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1、BOOK TWO Unit 5丝绸之路（Silk Road）是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（Eurasia）的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称丝绸之路。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁， 丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展，对世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了一带一路（One Belt, One Road）（即丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路）的战略构想。一带一路以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。这一战略一经提出即受到沿线各国的积极响应。The Silk Road is a traffic route in the anc
2、ient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name the Silk Road. As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the
3、West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of One Belt, One Road (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of One Belt, One Road focus
4、es on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.Unit 6国民幸福指数（National Happiness Index，NHI）是衡量人们幸福感的一种指数，也是衡量一个国家或
5、地区经济发展、居民生活与幸福水平的指标工具。随着中国经济的高速增长，中国政府越来越重视人民群众生活质量和幸福指数的提升。政府注重改善民生，努力改善人民群众的经济状况，满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求。当前，中国政府提倡释放改革红利，让人民群众得到更多实惠。所有这些都将有效促进我国国民幸福指数不断提升。 National Happiness Index (NHI) is an index that measures how happy people are. It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development a
6、nd peoples livelihood and happiness in a country or region. With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to peoples living quality and the increase of happiness index. The government stresses improvement of its peoples livelihood, striving t
7、o improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs. Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people. All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of o
8、ur people. Unit7中国是丝绸的故乡，因而有很多与丝绸相关的艺术，刺绣（embroidery）就是其中的一种。刺绣是中国民间传统手工艺之一，至少有两、三千年的历史。从事刺绣的多为女子，因此刺绣又被称为女红（womens needlework）。刺绣在中国受到了人们广泛的喜爱。刺绣可用来装饰衣物，如在衣服、被子、枕套（pillowcase）等物品上绣上美丽的图案，也可制作成特别的饰品（ornament）。中国有四大名绣: 苏州的苏绣、广东的粤绣、湖南的湘绣以及四川的蜀绣。各种绣法不仅风格有差异，主题也各有不同。在这其中，苏州的苏绣最负盛名。China is home to silk,
9、 thereby having a variety of arts related to silk, one of which is embroidery. Embroidery, with at least two or three thousand years of history, is one of the Chinese traditional folk arts and crafts. Since most embroiderers are women, its also called womens needlework. Embroidery has been much-love
10、d by the Chinese people. It can be used to beautify clothing and things. For example, clothes, quilts, pillowcases etc. can be embroidered with beautiful designs, or a piece of embroidery can be made for a special ornament. There are four most famous types of embroidery in China: Suxiu from Suzhou,
11、Yuexiu from Guangdong, Xiangxiu from Hunan, and Shuxiu from Sichuan, each having its own style and theme. Among the four, Suzhou embroidery has enjoyed the highest reputationUnit8新中国成立以来，特别是改革开放以来，中国政府在生态环境(eco-environmental) 保护方面做出了大量努力，取得了有效进展。政府采取了一系列保护和改善生态环境的重大举措，譬如积极推进重点生态工程，加强生态系统建设(ecosystem
12、) 及生物多样性保护(biodiversity conservation)，建立了一批自然保护区(nature reservation)、生态示范区(ecological demonstration zones)、风景名胜区和森林公园。加强生态环境的保护和建设，实现人与自然和谐相处，是构建社会主义和谐社会（harmonious society）的重要目标之一。环境保护和生态文明建设为中国经济、社会的可持续发展提供了坚实的基础。Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-openin
13、g to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress. The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhanci
14、ng ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservation, establishing a number of nature reservations, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks. One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to a
15、chieve harmony between man and nature. Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of Chinas economy and society. BOOK 3Unit 1如今，很多年轻人不再选择稳定的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。青年创业（young entrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来源，
16、创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs. Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts. Young ent
17、repreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future. The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves peoples life, but it is also good for the country in the long term. Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading Chinas economy. Esp
18、ecially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses. This further arouses young peoples enthusiasm to start their own businesses. Unit 3水墨画（ink and wash painting）是中国独具特色的传统艺术形式之一，是中
19、国国画的代表。它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、提高和完善。水墨画的创作工具和材料是具有浓厚中国特色的毛笔、宣纸和墨，其作品特点也与此紧密相关。例如，水和墨相互调和，使作品具有干湿浓淡的层次。水墨和宣纸的交融渗透也使画作善于表现丰富的意象，从而达到独特的审美效果。水墨画在中国绘画史上具有很高的地位，甚至被认为是衡量东方绘画艺术水平的标准。Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese paint
20、ing. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper
21、, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings. For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness. The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings
22、to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects. Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.Unit4丽江地处云南省西北部，境内多山。丽江古城坐落在玉龙雪山脚下，是一座风景秀丽的历史文化名城，也是我国保存完好
23、的少数民族古城之一。丽江古城始建于南宋，距今约有800年的历史。丽江不仅历史悠久，而且民族众多，少数民族人口占全区人口的半数以上。随着丽江旅游业的发展，到丽江古城观光游览的中外游客日益增多。1997年12月，丽江古城申报世界文化遗产获得成功，填补了中国在世界文化遗产中无历史文化名城的空白。Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province. The old town of Lijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic
24、beauty and known for its history and culture. It is also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities. The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now. Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic
25、 minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region. With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourists from home and abroad. In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, fil
26、ling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List. Unit 5中国是茶的故乡，也是茶文化的发源地。自古以来，茶就被誉为中华民族的“国饮”。无论是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋书画诗酒茶”，还是平民百姓生活中的“柴米油盐酱醋茶”，茶都是必备品。同时，中国又是文明古国，礼仪之邦。凡是来了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪必不可少。随着中外文化交流和商业贸易的发展，中国茶及茶文化传向了全世界。现在五大洲有不少国家种茶，也有很多国家从中国进口茶。中国茶和
27、中国的丝绸及瓷器一样，已经成为中国在全世界的代名词。China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Since ancient times, tea has been known as the national drink of China. In both the Chinese scholars seven daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common peoples
28、seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea is listed as one of the necessities. Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. With the develo
29、pment of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and tea culture spread to the world. Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China. Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and chinaware, has beco
30、me synonymous with China in the world.Unit 6孙子兵法（The Art of War）是我国古代著名的军事家（strategist）孙武的著作。它既是一部经典的军事著作，又是一部光辉的哲学著作，是我国灿烂的古代文化中一份珍贵的遗产。孙武在书中揭示了一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，提出了一套完整的军事理论体系。这一理论体系不仅深受战国以来历代军事家的重视和推崇，对他们的军事思想和实践产生了重要的影响，而且在世界军事思想领域也拥有广泛的影响，享有极高的声誉。The Art of War was written by Sun Wu, a famous anci
31、ent Chinese strategist. A classic work not only of military value but also of great philosophical significance, The Art of War is a precious heritage of brilliant ancient Chinese culture. Sun Wu disclosed in his book a series of military rules and principles, and put forward a complete system of mil
32、itary theory. His theory has been highly regarded by strategists since the Warring States Period and exerted strong impacts on their thought and practice. Moreover, it has yielded a worldwide influence in the field of military thought, enjoying extremely high prestige.Unit 8中央电视台春节联欢晚会（简称“春晚”）自1983年
33、开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚”已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化，“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。The CCTV Spring Festival Gala (Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has become an indispensable cultural consume
34、r product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people. Though its hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Festival Gala has become a new custom for the public that they cant live without. The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala; i
35、t is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label, and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to. With the development of the times and the emerging of new media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands. Corresponding, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the times to satisfy the growing cultural needs of the people.