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1、Unit One,Some Strategies for Learning English,Global analysis, What type is the text? A narration B description C exposition D argumentation What pattern is the text organized in? A problem-solution B cause-effect C general-specific D time / sequence,记叙文 a story 描述文 a picture 说明文 a lecture 议论文 a deb
2、ate,问题-解决 因果 总-分 时间 / 顺序,Stylistic Features: expository writing,Steps of Creating an Exposition,to raise a question or phenomenon,to analyze the question /provide supporting evidence,to solve the problem /draw a conclusion.,Learning English is a difficult task but learning strategies help make the t
3、ask easier.,Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way.,Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things.,Listen to English every day.,Seize opportunities to speak.,Read widely.,Write regularly.,Language learning is a process of accumulation, which involves long-term efforts and practice.,Langu
4、age Points,Some Strategies for Learning English,Learning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort. Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to ma
5、ke the task easier. Here are some of them.,学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。,虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。,Language Points,1.Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the ne
6、w words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. W
7、hile active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.,Language Po
8、ints,2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, “I am interested in English”, but “I am good at French”? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, “learn the news or secret”, but “learn of someones success or arrival”? These are all e
9、xamples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.,2密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说我对英语感兴趣是Im interested in English，而说我精于法语则是Im good at French？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说获悉消息或秘密是learn the news
10、 or secret，而获悉某人的成功或到来却是learn of someones success or arrival？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。,3. Listen to English every day. Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. In addition to language tapes
11、especially prepared for your course, you can also listen to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal. Try to get its general meaning first and listen to it ov
12、er and over again. You will find that with each repetition you will get something more.,Language Points,Language Points,4. Seize opportunities to speak. It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speakin
13、g the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable way to get some practice. Also try to find native speakers on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in
14、 any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations.,Language Points,After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that
15、all this happened in an English-speaking country and try to act it out in English. 5. Read widely. It is important to read widely because in our learning environment, reading is the main and most reliable source of language input. When you choose reading materials, look for things that you find inte
16、resting, that you can understand without relying too much on a dictionary. A page a day is a good way to start. As you go on, you will find that you can do more pages a day and handle materials at a higher level of difficulty.,Language Points,6.Write regularly. Writing is a good way to practice what
17、 you already know. Apart from compositions assigned by your teacher, you may find your own reasons for writing. A pen pal provides good motivation; you will learn a lot by trying to communicate with someone who shares your interests, but comes from a different culture. Other ways to write regularly
18、include keeping a diary, writing a short story and summarizing the daily news.,Language learning is a process of accumulation. It pays to absorb as much as you can from reading and listening and then try to put what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing.,Sentence study (Para.3)
19、:,Para.3: If you cram your head be crowded out. Translate the sentence into Chinese. What you need to do is to they occur in everyday use. Translate the sentence into Chinese.,如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定 有一些生词会被挤出来。,你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不 同的方式对待它们。,Sentence study (Para.3):,Analyze the structure of the sentence
20、 What does the author mean by “a nodding acquaintance”?,what you need to do 是一个名词短语作主语， to deal with 是动词不定式作表语。what 可引 导类似的名词短语。例如:Your health is what we really care about.,This phrase is used as a metaphor(隐喻). An acquaintance refers to someone we know slightly but who is not a close friend. So we
21、only nod as a greeting when we see him or her. This interpersonal relationship is used to interpret the attitude we should hold to words that do not often occur in everyday situations.,Sentence study (Para.4):,Analyze the structure of the sentence. while引导的两个并列的转折关系从句直到 memory结， 与随后的主句构成对比，从而对比了对待两类
22、词汇的不 同方式。while作为连词意思有：与此同时，然而，虽 等。本句中while可译为“然而”。,Para.4 In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.,Sentence study (Para.4):,Sentence study (Para.4):,Translate the sentence into Chinese. Analyze the
23、 structure of the sentence,在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必 须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何 使用它。,本句用not onlybut also 连接了两个并列 的名词性结构作动词短语的宾语，第二个结 构中存在一个定语从句the way in which native speakers use it in their daily lives， 原文中省略了in which。,Sentence study (Para.6):,Para.6 It is true that there are few situations practice speaking t
24、he language. Translate the sentence into Chinese. Analyze the structure of the sentence.,的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多， 但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。,It is truebut 建立的是让步状语从句结 构，语气上比单纯由although/though 或 but 引导的让步状语从句强烈一些。,Sentence study (Para.8-9):,Para.8-9 It pays to absorb through speaking and writing. What can be i
25、nferred from the sentence? Translate the sentence into Chinese.,Reading and listening provide language learners with language input and speaking and writing make it possible for them to make language output.,从读和听中尽量多吸收，然后再试着把学到的 东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。,Word Study:,1).by no means: not at all e.g.: I am b
26、y no means satisfied with my present performance. by means of 以 ，借着 by no means/not by any means/by no manner of means 决不，一点也不 by all/ every means 无论如何, 务必,Word Study:,2) prolong: 延长；拖延，延期 eg. prolong ones life He asked her another question just to prolong the conversation. 他又问了她一个问题，仅仅是为了延长谈话时间。 pr
27、olonged: adj. (过去分词作形容词)continuing for a long period of time Eg. After prolonged questioning, she finally confessed. 她受到长时间的盘问之后,终于承认了.,Word Study:,2) nevertheless: ad. 仍然,不过,然而 eg. She was angry; nevertheless, she listened to me. 她很生气,但还是听了我的话。 We cant act on your advice. Nevertheless, thank you fo
28、r giving it. 我们不能照你的建议去办。不过承蒙您提出来,十分感谢。,Word Study:,While: （conj. ） although虽然，尽管 eg. While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape. 虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状。 While we show deep sympathy for Liu Xiang, we are quite disappointed. Although we show deep sympathy for Liu Xiang, we are quite d
29、isappointed. 虽然我们对刘翔表示同情，但我们还是十分失望。,Word Study:,2) gain a good/ bad command of : a good command of: knowledge of or the ability to use sth. “熟练掌握，精通” eg. 他精通英语。 He has a good command of English. It takes a lot of skills to obtain a good job offer, including a good command of expressing yourself. 获得职
30、位需要很多技巧，包括良好的表达能力。,Word Study:,2). employ: vt. a. pay someone to work for you b. use a particular object, method, skill, etc. in order to achieve something e.g. She employs her time wisely. 她善于利用时间。,CF: employ, hire learn by heart CF: memorize, remember, recall 被想起,浮现 Eg. Earthquakes occur frequentl
31、y in this area. 这一地区经常发生地震。 我想到一个极好的主意。 A brilliant idea occurred to me. It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble. 我怎么也没有想到他会遇上麻烦。 *It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到做某事,Word Study:,5)constant: a. happening regularly or all the time e.g. There is a constant stream of visitors to the house.
32、b. staying the same e.g. The truck was travelling at a fairly constant speed. c. Loyal e.g. He is a constant friend. 6)occur:It occurs to sb to do sth. 某人想到做某事,Word Study:,7) commit: a. do sth. wrong or illegal e.g. Women commits fewer crimes than men. b. say that sb. will definitely do sth. or must
33、 do sth. e.g. He didnt commit himself to anything. 他没有作任何承诺。 c. give.to sb. or sth. to take care of e.g. The boy was committed to the care of his aunt. 这个孩子被交给他的姑妈照顾。,Word Study:,commit a crime/error/fault/murder/suicide 犯罪/犯错误/犯错/犯谋杀罪/自杀 commit sb. to doing sth. 承诺做某事 commit oneself to sth. 致力于 8）a
34、cquaintance: a. somebody you know a little e.g. We are only casual acquaintances.我们只是泛泛之交。 b. Knowledge of sb. or sth. e.g. I have no acquaintance with this book.我不熟悉这本书。,Word Study:,9).route: n. a particular way or direction between places route, course, pass be on (ones) mind against 当心，留意 Eg.What
35、 problems should I watch out for when buying an old house? 买房的时候我要留意哪些问题呢？ Watch out for the spy s wiretapping(窃听器) when you have the meeting.,Word Study:,2) idiomatic: adj. containing expressions that are natural to a native speaker of a language 惯用的, 地道的,通顺的 Eg. She speaks fluent and idiomatic Eng
36、lish. 她讲一口流利地道的英语。 idiom n.习语; 成语; 惯用语 Eg. To pull ones leg is an idiom. to pull ones leg(同某人开玩笑)是惯用语。,Word Study:,2) on a regular basis: On a basis: 以某种方式地 on a regular basis 经常，定期 on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周 Eg. He will visit Eastern Asia on a regular basis. 也因此，他将会定期走访东亚地区。 These workers are pa
37、id on a daily basis. 这些工人按天领薪。,Word Study:,10). in addition to: used to add another piece of information to what has just been said in addition to表示“除之外”，后接具体事物in addition 在句中作状语，表示“此外”。 eg. We met some friends and other people in addition. In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign la
38、nguage.,Word Study:,2) catch: understand 理解，领会 eg. Sorry, I didnt quite catch what you said. 对不起, 我没听清你的话. Collocation: be caught in 陷入 get caught up in 卷入 catch (sb.) doing (sth.) 撞见某人在做某事 catch sb. red-handed 当场抓住某人 catch sight of 当场抓住某人 catch sb.s eye 引人注目 catch up 追上,Word Study:,2) seek out: loo
39、k for ; try to find someone or something, especially when this is difficult 找出 Eg. He sought out his friend in the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的朋友。 Now is the time for local companies to seek out business opportunities in Europe. 对于本地企业来说，现在正是时机到欧洲寻求商业机遇。,Word Study:,2) feel free to do sth.: dont worry about do
40、ing sth. 做某事不拘束，自由做某事 Eg. Please feel free to ask me anything concerning me. 有关我个人的事，请随便问吧。 请别客气，尽管打电话给我. Feel free to call me. 请尽管随时来访。 Please feel free to visit anytime.,Word Study:,2) make a purchase: buy sth. 买件东西 purchase: (n.) buying, the act of buying purchase and sale 买卖 Eg. Most adult Inter
41、net shoppers make purchases from home. 大多数网购的成年人都是在家进行购物的。 The restaurant makes a purchase of cooking oil once a week. 这家餐馆每周购买一次烹饪油。,Word Study:,11).rely: vi. trust or depend on (sb. or sth.) Pattern: rely on/upon (sb./sth.) for/to do (sth.) e.g.:I knew I could rely on David to look after my parent
42、s. 12).apart from: as well as, besides CF: besides, except, except for & apart from这几个词和短语都有“除之外”的意思。besides表示“除了还有”。 Besides Li Ming, there are many other students attending the meeting.,Word Study:,except表示“除去，不包括”。例如： He goes to work everyday except Sunday. except for表示“除以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正。
43、 Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes. apart from表示“除外”，它既可以表示besides的意思，也可以表示except 或except for 的意思。,Word Study:,2) accumulation: n. 积累；积攒 Her only interest was the accumulation of money. 她唯一的兴趣是攒钱。 An accumulation of work is waiting to be done. 一堆积下的工作等着要做。 accumulate v. 积累, 积聚 S
44、now accumulated on the ground. 地上积了一层雪。 Dust had accumulated during her absence. 她不在时灰尘积了起来。,Word Study:,2) pay: be advantageous or profitable to (sb) 对（某人）有利或有好处 It pays to do sth. 是值得的/ 有用的/ 有报酬的 eg. It pays to exercise 锻炼身体有益健康 It pays to work hard. 努力会有回报的,Useful Expressions:,1. 一点也不，绝非 2. 长期努力
45、3. 精通英语 4. 有过错，有责任 5. 被挤出来 6. 对待 7. 把记住 8. 提防，戒备 9. 经常 10. 提高你的听力,by no means,prolonged effort,gain a good command of English,be at fault,be crowded out,deal with,committo memory,watch out for,on a regular basis,improve your ear,Useful Expressions:,11. 除之外 12. 反复地 13.找出 14. 随意交谈 15. 例如 16. 详细地 17. 购
46、物 18. 表演出来 19. 大有收益 20. 把加以运用,in addition to / apart from,over and over again,seek out,feel free to talk,for instance,in detail,make a purchase,act out,It pays to,putinto practice,Guided Writing,Part I Combination: Using Connectives (关联词) 在英文写作中，我们要学会使用关联词以使句子间的关系清晰明了，更具逻辑性。和中文相似，英文的关联词也因其功能不同分为多种，并
47、可表示并列、因果、递进、转折等多种关系，具体应根据表达需要加以区别使用。 Keys: 1)At first she didnt want to go. Later, however ,she changed her mind. 2)I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 3)He neither knows nor cares what happened. 4)It was a cold snowy day and he had no money left for food.,Guided Writing,5)I
48、t rained heavily last night but I went to the show anyway. 6)The book is due tomorrow. Therefore, I have to rush through it tonight. 7)Hurry up, or youll be late. 8)I enjoy classical music .So does she. 9)You may get there either by sea or by air. 10)He must be ill ,for he is absent today. 11)I neve
49、r saw him again. Nor did I hear from him. 12)Both Mrs. White were shocked by the news.,Guided Writing,Part II Model writing: Ones listening comprehension and speaking ability grow by practice. To achieve good results in training aural comprehension at college, it is necessary to practice listening to English on a regular basis. I will start by listening to tapes based on