不定式做宾补与后置定语的区别.doc

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1、动词不定式作宾补动词不定式既有动词的性质,又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等:动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语,常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型:(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语)一、许多动词可跟一个“宾语 + to do”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do”。例如:My boss told me to type out two letters.分析:句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“

2、me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。They forbade her to leave the country.Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,request,require,teach,tell,want,warn等。二、有些动

3、词可跟“宾语+to be”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:I consider him to be the best candidate.分析:句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。I know him to be a liar.I suppose him to be away from home.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+to be”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等。三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构

4、成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:He saw her enter the room.分析:句中“He”做主语,“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。She wont let me do it.I heard her lock the door.We watched the children play games.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。还有两个词组:listen to,look at.注意:这类句子变为

5、被动结构时,不定式前加to。请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如:A child was seen to enter the building.She was often heard to sing this song.四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。例如:Ill help you(to) push the cart.分析:句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。上句的被动语态为:Youll be helped to push the cart.五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可

6、跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:He shouted to me to come over.分析:句中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。I depend on you to do it.I am counting on you to help me through.高中范围内,适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shout to sb. to do,call on sb.

7、 to do,count on sb. to do,depend on sb. to do,wait for sb. to do等。六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.分析:句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。They are believed to have di

8、scussed the problem.七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式:He is believed to be living in Mexico.分析:句中“He”做主语,“is believed”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.He is thought to be hiding in the woods.间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例

9、如:She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:He didnt want her son to be taken away.分析:句中“She”做主语,“didnt want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。Id like this room to be redecorated.He didnt wish the subject to be mentioned in th

10、e letter.浅析不定式作后置定语动词不定式作后置定语的例句有很多。那么,在什么情况下要用动词不定式作后置定语呢?下面我们来进行分析和归纳:一、名词前有序数词如 first, last 或形容词最高级修饰,或当 the first、 the last 所修饰的名词省略时,常用不定式作后置定语。例如:(1)So Marie Curie became the first woman in France to become a university professor. In 1911, she received a second Nobel Prize for her research, th

11、e first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes. 于是玛丽居里成为法国第一位担任教授的女士。1911年由于她的研究,她再次获得诺贝尔奖,成为世界上第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者。(2)He loves parties. He is always the first ( guest ) to come and the last ( guest ) to leave.他喜欢参加聚会。他总是第一个来,最后一个走。(3)This is the best book to read. 这本书读起来最棒。二、在主、谓、宾结构中,宾语带有动词不定式作后

12、置定语。这时,主语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。注意:如果作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词,需要加上介词。例如:(4)Mick is in the garden with his mother. He has got lots of questions to ask. 米克和妈妈一起在花园,他有许多问题要问。(5) They have nothing to eat. 他们没有食物可吃。(6)Mary needs a friend to play with. 玛丽需要一个伙伴。(7)Give me some paper to write on. 给我一些纸写字用。三、在主系表

13、结构中,句子的表语带有动词不定式作后置定语。这时,句子的表语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。例如:(8)Here is a game to play. 我们可以做一个游戏。(9)She is a nice person to work with. 她是个挺不错的合作伙伴。(10)Is he a man to depend on? 他靠得住吗?四、动词不定式作后置定语时,它所修饰的名词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。例如:(11)(Would you like ) anything to follow? 您还要些什么?(12)The next train to arrive is from New York.

14、下一趟到来的火车来自纽约。(13)The conference to take place next week is important. 下周举行的会议很重要。他们没有食物可吃。(14)Well have more meetings like this in the few weeks to come. 在今后几周我们要开更多的这样的会。五、动词不定式与它所修饰的名词是同位关系,是对名词的内容作进一步说明和解释。这些名词有wish, promise, decision, effort, determination, chance, right 等。例如:(15)Farmers have th

15、e right to sell their crops to the EU. 农民们有权利把他们的产品出售给欧盟。(16)I had no wish to quarrel with you. 我不愿跟你争吵。(17)You havent kept your promise to write us regularly.你不遵守诺言,没有经常给我们写信。(18)He had no chance to go to school in those days. 那时他没有机会上学。六、动词不定式通常用在下列名词如 need, way, time, chance, 等之后作定语。例如:(19)Besides broadcast advertisements on radio and TV, there are other ways to advertise. 除了在电台和电视上播出广告之外,还有一些其他的广告方式。(20)Evening is the best time to visit the temple, after the tour groups have left. 旅游团散去后,傍晚是参观吴哥窟的最好时间。(21)There is no need to hurry. 没有必要慌张。

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