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1、目的状语和目的状语从句&让步状语和让步状语从句I目的状语和目的状语从句so that，in order that，in case等词引导目的状语从句，so as to， in order to， in case of (doing) sth. 引导目的状语e.g1. I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。= I shall write down your telephone number so as not to forget.2. Well tell you t
2、he truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。=Well tell you the truth so as to let you judge for yourself.3. They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish thework ahead of time .他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能 / 以便能提前完成工作。=They worked harder than usual in order to finish the work
3、ahead of time .4. You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heardby all. 你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。 = You must speak louder so as to / in order to be heard by all.5. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。 = Better take more clothes in case of being cold.6. They wrote
4、 to the boss in order that they could improve theirworking conditions. 他们写信给老板以便他们能改善他们的工作条件。 = They wrote to the boss in order to improve their working conditions.注意点：1 . 目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在从句里的动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号.2 . 用so as (not) to do / in order (not) to do
5、引导目的状语时, 句子的主语往往是有to do 这个目的的人. 即to do的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致. so as (not) to / so that引导的目的状语不放在句首 3 . 在in case 的从句中不用将来时. 用一般现在时代替将来时. 少数时候可用should do 。In case 与其它目的状语从句不同的是它侧重于将来有可能发生的不幸或不好的事, 而其它的目的状语从句侧重于积极的事I am taking an umbrella in case it rains.I am taking an umbrella so that I will not get wet.I am
6、taking an umbrella in order that I will not get wet.though，although引导让步状语从句 despite, in spite of 引导让步状语表达同样的意思.e.g.1. We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 2. Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet)he began to learn French. 虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。 =Despite his bein
7、g over sixty, (yet)he began to learn French. 3. He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。 =Despite his old age, he still works very hard.注意点：1. 在英语句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。 2. though/ although / even though 为连词,引导
8、让步状语从句.3. despite 和in spite of 为介词,引导让步状语时后接名词或名词性短语或名词性从句.as / though 引导让步状语从句e.g.1. Child as / though he is , (=Though he is a child,) he knows a lot .虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。 2. Cold as / though it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。注意点:as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或althoug
9、h引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。even if /even though引导让步状语从句e.g. 1. Ill go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。 2. Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。注意点:even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。有时也有“尽管”的意思.II让步状语和让步状语从句no matter (who, what when, wher
10、e which, how)引导让步状语从句no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+后缀ever 。e.g. No matter what happened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么，他不在意。=Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whateverno matter who = whoeverno matter when = wheneverno matter where = whereverno matter which = whicheverno matter how = howeve
11、re.g. 1.Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。=Do it whatever others say.2. No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day. 不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。 = However busy he was, he studied English every day.3. No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful. 不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。
12、=Whoever takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.注意点: 1. no matter+疑问词与 wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter+疑问词 引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。 e.g. 1). Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。 2). Whoever comes, he will be welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。2. whever从句中的动词有时可以和may连
13、用。3. 注意：no matter +疑问词 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.你现在说什么也没用了。 （Whatever you say是主语从句）（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given.（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。whetheror不管都。 eg.Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，这确实是真的。