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1、南京九校一年三班之走进细胞世界,讲授内容,Click to add title in here,Click to add title in here,Click to add title in here,Click to add title in here,4,1,2,3,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,一. 细胞发展史,秦汉时期,1590年,1665年,17世纪前,尔雅记载了590多种动物和植物，并纳入一定的分类系统。,人们试图回答植物和动物的组成，
2、但受观察工具的限制。,一位荷兰人用两块透镜制造出了第一台显微镜。,英国科学家胡克用自制的显微镜发现了细胞。,细胞学说,19世纪40年代：德国科学家施莱登和施旺 提出了“细胞学说”。,施旺,施莱登,细胞学说,动物和植物都是由细胞构成的； 细胞是生物体结构很功能的基本单位； 细胞是由细胞分裂产生的。,二. 认识细胞,1. 细胞的形状 有圆的、立方形的、柱形的、菱形的、多边形的等多种形状。,细胞的形态,酵母菌,植物纤维细胞,植物表皮细胞,精子,二. 认识细胞,2. 细胞的大小 细胞一般很小，只有一到几十微米之间。,细胞的大小,各类细胞大小的比较,例外，如卵细胞就特别大，鸵鸟卵细胞直径为5 cm，鸡卵
3、细胞为23 cm，人卵细胞为200 m；有些神经细胞的突起可长达1 m，但细胞体的直径不会超过100 m；小型白细胞的直径只有34 m，人的红细胞的直径为7 m。,3. 细胞的结构动物细胞,二. 认识细胞,细胞膜,细胞核,细胞质,作用：保护细胞并控制细胞 与外界之间物质交换,作用：内含遗传物质，起 传宗接代作用,作用：许多生命活动的场所,细胞壁保护和支持细胞作用,叶绿体内含叶绿素，是光合作用的场所,液泡内有细胞液,细胞膜,细胞质,细胞核,3. 细胞的结构植物细胞,二. 认识细胞,动植物细胞结构有何不同？,叶绿体,植物,动物,液泡,细胞壁,细胞核,细胞质,细胞膜,无,无,无,有,有,有,有,有,
4、有,有,有,有,讨论：,任务：“小小侦探家”,公安部得到一份生物作品，从外形上分辨不出该样品是取自植物还是动物，你能否用学过的知识将它鉴定出来？,1、樟树的茎能够直立与植物细胞中的什么结构有关？,2、植物的叶为什么通常是绿色的？,思考,细胞中的细胞壁由纤维素组成，具有保护和支持细胞的作用，使植物细胞有一定的形状。,植物的叶片细胞中具有叶绿体，内含叶绿素。,三. 细胞生长,生物体生长发育的过程中生长、繁殖、衰老、死亡。,分裂,成年人全身细胞总数约 1012个。 细胞种类有200 多种。这么多种类细胞均来自一个受精卵。,有丝分裂,分化,成年人全身细胞总数约 1012个。 细胞种类有200 多种。这
5、么多种类细胞均来自一个受精卵。,有丝分裂,分化,神经细胞,红细胞,肌肉细胞,上皮组织细胞,功能：光合作用,功能：保护功能,功能：贮藏营养物质,总结：同一植物体的这些细胞也都来自一群彼此 相似的早期胚细胞。,Click to edit title style,Text in here,Text in here,Contents,Contents,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Conten
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