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1、Have you ever seen these signs?,parking, spitting, littering, smoking,-ing forms,The ing form as the Subject and Object,Unit 2,一、动名词的形式,动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. To read aloud will help you improve your English.,动词-ing形式作主语
2、,Ing做主语和动词不定时做主语有什么不同？,动名词常常表示泛指的动作，而不定式通常指具体的动作。,动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. To read aloud will help you improve your English.,动词-ing形式作主语,二、功能及用法(作主语),1.名词作主语时，句子有三种形式： 动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。 1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的. _ is something we s
3、hould never do 2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 _ is very important for me 3)说比做容易。 _ is easier than doing.,Playing tricks on others,Learning new words,Talking, 用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如 no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time等; 形容词有: dangerous, worth
4、while, useless等。 如： Its no use sweeping tears. It was a waste of time doing such a thing. Exer. P13 _,二、功能及用法(作主语),归纳: 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有： It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的 It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得 It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的,在there be
5、+no +v-ing结构中作主语，=“It is impossible to do ”表示“没法不允许.”。 如： 1) There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 若要人不知，除非己莫为。 2)这种事开不得玩笑。 There is _ about such matter. 3)无法知道他什么时候离开。 There was _ when he would leave.,二、功能及用法(作主语),no joking,no knowing,There is no doing 无法; 不允许 There is no sense in doing 做没有道理
6、 There is/was no use doing 干无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.,注意: There is no need to do sth 干没必要, 在此句式中to do不可换为doing. 没有必要告诉她。 There is no need
7、to tell her.,1. 有些动词和短语等后能接动词-ing形式作宾语，而不能接动词不定式。如： Were considering _ (pay) a visit to the Science Museum. Im fond of _ (collect) stamps and coins.,动词-ing形式作宾语,paying,collecting,考虑建议盼原谅， 承认推迟没得想， 避免错过继续练， 否认完成停能赏， 不禁介意准逃亡， 不准冒险凭想象。,常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:,consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,excus
8、e ,pardon admit, delay / put off , fancy avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape forbid , risk , imagine,这类动词还有: give up, insist on, mention, feel like, prefer doing to doing , end up, be busy (in) , prevent/stop/keep f
9、rom protect/preserve from. pay attention to, be accustomed to , be used to doing , get down to ,stick to , lead to , object to 等。,我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。 We must try to avoid _the same mistake 晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗? Do you feel like _a walk with me after supper? 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。 People couldnt help_ that foolish man,r
10、epeating,having,laughing,注： need, require, want作“需要”解时, 后接动词-ing形式作宾语, 主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于to be done。,The radio needs / requires / wants _（repair）.,repairing / to be repaired,2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 常见的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forget，remember, hate等。 like, love, hate, pref
11、er 用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同, 动名词表示泛指的动作, 不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 B. 在begin/start, continue之后, 用动名词和 不定式, 意义无甚区别. C. 在动词forget, remember, regret之后意义不同,不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Dont forget to write to your mother 我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret missing the report 我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 I regret to say I cant take your advice,继续做原来做的事,接着做另一件事,
12、意味着要做某事,想要做某事,停止做某事,停下来(别的事)开始,V-ing 形式的复合结构,Do you mind my coming late for the film?,Marys being late for class made her teacher angry.,me coming late for the film?,物主代词与名词所有格与V-ing构成逻辑上的主谓关系,形容词性物主代词+doing,名词s + doing,代词宾格+doing,名词+doing,作主语、宾语,作宾语,_made him very upset. His losing bike B. Toms los
13、ing bike C. Him losing bike D. Tom losing bike,注： 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，带有逻辑主语时not应在动词-ing形式之前。如： _(没有刷牙)made her smell bad. Your schoolmates _(没有按时回家)made her parents worried.,Not cleaning her teeth,not coming home in time,Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the v
14、acation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold,Exercises,2.The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money. A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave 3. _ made the student _ interest in his studies. A. Being punished; to lose B. Punished; lose C. Being punished; lose D. Having been p
15、unished; lost,4. Our English teacher suggested we practise _ English every day. A. to speak B. speak C. speaking D. spoke 5. I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating,6. _ the homework made his father lose his temper. A. The boys not having d
16、one B. The boy not having done C. The boys having not done D. The boy having not done,根据括号内的汉语提示, 完成下列句子。 1. _ (大声朗读) in the library is a bad habit. 2. Its no use _ (像这样谈话). 3. In my mind, _ _ (进入那所著名的大学) will be the only way to become a world-class writer.,Reading aloud,talking like this,attending the famous university,4. Mary got well-prepared for the job interview, for she couldnt risk _ (丢失这个好机会). 5. He remembered_ _ (没有完成作业), so he got up early to do it the next morning.,losing the good opportunity,not having finished his homework,see you,