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1、小学英语动词及专项训练1. 动词的定义：表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。表示动词的词如ask ,walk等2. 动词的分类：（1） 实义动词又叫行为动词，能独立做谓语：如open，hold , learn（2） 系动词又称连系动词，不能独立做谓语，后边必须接表语组成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征等：be动词（3） 助动词，主要协助动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫做助动词。它本身没有词义，和实义动词一起构成各种时态和语态，也可构成否定或疑问结构：do、will、should、would（4） 情态动词，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。由于词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，
2、要后接动词完成谓语部分：must、can、could、may、will3. 动词的基本形式（1） 动词原形：动词未经任何变化的原来形式。如：have、cut、see（2） 第三人称单数现在时：动词一般现在时的第三人称单数形式的构成和名词复数构成法相似。 A.直接加“s” ：read-reads leave-leaves B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“s ”: come-comes close-closes C.以s. x. sh. ch.o结尾的单词,加“es ” : watch-watches fix-fixes wash-washes go-goes D.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y
3、”为“i”, 再加“es” : cry-cries E.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s” :play-plays（3） 过去式的变化规则： A.直接加“ed” ：look-looked watch-watched B.以e结尾的动词，直接加“d” : live-lived love-loved C.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，变“y”为“i”, 再加“ed ”: cry-cried D.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加“s ”:play-played E.动词不规则变化表InfinitivePast tense InfinitivePast tense1. am, iswas
4、2. keepkept3. arewere 4. letlet5. become became 6. make made7. begin began 8. meet met9. bite bit 10. put put11. blow blew 12. read read13. buy bought 14. ride rode15. catch caught 16. run ran17. come came 18. say said19. cost cost 20. see saw21. cut cut 22. sing sang23.dig dug 24. sit sat25.do did
5、26. sleep slept27. draw drew 28. speak spoke29. drink drank 30. sweep swept31. eat ate 32. take took33. fall fell 34.teach taught35. feed fed 36. tell told37.feel felt 38.think thought39. fly flew 40. throw threw41.forget forgot 42.understand understood43. get got 44. give gave45. wake woke 46. go w
6、ent 47. wear wore 48. grow grew49. win won 50. have/has had51. write wrote 52. know knew53 .break broke4.动词的时态一、一般现在时: 表示经常性、规律性习惯性的动作或现在存在的状态。 结构：1. 动作词一般用原形，但如果是第三人称单数时（如Tony ，he ，she ），动作词用第三人称单数形式，即加s 或 es ; 在主语前加do, does帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加dont, doesnt 帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词：is , am
7、, are ； is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。3. 情态动词can, may, should，must引起的句子是一般现在时，后面接动词用原形； can, may, should，must 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；can, may, should, must后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。 4. 肯定祈使：动词原形 + 其它 否定祈使句：Dont +动词原形 + 其它 5感叹句： What a mess! What a beautiful desert! What beautiful flow
8、ers! What+(形)名 How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are! How+形A. 肯定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 We come from China.(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 He comes from China.主语+be (is, am, are)+其它 We are from China.主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+V+其它 She must go.B. 否定句：(非第三人称单数)主语+dont +V+其它 We do
9、nt come from China. (第三人称单数) 主语+doesnt +V+其它 He doesnt come from China.主语+be (is, am, are) not+其它 I arent from China.主语+情态动词(can, may, should, must)+not +V+其它C一般疑问句：Do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 Do you come from China?Does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 Does he come from China? be (Is, Am, Are)+主语+其它 Are you from China?情
10、态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它 She cant go.D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do +(非第三人称单数)主语+V+其它 Where do you come from? 特殊疑问词+does +(第三人称单数)主语+Vs+其它 Where does he come from? 特殊疑问词+be (is, am, are)+主语+其它 Where are you from? 特殊疑问词+情态动词(Can, May, Should, Must)+主语+ V+其它 Can she go?二、现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作。 结构：1. be动词( i
11、s , am , are) + 动词ing (现在分词)； is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。A. 肯定句:主语+be（is, am, are）+Ving+其它 They are coming here. B. 否定句：主语+be（is, am, are）+not +Ving+其它They arent coming here.C. 一般疑问句：be（Is, Am, Are）+主语+ Ving+其它 Are they coming here?D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（is,
12、am, are）+主语+ Ving+其它 What are they doing?三、一般过去时：表示过去某个时间里发生了的动作或状态。 结构：1. 动作词用过去式(ed ) ； 在主语前加did帮助疑问句，后面的动词用原形；在动作词前加didnt帮助否定句，后面的动词用原形。2. 句子中没动作词时，用be动词的过去式：was , were； was , were 放在主语前帮助疑问句；was , were后面加上not帮助否定句。A. 肯定句：主语+Ved+其它 We came from China 主语+be (was, were)+其它 We were from China. B. 否定
13、句：主语+didnt +V +其它 We didnt come from China. 主语+be (was, were) +not+其它 We werent from China.C一般疑问句：Did +主语+V +其它 Did you come from China? be (Was, Were)+主语+其它 Were you from China?D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ did +主语+V +其它 Where did you from? 特殊疑问词+ be (was, were)+主语+其它 Where were from?四、一般将来时：表示将来某个时间的动作或状态。 结构：1.
14、be going to + 动词原形 is , am , are 放在主语前帮助疑问句；is , am , are 后面加上not帮助否定句。2. will+ 动词原形will放在主语前帮助疑问句，后面接动词用原形；will后面加上not帮助否定句，后面接动词用原形。A. 肯定句：主语+will +V +其它 He will dig a hole.主语+ be going to +V +其它 He is going to dig a hole. B. 否定句：主语+will not +V +其它 He wont dig a hole.主语+ be not going go +V +其它 He
15、isnt going to dig a hole. C一般疑问句：Will+主语+V+其它 Will he dig a hole? Be(Is, Am, Are) +主语going to +V+其它 Is he going to did a hole? D特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+主语+V+其它 What will he do? 特殊疑问词+be(is, am, are) +主语going to +V+其它 What is he going to do?五、过去进行时：表示过去某时正在进行的动作。结构：1. be动词( was, were) + 动词ing； was, were 放在主
16、语前帮助疑问句，后面的动词加ing；was, were后面加上not帮助否定句，后面的动词加ing。A. 肯定句:主语+be（was, were）+Ving He was digging a hole.B. 否定句：主语+be（was, were）+not +Ving He wasnt digging a hole.C. 一般疑问句：be（Was, Were）+主语+ Ving Was he digging a hole?D. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ be（was, were）+主语+ Ving What was he doing（二）时态意义与结构一览表：时态时态意义与动词主语动词形式常用
17、时间肯定句否定句(特殊)疑问句一般现在时1.表示现在的状态。be动词三单isis not (疑问词) is +主语always,often, nowusually,sometimes,ever, never, in the morningin the afternoon,in the evening,at night,on Sunday,everyonce a week,twice a month,3 times a yearIamam not(疑问词)am+主语you,复areare not(疑问词)are+主语2. 表示经常性习惯性的动作、兴趣爱好或能力。情态动词所有主语can +Vcan
18、 not +V(疑问词)can +主语+Vmay +Vmay not +V(疑问词)may+主语+Vmust +Vmust not +V(疑问词)must+主语+Vshould +Vshould not +V(疑问词)should+主语+V行为动词三单Vsdoesnt +V(疑问词)does +主语+V非三单Vdont +V(疑问词)do +主语+V3.祈使句be无BeDont beBe quick. Dont be worried.行为无VDont +VListen to me. Dont push.4.感叹句What a mess! What a beautiful desert! Wha
19、t beautiful flowers!How beautiful! How beautiful the flower is! How beautiful the flowers are!一般过去时表示过去了的动作或状态。be动词单youwaswas not(疑问词) was +主语yesterday,this morning,before that,last复+youwerewere not(疑问词)were+主语行为所有主语Veddidnt +V(疑问词)did +主语+V现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。行为动词三单is +Vingis not +Ving(疑问词) is +主语+Vin
20、gnow,Listen!Look!WheresIam +Vingam not +Ving(疑问词)am+主语+Vingyou,复are +Vingare not +Ving(疑问词)are+主语+Ving过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。行为单youwas +Vingwas not +Ving(疑问词)was+主语+Vingyesterdaythis morningat that timeat nine 复+youwere +Vingwere not +Ving(疑问词)were+主语+Ving一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。1be所有主语will+ bewont+ be(疑问词)wi
21、ll+主语+ betomorrow,this evening,later,in a minute,after that,next行为Will+ Vwont +V(疑问词)Will+主语+ V2行为动词三单is going to+Vis not going to+V(疑问词)is+主语going to+VIam going to+Vam not going to+V(疑问词)am+主语going to+Vyou,复are going to+Vare not going to+V(疑问词)are+主语going to+V习题：1 I_(be not) a middle school student
22、.2She _(be) in Class Six ,Grade One . We_(be) all Young pioneers.3Sam and I_(be) in different classes .5There _(be) a map on the wall. There _(be) some boats in the river.7There_(be) a pencil-box and some books in the bag .8There_(be) two bikes and a car near the house.9I can _(see) some flowers on
23、the table.10. You must_(find) those things. 11. _ you _(have) a new watch?12. Let me _(see),please. I _(not have) a watch .13. I think he _(be)back in a week.14. Its time _(play) games.15. I want _(take) some books to the classroom .16. Could you _(take) it to your room ?17. Its snowing now. We can go out _ (play) in the snow.18. _(not jump) too high! Would you like_(drink) tea ?19. She _(like) her new skirt .20. The men _(work) near the house now.