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1、for的用法完全归纳用法1：(表目的)为了。如：They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？Thats what were here for. 这正是我们来的目的。Whats she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了？He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。在通常情况下，英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如：他去那儿看他叔叔。误：He went there for seeing his uncle.正：He went there t
2、o see his uncle.但是，若一个动名词已名词化，则可与 for 连用表目的。如：He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。(swimming 已名词化)注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，则其后可接动名词。用法2：(表利益)为，为了。如：What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗？Do more exercise for the good of your
3、 health. 为了健康你要多运动。(1) 有些后接双宾语的动词(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，当双宾语易位时，通常用 for 来引出间接宾语，表示间接宾语为受益者。如：She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。注意，类似下面
4、这样的句子必须用 for：He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。(2) 注意不要按汉语字面意思，在一些及物动词后误加介词 for：他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。误：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV.注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物动词，但含义不同：advertise sth为卖出某物而打广告；advertise for sth为寻找某物而
5、打广告。如：advertise for a job=登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响，而此处误加了介词 for。类似地，汉语中的“为人民服务”，说成英语是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“为某人的死报仇”，说成英语是 avenge sbs death，而不是 avenge for sbs death，等等。用法3：(表用途)用于，用来。如：Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。Its a mach
6、ine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。用法4：为得到，为拿到，为取得。如：He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。We all hope for success. 我们都盼望成功。Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不
7、要进来喝点茶？用法5：给(某人)，供(某人)用。如：Thats for you. 这是给你的。Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗？用法6：(表原因、理由)因为，由于。如：I am sorry for it. 对不起。Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。I couldnt speak for laughing. 我笑得说不出话来。He couldnt sleep for joy. 他高兴得不能入睡。【用法说明】有些表原因的特殊结构不宜用介词 fo
8、r 来引出，而用其他介词。如：他由于努力工作而加了工资。误：For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise. 正：As a the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.注：as a the result of 是习语，意为“由于的结果”。因为母亲不在家，她只好自己做饭。误：For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.正：With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal
9、herself.注：“with+宾语+宾语补足语”可用来表示原因，此时的 with 不能换成 for。类似地，下例中的 with 也不能换成 for：With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做，我不知是否有时间出去。我们祝贺你的成功。误：We congratulate you for your success. 正：We congratulate you on your success.注：congratulate 后习惯上接介词 on 表示原因。用法7：(表目标、去向)去。如：Is th
10、is bus for Chicago? 这辆公共汽车开往芝加哥吗？Theyll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。They set off for the shops. 他们买东西去了。Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必须在北京换车。【用法说明】比较 for 与 to，两者均可表示目的地，注意以下区别：for 通常与 leave, start, set out, set off, head,
11、steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等动词连用，而 to 则通常与 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等动词连用。如：We departed for London at 10 am. 我们上午10点动身去伦敦。Then we drove to the station. 然后我们就开车去了车站。有时，同一个动词(如 sail)两者均可连用，但含义稍有差别：用 for 通常只表示向着某目的地那个方向，并不强调到达的意思；而 to 含有到达某
12、目的地的意思。如：They sailed for Shanghai. 他们开船驶往广州。They sailed to Shanghai. 他们开船驶至广州。若与名词连用，也有类似区别。如：There will be a train for Wuhan. 有开往武汉的火车。(仅表示向武汉方向，但在武汉未必是停靠站)There will be a train to Wuhan. 有开往武汉的火车。(开往武汉方向，且在武汉停靠)(R56)顺便说一句，也有的辞书持几乎相反的观点，认为 for 与 to 表示目的地时，for 表示的是预定目的地，而to 表示的是假设将会到达的目的地。用法8：(表时间、距
13、离、数量等)达，计。如：Im going away for a few days. 我要走开几天。Ive been here for ten years. 我来这儿有10年了。He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店给我送来了一张50美元的账单。【用法说明】for 用于表示时间或距离的长度(尤其是紧跟在动词之后)时，有时可省略。如：The meeting lasted (for) three days. 会议持续了3天。They walked (for) fifty miles. 他们走了50英里
14、。但是当 for 短语位于句首或在否定句中时, for 通常不宜省去。如：For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过10年。We have not heard from him for a long time. 我们很久没收到他的来信了。用法9：对，对于。如：Eggs are good for you. 鸡蛋对你有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。Fortunately for me, the train was also late. 我很走运，火车也晚点了。【用法说明】关于 for 与 to
15、 表示“对来说”时的区别，参见 to。用法10：(表适合)适于，适合。如：Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗？He is the very person for the work. 他是最适合做这工作的人。Its a good place for a camp. 那是个露营的好地方。She bought some clothes for winter. 她买了些冬天穿的衣服。用法11：(表交换)换，以作交换。如：He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用几本杂志换她的字典。She
16、 bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50美元买这条裙子。I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角钱买了一磅苹果。Dont translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译。用法12：作为，当作。如：Dont take him for a fool. 别把他当傻瓜。He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一条绳子误认为是蛇。He knew that for a fact. 他知道那是事实。The missing persons were given up for dead. 大家都
17、认为那些失踪的人已死了。【用法说明】用于此义时，有时相当于 as, to be, as being，但要注意不同句型的搭配习惯。如：I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他为人老实。It was built for as a pleasure boat. 这船建作游艇之用。比较：He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为同意。Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合伙人好吗？按传统语法，takefor 通常指误认为是，而 takea
18、s to be 则主要指正确地认为是。但在现代英语中，有时并未完全遵守此规则。但是与 mistake 连用的则通常是 for 而不是 as。如：We mistook the house for a hotel. 我们把那房子误以为旅馆。用法13：(表支持、赞成)支持，赞成。如：Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？Im all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。用法14：(表基准)就来说，以而言，作为。如：Hes done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很
19、好。He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。She was short for her age. 就她的年龄来说，个子是矮了点。The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。用法15：(表比例)每就。如：Plant three trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵树要种三棵树。He has one enemy for a hundred friends. 他的敌人与朋友之比为一比一百。For every five who passed, there we
20、re two who failed. 每5个人及格，就有2个不及格。For every mistake you make, youll lose half a mark. 你每犯一个错误，就要扣去半分。【用法说明】用于此义时，通常与 each, every 或数词连用。用法16：代表，代替，代理。如：Whats the English for “中国”? 英语里“中国”怎么说？Whats the “C” for in “BBC”? BBC中的C代表什么？Red is for danger. 红色代表危险。Let me do it for you. 让我替你做吧。The lawyer acted
21、 for him during the trial. 在审案期间由律师代表他行事。用法17：(表安排的时间)在，于。如：The appointment is for 10:30. 约会定在十点半。Weve invited our guests for 7 oclock. 我们已邀请我们的客人7点钟来。Weve booked our holiday for the second week in July. 我们的假期安排在七月份的第二个星期。The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次会议已定于5月10日举行。【用法说明】用于此义时
22、，for 主要指安排或约定的时间，所以像下面两例中的介词 at，in 就不能换成 for。如：He gets up at six every day. 他每天6点钟起床。He was born in September, 1988. 他出生于1988年9月。用法18：(表让步)尽管，虽然。如：For all his money, hes a very lonely man. 他虽然富有，可是非常寂寞。For all his efforts, he didnt succeed. 尽管他做了很多努力，却仍然没有成功。I love you, for all your shortcomings. 尽管
23、你有很多缺点，但我仍然爱你。【用法说明】用于此义时，通常与 all 连用。(见上例) 用法19：(与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)。如：It is for you to decide. 该由你来决定。All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我们能在一起。Is there any need for me to go? 我有没有必要去？He spoke too fast for her to follow. 他说得太快，她跟不上。It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾
24、。It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 一座桥像那样倒塌是不可想像的。【用法说明】(1) 下面两句同义，但以第一句为普通。如：老人快跑是危险的。正：It is dangerous for an old man to run fast. 正：For an old man to run fast is dangerous. (2) 有时可表目的。如：Ive sent my coat away
25、for it to be cleaned. 我把外衣送去洗了。For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 为了增加销量，我们必须降低价格。(3) 有时用于 than 后引出不定式的逻辑主语。如：Theres nothing worse than for a person to ill-treat a child. 没有什么比虐待小孩更恶劣的了。own的用法形容词 adj. 1.自己的 I saw the whole accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到这次事故的全过程。2. 特有的及物动词 vt. 1. 有,拥有
26、 He owns three cars. 他有三辆汽车。 2. 承认+(that) She owned that she had neglected her duty. 她承认自己玩忽职守。 不及物动词 vi. 1. 承认(+to) She owned to having known形容词own(自己的,特有的)常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词ones (my / our / your / his / her / its / their)一起使用,以加强语气。使用own时应注意下面几点: 1. 如果被修饰的名词前没有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所
27、有格或形容词性物主代词 + own直接前置修饰该名词。例如: This is not my uncles own house.这不是我叔叔自己的房子。 She makes all her own clothes.她所有的衣服都是她自己做的。 2. 如果被修饰名词前面已经有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own就要与of构成短语一起放在该名词后面作后置定语。例如: She has a mind of her own.她颇有主见。 Ancient Chinese created this medical science of
28、 Chinas own.古代中国人创造了这样一种中国所特有的医学。 I have some reasons of my own for wishing to do so.我有些想这么干的理由。 3. 除上面所讲的own常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词一起搭配,具有形容词性做定语的情况外,该结构还具有名词性,可以作宾语、表语、宾语补足语。例如: The workers took him as one of their own. (介词宾语) Why buy clothes when you can make your own more cheaply. (动词宾语) We should make
29、 what weve learnt our own as soon as possible.(宾语补足语) I wont accept her gift because it isnt her own. (表语) 4. 名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+ own中间还可以加very来加重语气,表示“完全属某人所有”。例如: You may keep the pamphlet for your very own.这本小册子你完全可以保留着自己使用。 Do you like the soup?你喜欢这种汤吗? The recipe is my very own.这完全是按照我自己的烹饪法烧煮的。 5.
30、 含有own的习语搭配归纳: be ones own man (woman)不受他人影响自己拿主意;自己做主 come into ones own得到自己应得的东西 (如声誉,信用);进入繁盛期 hold ones own坚守住;不被打败;坚持住;支撑住 call sth. ones own声称某物为自己所有 have (keep) sth. for ones own把某物据为己有 (all) on ones own(口)独自地;独立地;凭自己力量;主动地;自愿地 way的用法名词 n. 1. 路,道路CCan you show me the way to the Post Office? 你
31、能否告诉我去邮局的路? 3. 路程,距离the SIts a long way to the railroad station. 到火车站路程很远。 4. 方法,方式C(+to-v)Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent disease. 科学家们正试图找到防止疾病的方法。 5. 风俗,作风CI did not like the way he talked to me. 我不喜欢他跟我讲话的方式。 6. 方面,点Their plan is recommendable in many ways. 他们的计划在许多方面都是可取的。7. 路途,路线
32、SDo you know the way to the post office? 你知道去邮局怎么走吗?8. 供通过的地方;活动范围;余地the S9. 愿望,意愿If I had my way, Id go to the movies tonight. 假如我做得到的话,我今晚会去看电影。 11. 状况;健康状况SIm afraid shes in a bad way. 我想她是生病了。 复合形 comb.form (构成形容词或副词)1. 表示沿.方向(的)(如:sideway) 2. 表示.向(的)(如:a two-way radio双向无线电)表示“方式”、“方法”，注意以下用法：1.
33、 表示用某种方法或按某种方式，通常用介词 in。如：Do it (in) your own way. 按你自己的方法做吧。2. 表示做某事的方式或方法，其后可接不定式或 of doing sth。如：Its the best way of studying to study English. 这是学习英语的最好方法。3. 其后通常可直接跟一个定语从句(不用任何引导词)，也可跟由that 或 in which 引导的定语从句，但是其后的从句不能由 how 来引导。如：我不喜欢他说话的态度。正：I dont like the way he spoke. 正：I dont like the way
34、that he spoke. 正：I dont like the way in which he spoke. 误：I dont like the way how he spoke. 4. 注意以下各句 the way 的用法：Thats the way (=how) he spoke. 那就是他说话的方式。I think he is taking an active part insocial work. I agree with you_. A、in a way B、on the way C、by the way D、in the way 此题答案选A。一、in a way的用法 表示：在
35、一定程度上，从某方面说。如： In a way he was right.在某种程度上他是对的。 注：in a way也可说成in one way。 二、on the way的用法 1、表示：即将来(去)，就要来(去)。如： Spring is on the way.春天快到了。 Id better be on my way soon.我最好还是快点儿走。 Radio forecasts said a sixth-grade wind was on the way.无线电预报说将有六级大风。 2、表示：在路上，在行进中。如： He stopped for breakfast on the wa
36、y.他中途停下吃早点。 We had some good laughs on the way.我们在路上好好笑了一阵子。 3、表示：(婴儿)尚未出生。如： She has two children with another one on the way.她有两个孩子，现在还怀着一个。 Shes got five children，and another one is on the way.她已经有5个孩子了，另一个又快生了。 三、by the way的用法 1、表示：在途中的路旁。如： They stopped for a picnic by the way.他们途中停在路边野餐。 2、表示：
37、顺便说，顺便问 如：By the way，do you know where Mary lives?顺便问一下，你知道玛丽住在哪里吗? “Freddys had another crash.”“ Oh，yes?Poor old chap.By theway,have you heard from Joan recently?” “弗雷迪又撞车了。”“是吗?可怜的老伙计。顺便问一声，你最近收到琼的信了吗?” 四、in the way的用法 表示：挡路，碍事。如： Im afraid your car is in the way，恐怕你的汽车挡道了。 lt you are not going to
38、 help，at least dont get in the way.如果你不愿帮忙，至少你不要妨碍人家。 注：in the way有时也可说成in sbs way。如： Youll have to moveyoure in my way.你得挪一挪，你挡我的路了。 Please dont stand in the kitchen dooryoure in my way.请别站在厨房门口你挡了我的路。 follow的用法及物动词 vt. 1. 跟随My dog follows me to school. 我的狗跟着我去上学。Theboyfollowedhisfatherout. 孩子跟着他父亲
39、走了出去。 Hefollowedthepassengersontothetrain. 他随着旅客一道上了火车。 YougofirstandIllfollow. 你先走，我跟着就来。2. 接在.之后Night follows day. 黑夜接着白天。 3.沿着.行进Follow this road to the bridge.沿这条路一直走到桥边。Followtheroaduntilyoucometothepostoffice,andyouwillfindthelibraryaroundthecorner. 顺着马路走到邮政局，拐弯的地方就是图书馆。Followthisroaduntilyoug
40、ettothebridge,thenturnleft.沿着这条路走到桥头，再向左转弯。4. 追赶;追逐;追求The dogs followed the fox. 这些狗一齐追赶着那狐狸。 5. 注视;密切注意The cat followed every movement of the mouse. 猫注视着老鼠的每一个动作。 6. 倾听7. 听懂;领会Do you follow me? 你听懂我的话了吗? IcouldntfollowthatFrenchfilm. 那个法国电影我听不懂。Ididntquitefollow;couldyouexplainitagain? 我不太明白，请再解释一遍
41、好吗？8. 听从;采用;信奉Follow my advice. 听我的劝告。Ifollowedyouradvice. 我听了你的劝告。 Youmustfollowtheteachingsofyourteachers. 你们必须听从老师们的教导。9. 因.而产生Disease often follows malnutrition. 疾病常常起因于营养不良。 10. 从事(职业等) Whatprofessiondoyoufollow? 你从事何种职业？不及物动词 vi. 1. 跟随He leads; we follow. 他带路;我们跟随。 2. 接着3. 听懂;领会4. 结果产生He is wr
42、ong, but it does not follow that you are right. 他错了,但并不能由此推断你是对的。 follow sb. to do sth.一般没用【follow to do sth. 】不要按照汉语习惯，将汉语表达中的“跟着某人做某事”直译为 follow sb to do sth, 而应根据情况选用适当的句型。如：我跟他去了车站。误：I followed him to go to the station. 正：I followed him to the station. 我跟着他读生词。误：I followed him to read the new wo
43、rds. 正：I read the new words after him. 动词继之而来 comeafterintime;happennext, ThursdayfollowsWednesday. 星期三后面是星期四。Springfollowswinter. 冬去春来。 Heateddiscussionfollowed. 接着是一场热烈的讨论。 Therefollowedamomentofsilence. 紧接着一阵沉默。 water的用法名词 n. 1. 水UFish live in water. 鱼生活在水中。 2. (江、湖、海等的)水体;大片的水P1Those plants can
44、grow only in deep waters. 那些植物只能在深水中生长。 3. 水位,潮位U4. (生物体内的)流体,分泌液;尿;泪U5. (国家的)海域,领海PThe ship was in European waters. 船在欧洲水域航行。 6. 【商】(超过实际资产的)估值(或股额);虚股及物动词 vt. 1. 给.浇水,灌溉The flowers need watering. 这些花需浇浇水。 2. 给.水;给.供水This village is watered by deep wells. 这个村庄靠深井供水。 3. 搀水冲淡,加水稀释The milk they sold w
45、as watered. 他们卖的牛奶是搀了水的。 不及物动词 vi. 1. 流泪;流口水The childs mouth watered for chocolate. 那孩子因想吃巧克力而淌口水。 The smoke made my eyes water. 烟把我的眼泪都熏出来了。 2. (船等)加水3. (动物)饮水1waters 可指矿泉水，江水，海水，洪水，水体等。 如： table waters 矿泉水 （主要指餐桌上饮用的） water of the lake 湖中的水 Japanese waters 日本海域 The upper waters of the Yangtze 长江上游
46、 2可作动词 Water the young trees. 给小树浇水。 Water the milk. 往奶中掺水。 3充当其它含意 a cup of cold water 施舍 bring the water to ones mouth 使人垂涎 go through fire and water 赴汤蹈火 in deep water 陷入困境初夏早上六点，清亮透明的月儿还躲藏在云朵里，不忍离去，校园内行人稀少，我骑着单车，晃晃悠悠的耷拉着星松的睡眼。校园内景色如常，照样是绿意盈盈，枝繁叶茂，鸟儿歌唱。经过西区公园，看那碧绿的草地，飞翔中的亭子，便想起十七那年，在这里寻找春天的日子。本想就此停车再感受一遍，可惜心