《研究生英语综合教程课后考试题.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《研究生英语综合教程课后考试题.doc（1页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、The independence-versus-interdependence issue has been written about regularly and is often introduced as the major issue separating the two worlds of scientific employment: academic and industrial. For decades, academia has paid lip service to the idea of collaboration, but the incentive-and-reward
2、 system has been slow to adjust. Despite the widespread interest in collaboration and its obvious value in an academic setting, collaboration remains informal and is actually discouraged by the tenure process, in which scholars are penalized for sharing credit for their work with others.Large-scale
3、academic collaboration has taken place successfully in the past; the Manhattan Project and contemporaneous radar research, and numerous experimental particle physics projects, to cite just a few examples, are not perhaps academic in the purest sense, but they demonstrate that academic scientists can
4、 play well with others. More recently, new systems biology studies are bringing a sense of teamwork into academic life science labs, but there have been some growing pains. Still, in most of academic scienceincluding the life sciencethe lone wolf still rules.Cuisine in China is a harmonious integrat
5、ion of color, taste, shape and fragrance. For the cooking process, chefs pick choice and varied ingredients and seasonings and employ the unparalleled and complicated skills handed down from their fathers, always aspiring to their ideal of perfection for all the senses. Among the many cooking method
6、s they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, steaming, crisping, baking, simmering.When they finish their masterpieces they are arranged on a variety of plates and dishes so that they are a real pleasure to view, to smell and ultimately to savor. The facility to partake of these delights is al
7、so distinctivechopsticks! To see even the smallest child eat with such dexterity is quite amazing for many foreigners. The use of two simple sticks in this way is an art in itself and chopsticks have determined the way in which Chinese food is presented at the table.If we look at love in other count
8、ries and cultures, we find many variations. In societies like India, love is not necessarily a prerequisite for marriage. Even highly educated Indian men and women who date non-Indians while living in Western countries often consent to arranged marriages. Respect for parents wishes, family tradition
9、s, and duty to the kin group are more important than love. Most middle-and upper-middle class women in India can marry whomever they want, Many, however prefer arranged marriages and have veto power over undesirable candidates .Arranged marriages are attractive because they offer more stability than
10、 love. According to one highly educated woman in Calcutta who has been happily married for three years to a man she had met just three times before their engagement, love isnt essential for marital happiness: I met a lot of people I like, but no one was suitable for marriage, because I was looking f
11、or practicality also .Love is important, but its not sufficient.Yoga is an ancient system of relaxation, exercise, and healing with origins in Indian philosophy. Early descriptions of yoga are written in Sanskrit, the classical literary language of India. The first known work is The Yoga Sutras, wri
12、tten more than 2,000 years age, although yoga may have been practiced to 5,000 years ago. The initial concepts have been adapted over time through translation and scholarly interpretation, but the fundamental principles describing the practice of yoga in the quest of the soul remain largely intake .
13、Yoga has been described as “the union of mind, boby, and spirit”, which addresses physical, mental, intellectual, emotional and spiritual dimensions toward an overall harmonious state of being. The philosophy of yoga is sometimes pictured as a tree with eight branches .These eight limbs are : pranay
14、ama (breathing exercises), prathyahara (physical postures), yama (moral behavior), niyama (healthy habit), dharana (concentration), prathyahara (sense withdrawal), dhyana (contemplation) ,and Samadhi (hogher consciousness). There are several schools ofyoga practice, such as hatha yoga, karma yoga, B
15、hakti yoga,and raja yoga. These schools vary in the proportions of the exercises of eight limbs. However, they are all similar in working towards the goal of self-realization and control of mental, physiological, and psychological parameters through yogic experiences. In the United States and Euoope
16、,hatha yoga is commonly practiced, including pranayama and asanas. Yoga is often practiced by healthy individuals with the aim to achieve relaxation, fitness, and a healthy lifestyle .Yoga has also been recommended and used for a variety of medical conditions. Yoga techniques can be learned in class
17、es or through videotape instruction. Classes last from 30 to 90 minutes and are offered at various skill levels.Snow was swirling against the icy windows once more; Christmas was approaching fast.Hagrid had already single-handedly delivered the usual 12 Christmas trees to the Great Hall; garlands of
18、 holly and tinsel had been twisted ground the banisters of the stairs; everlasting candles glowed from inside the helmets of suits of armor and great bunches of mistletoe had been hung at intervals along the corridors. Large groups of girls tended to converge underneath the mistletoe bunches every t
19、ime Harry went past, which caused blockages in the corridors; fortunately, however, Harrys frequent nighttime wanderings had given him an unusually good knowledge of the castles secret passageways, so that he was often, without too much difficulty, able to navigate mistletoe-free routes between clas
20、ses.Ron, who might once have found the necessity of these detours excuse for jealousy rather than hilarity, simply roared with laughter about it all. Although Harry much preferred this new laughing, joking Ron to the moody, aggressive model he had been enduring for the last few weeks, the improved R
21、on came at a heavy price. Firstly, Harry had to put up with the frequent presence of Lavender Brown, who seemed to regard any moment that she was not kissing Ron as a moment wasted; and secondly, Harry found himself once more the best friend of two people who seemed unlikely ever to speak to each ot
22、her again.“She cant complain,” he told Harry. “She snogged Krum. So shes found out someone wants to snog me too. Well, its a free country. I havent done anything wrong.”Harry did not answer, but pretended to be absorbed in the book they were supposed to have read before Charms next morning. Determin
23、ed as he was to remain friends with both Ron and Hermione, he was spending a lot of time with his mouth shut tight.mitigate=alleviate prospectve=expectedoutshone=polished initiates=originates Transitioned=transferred mobilized=organize convictions=beliefs ambiguity=vagueness assets=advantagespercept
24、ion=impression foster=encourage collaborated=cooperatedfare=food moderate=mild far-reaching=widespreadauthentic=genuine diverse=varied streaky=fattycommemorate=honor lingering=continuing humility=modesty wronged=treatedunjustlyinsightful=perceptivedemandingof=exactingofobsessive=compulsive commitmen
25、t=fidelity yearning=desirepossessive=jealous disillusionment=disenchantment myriad=numerousshape=form establishment=setup facet=aspectprevalent=common estimated=judged claimed=statedflourish=growwell occasionally=sometimes commissioned=contractedprestigious=admired reimburse=pay component=partflexibility=ability to make change self discipline = self control