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1、科技英语综合复习资料 Part I Vocabulary and Structure (词汇与结构 ) 1. As parts of the world become _ , millions of people will try to migrate to more _ areas ? A. hospitable. uninhabitable B. uninhabitable.hospitable C? habitable. inhospitable D. inhospitable ?uninhabiiable 2. A(n) _ is someone who is being consid
2、ered for a position, for example someone who is running in an election or applying for ajob? A. astronomer B. scientist C? candidate D? researcher 3? There are scientific satellites in _ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable worldwide coverage? A. mark B. orbit C. store D. line 4.
3、The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses _ the areas in greater depth. A. classify B? investigate C. clear D? examine 5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite _ now. A. favorable B. critical C. profitable D. s
4、table 6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become imtable even if their total amount of sleep has been _ ? A. efficient B. sufficient C? deficient D? proficient 7. Linda didnt like the work because it lacked _ ; she was doing the same thin
5、g all the time. A. anxiety B? priority C? variety D? society finally everybody felt worried about the uncertainty of the future ? A. melted B. froze C. filtered D. flowed 22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didnt place them _ . A. in register B. to document C? in betwee
6、n D? on record 23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but _ it will still be quite substantial. A. in no case B. in any case C? in case of D? in case 24. Sometimes you can _ valuable antiques by chance - for example when you 5re clearing out an old building. A. come by B. come in C. come o
7、ut D. come down 25. Obviously you came here intending to _ the United States and you will need a work visa. A. rest with B. resort to C. render into D. reside in 26. You will find how to help your child to develop good habits and how to _ with the bad ones that 32. For such a tiny woman she had a(n)
8、 courage to fight against two thieves. can cause so much embarrassment and distress. A. deal B. agree C. calculate D.endeavor 27. Weve worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large A. quantity B. scale C. quality D? proportion 2 they regard the question of the initial situatio
9、n as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws
10、. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state. It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories? Each of these part
11、ial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers? It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it
12、 might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bod
13、ies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits. Today scientists describe the univ
14、erse on terms of two basic partial theories 一 the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics ? They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe? Quantu
15、m mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch? Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the sear
16、ch for a new theory that will incorporate them both a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have? 6. According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT
17、for _ ? A. a model of the universe B. a restricted part of the universe D. a reality 7. The difference between Aristotles theory and Newtons theory is _ ? A. Aristotle theory can describe a large class of observations, while Ncwlons cannot. C. a set of rules B. Newton theory can describe a large cla
18、ss of observations, while Aristotle cannot. C. Aristotles theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newtons cannot. D. Newtons theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotles cannot. 8. The approach adopted by most scientists to devise
19、 a theory to describe the universe is_ ? A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories B. lo invent one theory to describe the whole universe C? to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics D? to study the origin of the universe 9.It is described in N
20、ewtons theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is A. inversely proportional to their mass B. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them C? proportional to the square of the distance between them D. proportional to the constitution of them 10.Accor
21、ding the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20 ,h century are _ _ ? A. Newtons theory of gravity and the general theory of relativity B. Newtorfs theory of gravity and quantum mechanics C. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics D. the general theory
22、 of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity Passage 3 The current energy security system was created in response to the 1973 Arab oil embargo to ensure coordination among the industrialized countries in the event of a disruption in supply, encourage collaboration on energy policies, and deter a
23、ny future use of an “oil weapon 99 by exporters? Its key elements are the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA), whose members are the industrialized countries; strategic stockpiles of oil, including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserves; continued monitoring and analysis of energy markets a
24、nd policies; and energy conservation and coordinated emergency sharing of supplies in the event of a disruption. The emergency system was set up to offset major disruptions that threatened the global economy and stability, not to manage prices and the commodity cycle?Since the system inception in th
25、e 1970s, a coordinated emergency drawdown of strategic stockpiles has occurred only twice: on the eve of the Gulf War in 1991 and in the autumn of 2005 after Hurricane Katrina? Experience has shown that to maintain energy security countries must abide by several principles. The first and most famili
26、ar is what Churchill urged more than 90 years ago: diversification of supply. Multiplying ones supply sources reduces the impact of a disruption in supply from one source by providing alternatives, serving the interests of both consumers and producers, for whom stable markets are a prime concern. Bu
27、t diversification is not enough? A second principle is resilience, a “security margin in the energy supply system that provides a buffer against shocks and facilitates recovery after disruptions. Resilience can come from many factors, including sufficient spare production capacity, strategic reserve
28、s, backup supplies of equipment, adequate storage capacity along the supply chain, and the stockpiling of critical parts for electric power production and distribution, as well as carefully conceived plans for responding to disruptions that may affect large regions. Hence the third principle: recogn
29、izing the reality of integration. There is only one oil market, a complex and worldwide system that moves and consumes about 86 million barrels of oil every day. For all consumers, security resides in the stability of this market. Secession is not an option. A fourth principle is the importance of i
30、nformation. High-quality information underpins well-functioning markets? On an international level, the IEA has led the way in improving the flow of information about world markets and energy prospects ? That work is being complemented by the new International Energy Forum, which will seek to integr
31、ate information from producers and consumers. Information is no less crucial in a crisis, when consumer panics can be instigated by a mixture of actual disruptions, rumors, and fea 匚 In such situations, governments and the private sector should collaborate to counter panics with high-quality, timely
32、 information. As important as these principles are, the past several years have highlighted the need to expand the concept of energy security in two critical dimensions: the recognition of globalization of the energy security system, which can be achieved especially by engaging China and India, and
33、the acknowledgement of the fact that the entire energy supply chain needs to be protected ? 11.The energy security system was established for the following long-term purpose EXCEPT _ ? A. protecting profits of industrialized countries during Arab oil embargo B. making effective coordination among th
34、ose industrialized countries C? promoting cooperation in making policies about energy D. preventing oil exporters from using oil as a weapon against other countries 12. Which of the following statements about International Energy Agency is NOT true? A. Its headquarter is located in Paris. B. Its mem
35、bers include developed and developing countries. C. It monitors and analyzes the energy market and policies. D. It makes great efforts to save energy and deal with oil disruption. 13. The first and foremost thing that both consumers and producers are concerned about is _ ? A. various supply sources
36、B? stable energy markets C? the largest profits D? reasonable prices 14. Integration, the third principle to maintain energy security, means to _? A. recognize the reality of energy shortage B. guarantee the stability of energy market C? realize the unity of the worldwide market D? protect ones inde
37、pendent interests 15. The main purpose of this passage is to _ ? A. convince readers that energy security is important B. introduce the major energy organizations of U.S ? C? infonn readers what the energy security system is like D. present principles for ensuring energy security Passage 4 I spent s
38、ome of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenyans Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors? We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some
39、 quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of todays African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 million years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but i
40、t was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct. One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge “antlers； some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivor
41、es that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants ? Wc may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today? That was tr
42、ue not just for Africa ?The fossil record tells the same story everywhere. Most of lifes experiments have ended in cxtinction. Il is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone ? So, should we be concerned about the currespasm of extinction,
43、 which has been accelerated by the inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever? I believe it is. Wc know that the well-being of human race is lied to the well-being of many other species, and we cant be sure which spe
44、cies are most important to our own survival. But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the worlds biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves whe
45、re human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save some species 一 be it an elephant or an orchid 一 in a nation in which a sizable percentage of the people are living below the poverty line? Such questions make me uneasy about promoting wildlife
46、conservation in impoverished nations? Nonetheless, I believe that we can and should do a great deal ? Its a matter of changing priorities. Plenty of money is available for scientific field studies and conferences on endangering species. But what about boots and vehicles for park personnel who protec
47、t wildlife from poachers? What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by. People in poor countries should not be asked to choose between their own short-term survival and long? lcirn env
48、ironmental needs ? If their governments arc willing to protect the environment, the money needed should come from international sources ? To me, the choice is clear. Either the more affluent world helps now or the world as a whole will lose out. Of course, we must be careful not to allow the establi
49、shment of slush funds or rely on short-term, haphiizard handouts that the world would probably go to waste ? We need a permanent global endowment devoted to wildlife protection, funded primaiily by the governments of lhe industrial nations and international aid agencies. The principal could remain invested in the donor nations as the interest flowed steadily into conservation efforts. How to use those fu