小升初英语语法练习汇总.doc

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1、小升初英语语法:可数名词与不可数名词一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework,

2、 time, health, friendship等)。二、关于可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:book books room roomshouse houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:bus buses glass glasseswatch watchesdish dishes box boxes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:city cities

3、 body bodiesfactory factories等等。4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen(规律:man men) tomato tomatoespotato potatoes悄悄话: 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo photos foot feet tooth

4、 teeth悄悄话: oo变成ee。 sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。 people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数;people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。三、关于不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:water (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表

5、示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs四、名词可数不可数“六注意”1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。2、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:He is a f

6、actory worker. 他是一名工人。No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示一些,许多。如:There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用单位词+of来表示数量。如: a piece of paper, three

7、pieces of paper等。5、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数单位词时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?How much tea is t

8、here in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?注意:对不可数名词前的单位词的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?名词所有格在英语中,特别是表示有生命的名词,可以加s表示所属关系,名词的这种形式我们称之为名词的所有格。一、名词词尾加s的所有格1. 一般情况在名词后加s例如:That girls coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。2. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加 。 如果复数名词不是以s结尾的,末尾也要加s。例如:

9、Today is September 10th, Teachers Day. 今天是九月十日,教师节。Childrens Day is coming, I should buy something new for my son. 儿童节马上就要到了,我应该为我的儿子买一些新东西。3. 表示词组内的并列名词各自的所有关系时,须在各个名词后加s;如果一个东西为两个人或者两个以上的人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加s。例如:They are Johns and Kates rooms. How beautiful they are! 这是约翰和凯特的房间。它们(指房间)太漂亮了!He is Lily

10、 and Lucys father. 他是莉莉和露西的爸爸。4. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。例如:My father and I will have dinner at the Johnsons (home )。 我爸爸和我将要去约翰逊的家吃晚饭。We will have our hair cut at the barbers(shop) tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们要去理发店理发。5. 有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇等的名词,也可以加s构成所有格。例如:There is something important in todays ne

11、wspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些重要的东西。Its about ten minutes walk from school to our home every day. 每天从学校到我们家步行大约需要十分钟。6. 英语名词所有格修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,后面则可以省略,以防止重复。 例如:This is not Dicks dictionary, but is Toms. 这不是迪克的字典,但是是汤姆的。二、由of短语构成的所有格1. 表示无生命的名词一般与of构成短语,表示所有关系。如There is a river on the other side of the road. 在公路

12、的另一边有一条河。2. 有时我们用名词 + of +名词所有格构成双重所有格的形式。例如:This is a photo of Mr Browns. 这是一张布朗先生的照片。名词所有格用法口诀英语名词所有格,表示物品所有权。名词后加 s,这种情况最常见。两者共有添最后,各有各添记心间。复数名词有s, 后面只把 来添。 名词若为无生命,我们常把of用。 A of B是B的A,体现英汉序不同。不用定冠词从八个方面来学习一下哪些时候不用定冠词the。一、定冠词不与表示一类人或事物的复数名词连用。例如:1. I like reading the books.()I like reading books

13、.()2. She likes the cats.()She likes cats.()二、定冠词不能用在某些习惯用语中的名词前面。例如:1. I have lunch at the noon.()I have lunch at noon.()2. We go to school by the bus.()We go to school by bus.()三、定冠词不能用在某些专用名词和不可数名词前面。例如:1. I like the China.()I like China.()2. Would you like a cup of the water? ()Would you like a

14、cup of water?()四、定冠词不能用在节日、日期、月份、季节前面。例如:1. Today is the Teachers Day. ()Today is Teachers Day.()2. He was born in the May in 1987. ()He was born in May in 1987. ()五、定冠词不能用在表示称呼语或某些头衔的名词前面(尤其作表语、宾补时)。例如:1. Good morning, the sir!()Good morning, sir! ()2. I need some help, the Mummy.()I need some help

15、, Mummy.()六、定冠词不能与名词前已有作定语用的this, that, my, your, some, any等代词连用。例如:1. This the pen is mine. ()This pen is mine.()2. I have the some money. ()I have some money. ()七、定冠词不能用在表示科目名词的前面。例如:1. We will learn the Chinese, the history and the Maths this afternoon. ()We will learn Chinese, history and Maths

16、this afternoon.()2. The English is the most interesting of all the subjects.()English is the most interesting of all the subjects.()八、定冠词不能用在三餐和球类运动名词的前面。例如:1. She goes to school after the breakfast every morning.()She goes to school after breakfast every morning.()2. We often play the football afte

17、r school. ()We often play football after school. ()介词for的用法小结1. 表示“当作、作为”。如:I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?2. 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。Thank you for

18、teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。3. 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给”、“对 (而言)”。如:Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。4. 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:I usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。5. 表示去向、目的,意为

19、“向、往、取、买”等。如:Lets go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了20元买这本词典。6. 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于的”。如:Its time for school. 到上学的时间了。Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。7. 表示“支持、赞成”。如:Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?8. 用于一些固定搭配中。如:Wh

20、o are you waiting for? 你在等谁? For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。with用法with 是介词,但其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,请允许我以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释,为同学作一个全屏显示。你们可要看好哟!1. 带着,牵着 (表动作特征)。如:Run with the kite like this.2. 附加、附带着(表事物特征)。如:A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers w

21、ith potato chips, rice and fish.3. 和 (某人)一起。a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈) 。如:Now I am in China with my parents.Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.He / Shes talking with a friend.b. 跟go, come 连用,有 “加入”到某方的意思。如:Do you want to come with me?4. 和play一起构成短语动词playwith 意为“玩耍,玩弄”如:Two boys are playing with

22、their yo-yos.5. 与help 一起构成 helpwith句式,意为“帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)”。如:On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.6. 表示面部神情,有“含着,带着”如:Im late for school, said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.7. 表示 “用”如:You play it with your feet.What do the farmers do with your machines?8. 表示 “对, 关于”。如:Wh

23、ats wrong with it?Theres something wrong with my computer.一般现在时1、一般现在时的功能(1)表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。(2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。(3)表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。2、一般现在时的构成(1) be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。(2)行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:W

24、e study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加-s或-es。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。3、一般现在时的变化(1) be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?(2)行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。

25、如:I dont like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesnt构成否定句。如:He doesnt often play.一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?4、动

26、词+s的变化规则(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes(3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies一般过去时1、一般过去时的概念:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last year, yesterday等;也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用。例如:I saw him in

27、the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。2、一般过去时的构成我们主要来学习谓语动词为实义动词的一般过去时的构成。2、动词过去式的构成:(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed

28、。如:study-studied。(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。3、一般过去时的几种句型:肯定句结构为:主语+动词的过去式+其它。如:He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。否定句结构为:主语+did not (didnt)+动词原形+其它。如:He didnt go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成:Did+主语动词原形其它?如

29、:1) -Did you go to Beijing last week?-Yes, we did. (No, we didnt.)2) -Did you meet the businessman before?-No, I didnt. (Yes, I did.)4、一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成:疑问词did+主语动词原形其它?如:1) -What did you do last night?-I did my homework.2) -Where did you go last week?-I went to Shanghai with my parents.一般过去时口诀一般过去时并不难

30、,表示过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,didnt 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。一般将来时一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构:be going to + do;will+ do.三、否定句:在be动词(a

31、m, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如:Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情

32、况。1. 问人。Who 例如:Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。What do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 问什么时候。When.例如:Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句:be going to =

33、willI am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.现在进行时1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?6. 动词加ing的变化规则(1)一般情况下,直接加ing,

34、如:cook-cooking(2)以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting(3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如: run-running, stop-stopping主动与被动语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态 时,该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词。feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, mak英语e, observe, see, notice, watch

35、The teacher made me go out of the classroom。- I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher)。We saw him play football on the playground。- He was seen to play football on the playground。2)情态动词+ be +过去分词,构成被动语态。Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry可数名词与不可数名词用所给名词

36、的适当形式填空:1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK?7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-ye

37、llow.9. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).12. They are_(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?14. There are many_(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very

38、 thirsty.参考答案:1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice一般现在时一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_ teach_二、

39、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays?7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _(teach) us

40、 English on Sundays.9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _(like) cooking.12. They _(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _(do) your homework well.15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed.16. She _(g

41、o) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE.18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term.20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)_2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)_4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)_5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)_7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)_8. John

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