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1、常用词的学术替换动词替换：1.Improve 提高：Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in thiscompany.Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced.Enhance: the publicityhas enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望2.change 改变：Transform:多指改
2、头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects.Stress: He stresses the need for
3、 parents to listen to their children.Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor.(highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多)4.Develop培养：Cultivate: cultivate the ability of ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed an
4、d positive way towards life.Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals.5.Break 破坏：Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermine ones ability/confidence/authority/position/credibilityJeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeopardize t
5、he process of peace.破坏和平进程Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏 the earthquake devastated the wholecity.6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。7.deal With解决Tackle: tackle the problem.Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式。8.need 需要Require：xxx requires coura
6、ge and confidence.Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透。call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样说的，并且call for也挺正式的】）：跟need一样的用法形容词替换：1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread: 随便用Prevalent：Drug abuse is especially prevalent among teenagers.Overflow：泛滥 the garden is overflew with colors of flowers.Rampant: 特指有害的东西泛滥，比如疾病，犯罪
7、等，并且难于控制。H1n1 Virus is rampant in the world.甲流世界泛滥2.Good 好的（太多了）Impressive, glorious, amazing, brilliant, incredible, attractiveBeneficial（反义词：detrimental）the drug is beneficial to the immune system.Advantageous: 特指有益的。Advantageous industry：优势产业3.Harmful 有害的Unfavorable, horrible, disgustingInhumane:
8、 没人性的lousy (Im fed up with the lousyjob.)severe (severe problem, illness, injuries.)abysmal(低谷：their performance is abysmal.)Detrimental: smoking is detrimental to yourhealth.Baneful: 现阶段用不到，文学作品里面的“邪恶”，完全诘屈聱牙。4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent、ampleThere are a myriad of stars in the Milky Way. (银河系好多星星啊！)5
9、.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished（动词表示使贫穷： The great depression had impoverished many third world countries.）an impoverished student.7.Serious 严重的Severe8.Obvious 明显的Manifest: a manifest error judge明显判断失误; Adv. Manifestly .e.g. a manifestly unfair system.Apparent、EvidentPatent:patentimpossibilities. 显然不可能的事。9.ch
10、eap 便宜的Economical：经济的，不浪费，而不是单纯指某物便宜。经济适用房：economically affordable housing。Inexpensive=cheapReasonable：价格合理的。Reasonable priceAffordable：能够支付的。名词替换：1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）沟，generation gapvery common use in CET-4/6Distinction: sharp/clear distinction between allergy
11、 andfoodintolerance (TBBT里面的Howard就有lactose intolerance，一吃peanuts就会肿，长荨麻疹rash哈哈。)再想牛就用schism。比如“填平两个分支学科之间的分歧”heal the schism between clinical medicine and publichealth.(有本书就叫这个。)3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency：一般crime都用不到。指道德败坏，违法行为，为显示词汇量可以与crime连用Criminal Act：犯罪行为4.Environment 环境Circumstance：under the circ
12、umstances. 相当抽象的词，“情况”。Surrounding：表示周围居住的环境，想当具体。Nearby可与之互换。The surrounding area.Atmosphere、Ambience：这两个词可替换，但是当atmosphere表示大气层的意思的时候则不能。5.Pollution 污染Contamination: 我觉得太装B了，他的pp还不错：contaminated water特指被污染的水6.Human 人类Individual/men/ones/以及一切表示工人，农民公务员等等的词The human raceHumankindHumanity：特别指出，用来表示人性
13、。其他一概不要用。虽然也有人之类的意思。7.Danger 危险Hazard：化学、物理危害；隐患：polluted water is a hazard to wild life and nature；safety/nature hazard.8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary societyIn present-day societyInthis day and age（这是最牛的说法）1.important=crucial(extremelyimportant),significant(amountoreffectlargeenoughtobei
14、mportant)mon=universal,ubiquitous(ifsomethingisubiquitous,itseemstobeeverywhere)3.abundant=ample(enoughandusuallyextra),plentiful(enoughforpeoplesneedsandwants)4.stick=adhere,cling(holdonsomethingtightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference:neglectmeanssomeonehasnotpaidenoughattentiontosomething;ignoremeans
15、noattention.)6.near=adjacent(twothingsnexttoeachother),adjoin(thesameasadjacent)7.pursue=woo(manwooswoman,old-fashioned),seek(ifyouseeksth,youtrytoobtainit.FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(preciseisexactandaccurateinalldetails),exact(correctineverydetail)9.vague=obscure(unknownorknownbyonlyafewpeople)10.to
16、p=peak,petitor=rival,opponent(especiallyinsportsandpolitics)12.blame=condemn(ifyoucondemnsomething,yousayitisverybadandunacceptable)13.opinon=perspective,standpoint(meanslookingataneventorsituationinaparticularway)14.fame=prestige(describethosewhoareadmired),reputation15.build=erect(youcanerectsomet
17、hingasbuildings,FORMAL),establish16.insult=humiliate(dosomethingorsaysomethingwhichmakespeoplefeelashamedorstupid)plain=grumble(complainsomethinginabad-temperedway)18.primary=radical(veryimportantandgreatindegree),fundamental19.relieve=alleviate(alleviatemeansyoumakepainorsufferingslessintenseorseve
18、re)20.force=coercesinto(coercemeansyoumakesomeonedosomethings/hedoesnotwantto),compel21.enlarge=magnify(magnifymeansmakesomethinglargerthanitreallyis)plex=intricate(ifsomethingisintricate,itoftenhasmanysmallpartsanddetails)23.Lonely=solitary(ifsomeoneissolitary,thereisnoonenearhim/her24.small=minusc
19、ule(verysmall),minute,25.praise=extol(strongerthanpraise),compliment(politeandpolitical)26.hard-working=assiduous(someonewhoisassiduousworkshardordoesthingsverythoroughly27.difficult=arduous(ifsomethingisarduous,itisdifficultandtiring,andinvolvesalotofefforts)28.poor(soil)=barren,infertile(usedtodes
20、cribethesoilissopoorthatplantscannotbeplantedonit)29.fragile=brittle,vulnerable(someonewhoisvulnerableiseasilyhurtemotionallyorphysically)30.show=demonstrate(todemonstrateafactmeanstpmakeitcleartopeople.)31.big=massive(largeinsize,quantity,orextent),colossal(usethisword,youemphasizesomethingslarge),
21、tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(ifsomeoneshunssomething,s/hedeliberatelyavoidthatsomethingorkeepawayfromit.)33.fair=impartial(someonewhoisimpartialisabletogiveafairopinionordecisiononsomething.)34.attack=assault(physicallyattacksomeone),assail(attackviolently35.dislike=abhor(abhormeansyouhatesomet
22、hingtoaextremeextentformoralreasons),loathe(dislikeverymuch)!36.ruin=devastate(itmeansdamagesomethingverybadly,orutterlydestroyit.)37.always=invariably(thesameasalways,butbetterthanalways)38.forever=perpetual(aperpetualstateneverchanges),immutable(somethingimmutablewillneverchangeorbechanged)39.surp
23、rise=startle(itmeanssurpriseyouslightly),astound(surpriseyoutoalargedegree),astonish(thesameasastound)40.enthusiasm=zeal(agreatenthusiasm),fervency(sincereandenthusiasm)41.quiet=tranquil(calmandpeaceful),serene(calmandquiet)!42.expensive=exorbitant(itmeanstooexpensivethatitshouldbe)43.luxurious=lavi
24、sh(impressiveandveryexpensive),sumptuous(grandandveryexpensive44.boring=tedious(ifyoudescribesomethingtedious,youmeanitisboringandfrustrating)46.respect=esteem(ifyouesteemsomeone,yourespectandadmirehim/her.FORMAL)47.worry=fret(ifyoufretaboutsomething,youworryaboutit)48.cold=chilly(unpleasantlycold),
25、icy(extremelycold)49.hot=boiling(veryhot50.dangerous=perilous(verydangerous,hazardous(dangerous,especiallytopeoplessafetyandhealth)51.nowadays=currently52.only=unique(theonlyoneofitskind),distinctive;53.stop=cease(ifsomethingceases,itstopshappeningorexisting)54.part=component(thecomponentsofsomethin
26、garethepartsthatitismadeof)55.result=consequence(theresultsoreffectsofsomething)56.obvious=apparent,manifest57.basedon=derivedfromcanseeornoticethemveryeasily)58.quite=fairly59.pathetic=lamentable(veryuncomfortableanddisappointing)60.field=domain(aparticularfieldofthought,activitiesorinterest)61.app
27、ear=emerge(comeintoexistence)62.whole=entire(thewholeofsomething)63.wet=moist(slightlywet),damp(slightlywet),humid(verydampandhot)!64.wrong=erroneous(incorrectorpartlycorrect)65.difficult=formidable66.change=convert(changeintoanotherform)67.typical=quintessential(thiswordmeansrepresentatypicalexampl
28、eofsomething)68.careful=cautious(verycarefulinordertoavoiddanger),prudent(carefulandsensible)69.ability=capacity,capability(thesameasability)70.strange=eccentric(ifsomeoneiseccentric,s/hebehavesinastrangeway,orhis/heropinionisdifferentfrommostpeople)71.rich=affluent(ifyouareaffluent,youhavealotofmon
29、ey)72.use=utilize(thesameasuse)73.dubious=skeptical(ifyouareskepticalaboutsomething,youhavedoubtsonit.)74.satisfy=gratify(ifyouaregratifiedbysomething,itgivesyoupleasureandsatisfaction)75.short=fleeting,ephemeral(ifsomethingisephemeral,itlastsashorttime)76.scholarship=fellowship77.angry=enraged(extr
30、emelyangry)78.smelly=malodorous(usedtodescribeanunpleasantsmell)79.ugly=hideous(ifsomethingishideous,itisveryuglyorunattractive)80.attractive=appealing(pleasingandattractive),absorbing(somethingabsorbingcanattractyouagreatdeal)81.diverse=miscellaneous(amiscellaneousgroupsconsistsofmanydifferentkinds
31、ofthings)82.disorder=disarray,chaos83.crazily=frantically(usedtodescribesomeonewhobehavesinawildanduncontrolledway)84.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION:meteoricisonlyusedtodescribesomeoneachievessuccessquickly)85.ordinary=mundane(veryordinaryandnotatinterestingorunusual)86.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)87.b
32、est=optimal(usedtodescribethebestlevelsomethingcanachieve)/88.sharp=acute(severeandintense)89.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyoudeemsomethinginconceivable,youthinkitveryunliketohappen90.puzzle=perplex(somethingperplexsomeonemeansitconfusesandworrieshim/herbecausehe/shedoesnotunderstandit)91.method=ave
33、nue(awayofgettingsomethingdone)92.famous=distinguished(usedtodescribepeoplewhoaresuccessfulintheircareer)93.ancient=archaic(extremelyoldandextremelyold-fashioned)94.decorate=embellish(embellishmeansmakesomethinglookmoreattractiveviadecoratingitwithsomethingelse)/95.possible=feasible(ifsomethingisfeasible,itcanbedone,madeorachieved)96.so=consequently,accordingly97.rare=infrequent(doesnthappenoften