考 ) Whats the low-carbon lifestyle like? Save_ energy ,produce_ carbon Amore;more Bless;more Cless;less Dmore;less Sect

26、ion D 1stand for代表Red stands for good luck in China 【例 16】(11 年龙岩中考 )The Tang costume_ _(代表)Chinese history and fashion culture 2at least=as little as至少,反义词是 at most=as much as 至多。 单项选择 5 / 20 1 (12 年杭州中考 ) Would you like to have _ chicken? No, thanks Its delicious, but Ive had enough Asome other Bs

27、ome more Canother some 2 (12 年长沙中考 )I am sure you will_ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to themAcatch up with Bagree with Cget on badly with Dmake friends with 4(12 年十堰中考 ) Where is Jeff? Im not sureHe _playing football on the playgroundAmaybe Bmay be Ccan be Dmust be 8(13 年新疆中考 ) Did y

28、ou watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes,We were all_ about the_ match Aexciting; excited B exciting; exciting C excited;excited D excited;exciting 9(12 年广州中考 )Have you _ your new classmates yet? Ahad friends with Bmade friend with Cgot friend to Dmade friends with 15 (12年厦门中考 )Doctors often sug

29、gest , “_vegetables and meat can help you keep fit” AMore;less BFew;much CFewer;more Unit 2 Keeping Healthy 【考点解析】 Topic 1 Youd better go to see a doctor Section A 1whats wrong with sbsth=whats the matter with sbsth 2have a cold患感冒, have后可跟表示疾病的词语。用来表示“ 患疾病” 。 【例 1】 You look so pale on your face ,do

30、 you_ _ _( 患感冒 )? 3 shouldshouldnt情态动词 “ 应该不应该 ” Should I do sth ?Yes , you should No, you shouldntNo,you neednt 【例 2】(10 年江西中考 ) How was the youth club last night,Mark? It was great funYou_ come Amust Bcan Cshould Dmay 以下是我们所学过的情态动词: (1)can 能会, cant不能不允许,过去式could,couldnt。egCan I do sth?Yes, you can

31、No,you cant(2)need “需要” ,作为情态动词时无人称和时态的变化,多用于疑问 句或否定句中。 egNeed I do sth?Yes,you musthave toNo,you needntdont have to(3)must必须,mustnt表示“ 禁止” 。egMust I do sth?Yes ,you mustNo,you neednt dont have to(4)may“ 可以能够 ” ,无否定形式。 May I do sth?Yes ,you maycanNo, you cant 【例 3】(10 年福州中考 ) Dad,must I do my homewo

32、rk now? NoYou_ play games with your friends for a little while Awould Bneednt Cmay 4take a(good)rest have a(good)rest( 好好 )休息 【例 4】After a whole days work,we want to_ _ _( 休息一下 ) 5 英语中表示疾病的名词或词组大多可以采取“ 身体部位名词 +ache” 或“sore+ 身体部位名 词” 来表达。 egheadheadache stomach stomachache backbackache toothtoothache

33、 earearache kneesore knee throat sore throat eyesore eye footsore foot 【例 5】(11 年潜江中考 ) he have a_ I cant eat anything Maybe you should see a dentist Acold Bfever Cheadache Dtoothache 6Plenty of 意思是 “ 大量的 ” ,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。一般用在肯定 句中,否定句或疑问句中改为enough或 many(much)。egThere is plenty of time left Is

34、there enough time left? 【例 6】 (12 年山西中考 )They have_ time to do that , but we dont have_ money for itAplenty of;some B1ittle;few Cplenty of;enough Da lot of;lots of 【考点链接】a lot ofplenty ofa number of 6 / 20 (1)There are_ people in the park on Sundays (2)You should drink_ water ,and have a good rest 【

35、分析比较】 a lot of:lots of 表示“ 大量的,许多” 。既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。 plenty of 与 a lot of 同义,既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。a number of 表示“ 许多, 大量的 ” ,修饰可数名词。故 (1)三者都可以用。而 (2)填 a lot of 和 plenty of 都可以。 7boiled water 开水 boiling water 在开的水 【例 7】Is there any_( 开水)in the pot? No,there isnt Section B 1我们所学过的系动词有look,seem ,feel,so

36、und,get,be,smell,touch 等,他们后 面都可以接形容词作表语,构成系表结构feel happy,sound great ,smell terrible 而实意动词 后面是用副词去修饰 sing happily,step quietly 【例 8】(12 年漳州中考 ) The meat_ delicious I cant wait to eat it Asmells Btastes Csounds 2had better(not)do sth 最好 (不要)做某事 【例 9】(11 年泉州中考 ) My father drank too much last night,he

37、 feels sick now Hed better_ so much Its bad for his health Anot to drink Bdrinking Cnot drink 3Take (1) “吃喝 ” ,有时可以用 have替换 take some food take a cup of tea (2)服(药)take some medicine (3) “take sthsbto+地点” 把某物某人带到某地去,而bring 是带到说话的地方来。 egIll take my daughter to the zoo this Sunday (4)乘搭 (交通工具 )egYou s

38、hould take a bus to the park (5)花费(时间,劳力 )常用于句型: It takes sb some time to do sth egIt takes us one hour to do our homework every day (6)买。I will take it 【例 10】(11 年鸡西中考 ) How long does it take your father_ to work every day About half an hourAdrives Bdriving Cto drive 4feel like sthdoing sth=would l

39、ike sth to do sth=want sthto do sth想要 某东西做某事 egHe didnt feel like going to school 【例 11】Kate didnt feel like_(eat)because he was not well 6too many “ 太多 ” ,接可数名词的复数形式。too much “ 太多 ” ,接不可数名词。 Much too “太” ,接形容词或副词。 【例 12】(12 年青岛中考 )These days children at school are under_ pressure that they dont hav

40、e enough time to play or exercise Amuch too Btoo much Cso many Dtoo many 【考点链接】too muchmuch totoo many (1)There ave_ mistakes in the passage (2)Eating_ candy is bad for your teeth (3)The problem is_ easy for them Section C 2Show (1)指“ 把给某人看 ”show sbsth=show sthto sb 3nothing serious“没什么严重的 ” ,注意形容词或

41、不定式修饰不定代词时都要后置。 【例 14】There is_ in todays magazine Anew something Bnothing new Cnew nothing Danything new 4check over “给做体检,给 做健康检查 ” ,代词要放在中间。 5each 和 every 都表示 “ 每一” ,后接单数名词。 each指两个或两个以上中的“ 每一个 ” , 可用作形容词或代词。 而 every 是指“ 三个或三个以上中的每一个” 。只用作形容词。 不可以说 every of。egEvery boy was there and each did his

42、part each(1) 可用作形容词,指 “ 各自的, 7 / 20 每一的 ” 。egon each side of the street (2)用作代词,指 “ 各自,每一 ” 。 7ask (sb.) for sth. “请求、恳求(给予)、征求 ” ,如: 【链接】 ask for leave 请多长时间 ,此时, leave在这里是名词是 “ 假期、休假 ” 的意思。 Section D 1ThanksThank you for sthdoing sth谢谢你 2not until直到才 【例 18】(11 年漳州中考 ) Its getting late,I must go no

43、w Its raining heavily outside Dont leave_ it stops A after B when C until 3worry about sthsb=be worried about sth sb担心某物或某人 4both and 和都,既又。当连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数。 both 两者都。 all 三者或三者以上都。 either 两者之一。 neither 两者都不。 none三者或三者都不。 eitheror 或者 或者 。neithernor 既不 也不 。not only but also 不 仅而且。其中 either or ,neith

44、er nor ,not only but also 连接主语时谓语遵 循就近原则。 【例 19】Mrs. Turner has bought a CD player as a present ,but _her son_ her daughter likes it Aeither;or Bnot only;but also Cboth;and Dneither;nor 【例 20】Though our math teacher said that wasnt a difficult problem,_of the students in my class could work it out A

45、both Ball Cneither Dnone 单项选择 3(12 年兰州中考 )How much does the ticket _from Shanghai to Beijing? Acost Btake Cspend Dpay 7(12 年三明中考 ) who take you to the new school ,your dad or you mom? _ I went there alone AEither BBoth CNeither 11(12 年广东中考 )The old man is ill and he doesnt feel like_ Ato eat somethi

46、ng Bto eat anything Ceating something Deating anything 12(12 年莆田中考 ) His hobby is _ watching TV_ playing the pianoIts reading books Aeither;or Bboth;and Cneither;nor 15 (12 年福州中考 ) what a nice model ship! Thank you It_ me three days to make . Apaid Bspent Ctook Dwasted 【考点解析】 Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking Section A 1I am sorry to hear that 听到这我感到很难过。这是表示同情的一种说法

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