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1、虚拟语气,Subjunctive Mood,Part 1 if 引导的虚拟条件句,Learning goals,1. Know what the subjunctive mood refers to 2. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 3. Master the structure of the subjunctive mood about “if ” 4. Do some exercises.,语气,英语的动词可分为三种不同的语气： indicative mood 陈述语气 imperative mood 祈使语气 subj
2、unctive mood 虚拟语气,表示说的话不是事实，或是不可能发生的情况，与事实相反的假设； 是一种愿望、建议、命令、要求等。,虚拟语气的概念,简言之，即：不是事实或不大可能发生的事情，就用虚拟语气来表述,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,虚拟语气的分类,一、if引导的非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 五、状语从句中的虚拟语气 六、几种特殊句式的虚拟语气,If 引导的条件句,A. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。,B. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,if
3、条件句可分为两类：,If we have chances, we can have further cooperation.,If I have another chance, I will visit China again.,if真实条件句假设的情况很有可能发生,所以用陈述语气,其中if是“如果”的意思,if条件从句 一般现在时,主句 will shall+动词原形 情态动词 + 动词原形,What _ you do if it _ tomorrow?,I will sleep at home if it rains tomorrow.,will,rains,if 引导的虚拟条件句,与现在
4、事实相反,与过去事实相反,与将来事实可能相反,if虚拟条件句 表示条件是假设的或几乎无法实现的, 谓语动词用虚拟语气。,If I had a great deal of money, I would buy a villa (别墅) for my parents.,与现在事实相反,?,I am not tired. If I were tired, I would have a rest.,与现在事实相反,if虚拟条件句,动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),would ( should / might / could )do(动词原形),1. If I had a great deal
5、of money, I would buy a villa (别墅) for my parents. 2. I am not tired. If I were tired, I would have a rest.,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years.,与过去事实相反,If he had got up earlier , he could have caught the train.,与过去事实相
6、反,if虚拟条件句,had +动词的过去分词,1. If Tom had learnt how to swim, he would not have been trapped on that island for four years. 2. If he had got up earlier , he could have caught the train.,即：If+过去完成时态,would ( should / might / could )have done,If I met Xi Dada some day, I would shake hands with him. If I wer
7、e to meet Xi Dada some day, If I should meet Xi Dada some day, ,与将来事实相反,if虚拟条件句,1、动词过去式 2、were to+ 动词原形 3、should +动词原形,would ( should / might / could )动词原形,If I met / were to meet / should meet Obama some day, I would shake hands with him.,总结：if虚拟条件句,1、动词过去式 2、were to+ do动词原形 3、should +do动词原形,动词的过去式
8、 （be动词一般用were),would ( should / might / could ) do(动词原形),had +done(动词的过去分词),would ( should / might / could )have done,would ( should / might / could ) do(动词原形),注意以下问题：,1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 3. 含蓄条件句,1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 if虚拟条件句与主句的时间不一致。 1). If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finis
9、h the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。 （从句说明过去，主句说明现在。） 2). If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。 （从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）,含义：,1. 错综时间条件句,1、动词过去式 2、were to+ 动词原形 3、should +动词原形,动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),would ( should / might / could )动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),had +动词的
10、过去分词,If+过去完成时态,would ( should / might / could )have done,would ( should / might / could )动词原形,错综时间条件句,错综时间条件句,(1)If you _ (listen) to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now. (2) If I were you, I _ (take) his advice. (3)If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt _ (buy) the new house and most likely
11、I _ (be) still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）,小练,had listened,would have taken,have bought,would be,2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 分析句子： If I were you, I would do it in another way. Were I you, I would do it in another way. If I should have time, I would he
12、lp Tom with his math. Should I have time, I would help Tom with his math. If he had not helped me, I wouldnt have finished the work on time. Had he not helped me, I wouldnt have finished the work on time.,(if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 含义：在虚拟条件句中，如果条件句中有_, _ 或_时，可使用倒装结构，但_必须省略。若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，shoul
13、d，had等缩略成werent，shouldnt，hadnt置于句首。,were,had,should,if,1). Had I seen him then, I would have been very happy. = If I had seen him then, I would have been very happy. 2). Should I have time, I would go with you. = If I should have time, I would go with you. 3). Were I not so busy, I would go with you
14、. = If I were not so busy, I would go with you.,小练,补充例句： 要不是 (固定句式) If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for , If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now. = Were it not for lacking money, ,与过去事实相反,与现在事实相反,But for 要不是,
15、(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）,(2) He telephoned to tell me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）,陈述语气,虚拟语气,陈述语气,虚拟语气,3. 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它的词来代替虚拟条件句。,(3) I might have given you more help, but I was t
16、oo busy.（连词）,虚拟语气,陈述语气,(4) 用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for 等。如： What would you do with a million dollars? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help. But for the rain, we would have finished the work.,=If you had a million dollars, what would you do?,=If we hadnt g
17、ot your help / If you hadnt helped us, ,=If it hadnt been for the rain, ,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,含蓄虚拟条件句的谓语动词的虚拟，要与if引导的虚拟条件句的主句保持一致,总结：,1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell me what to do. were; would was; will had been; would is; will,Exercise,A,2. If he _my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. followed B
18、. should follow C. had followed D. would follow,Exercise,C,3. If I _ in the 22nd century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.,should live; would spend will live; should spend are living; should have spent will be living; would have spent,A,4. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the vis
19、it to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will,Exercise,tomorrow,B,5. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English writing competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won,Exercise,B,6. If the United States had built more h
20、omes for poor people in 1955，the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been,Exercise,now,in 1955,A,7T he weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much be
21、tter now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died,Exercise,D,had rained,now,8. They _ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go. had got B. got C. have got D. get,Exercise,B,otherwise,9. Why didnt you buy the flat? I_，
22、but I didnt have the money. would have B. bought C. would like to D. had bought,Exercise,A,but,背语法规则 2. 练习完成 3. 预习名词性从句的虚拟语气,Homework,The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 Part 2,Learning goals,1. Know the different forms of the subjunctive mood 2. Master the structures of the different forms of the subjunctive
23、 mood 3. Do some exercises about the grammar,虚拟语气的常考形式：,If 引导的条件句,a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气。,b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,总结：if虚拟条件句,1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形,If+主语+ 动词的过去式 （be动词一般用were),主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,即：If+一般过去时态 （be动词一般用were),
24、If+主语+had +动词的过去分词,即：If+过去完成时态,主语 + would ( should / might / could )have done,主语+would ( should / might / could )动词原形,（4+1）,注意以下问题：,1. 错综时间虚拟条件句 2. (if省略) 倒装虚拟条件句 3. 含蓄条件句,二. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气,一 “坚持” (insist) , 二“命令” (order, command) , 四“建议” (advise, suggest, propose, recommend) , 五“要求” (ask, demand, requ
25、ire, request, desire) + (that) sb (should) do . 或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done,宾语从句,should do ! should do ! should do !,宾语从句中的虚拟语气,我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚持要我与他同行。 他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。 老师要求作业要及时完成。,We suggested _ .,He insisted _ .,They requested (that) Tom _ .,(that) Tom have a rest,(that) I (should ) go wi
26、th him,(should) be sent to work there,The teacher asked (that) our homework _ .,(should) be finished in time,2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday. The
27、teacher give us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday.,2. 这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do It is ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation /
28、request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do a / the suggestion / request (等) that (should) do ,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to see her once a week. We are in favor of the advice
29、 that the factory (should) be closed down.,3. wish 的宾语从句,1. wish 的宾语从句,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时 与将来事实相反: would/could +V.原 should,I wish I _ (be) as tall as Yao Ming.,were,I wish/wished I _ (have not) eaten so much watermelon.,hadnt,I wish it _ ( will ) rain tomorrow. If so, I can st
30、ay at home to have a good sleep.,would,He wishes he _ ( become ) a scientist some day.,could / would become,三. 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式:,1. would rather,宁愿，但愿,sb did ,与现在或将来情况相反,sb had done ,与过去情况相反,I would rather you returned me my money now.,I would rather we hadnt told her the bad news.,I would rather you c
31、ame tomorrow.,2. as if / as though,思考： as if / as though 后面的句子是主句还是从句？,He behaves as if he_(own) the house.,owned,1). 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生 (可以理解成与现在事实相反),He behaves as if he _ (be) the owner of the house.,were,She talked about Rome as though she _ (be) there herself.,had been,2). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之前 (可以理解成与过去事
32、实相反),He coughed (咳嗽) twice as if someone would come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。,3). 从句的动作发生在主句动作之后 (可以理解成与将来事实相反),总结,as if / as though,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时 与将来事实相反: would/could + V.原 (了解) should,与 wish 的宾语从句相似,3. It is (high / about ) time (that) “是时候. (做某事)” 注意: should不能省略,sb did,sb should
33、 do,是时候采取措施来保护环境了。 It is ( high / about ) time that we took / should take measures to protect the environment. 你该走了。 Its (high / about) time that you went / should go.,4. 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气 Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的, 理应如此的) / important + that sb (should) do,1). It is impor
34、tant that we _ ( master ) a foreign language. 2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。 Its _ that she _ to come to the party. 3). 鸟在树上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees.,( should ) master,(should) refuse,strange,natural,(should) rest,5. If only ! 要是就好了,If only,与现在事实相反: 一般过去时( be 用were ) 与过去事实相反: 过去完成时,If on
35、ly it stopped raining now! If only we had followed your advice!,总结,wish, would rather, as if / as though, if only 表虚拟时的共同点是： 时态往后退一步，同if虚拟条件句,四. 情态动词表示虚拟,1. 本想/打算做某事却没做 2. 本应该做某事却没做 3. 本不该做某事却做了 4. 本能够做某事却没做 5. 宁愿过去做了某事却没做 6. 最好过去做了某事却没做 7. 本不必做某事却做了,would have done should/ought to have done shouldn
36、t/oughtnt to have done could have done would rather have done had better have done neednt have done,must have done might have done cant/ couldnt have done,过去肯定发生了 过去可能发生了 过去不可能发生,1. insist, suggest 2. as if/though 3. if,五. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况,insist / suggest 各有两种意思，用不同的语气 insist : “坚决/持要求”用虚拟语气,即 should d
37、o; insist : “坚持认为, 坚持说”用陈述语气 suggest : “建议”用虚拟语气，即should do; suggest : “表明、暗示”用陈述语气,1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill today. 3. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means. 4. He insisted that he _ (not ste
38、al) the diamond, and that he should be set free. 他坚持说他没偷钻石，应该立刻被释放。,(should) practise,is,(should) get,hadnt stolen,as if / as though Whenapencilispartlyinaglassof water, itlooksasifit were broken. The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.,If 引导的条件句,a. if真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,
39、 采用陈述语气。,b. if虚拟条件句 表示条件是虚拟的或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。,Exercise,判断是否虚拟,2. 判断虚拟类型,3. 判断虚拟时间,Pass!,虚拟语气应试对策,I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D could,3. My fath
40、er did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go,4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished,5. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill . A be B was C shoul
41、d be D is 6.He insisted he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. is,考题点击 His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try,2. She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to be left,3.We are in favor of your proposal
42、 that the meeting _. A. should put off B. was put off C. be put off D. is to put off,4. It is high time the child _ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sent C. must be sent D. were sent,5. If only I _ driving before. A. had learned B. learned C. learn D. would learn,6. I wish I _a bird A is B were C will be D are 7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit,8. Id rather you _me the news. A. not tellB. not to tell C. didnt tellD. hadnt told,1. 背语法规则 2. 课时作业 P36 单选,Homework,See You Next Time,