《高中语法介词讲解及练习(含答案).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中语法介词讲解及练习(含答案).pdf（8页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、介词 表时间的介词 1 at, on, in at 表示 “ 在某一时刻，某一时点” I get up at 6:00 every day. at daybreak 在黎明； at noon 在中午； at night 在夜间； at Christmas 在圣诞节期间； at the age of five 在五 岁时 on 表示 “ 在具体某一天或某天的上、下午” I heard a shot on (the morning of ) March 18. We dont have classes on Sunday. in 表示 “ 在某世纪、年、季度、月、周” 以及泛指的上、下午、晚上 i
2、n the 20th century；in 1999；in winter ；in September；in the morning/afternoon/evening 2 for, during, through for 后接 “ 一段时间 ” ，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用 She has been ill for several days. during 表示 “ 在 期间 ” I went to France for two weeks during the summer through 表示 “ 一直 ，自始至终 ” They worked hard through the win
3、ter. 3 from, since from 表示 “ 时间的起点 ” ，常见短语 “from to/till” You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. since 表示 “ 自从 以来（暗示直到现在） He has been away from home since 1973. We have known each other since ten years ago. for 和 since 都常与完成时连用，但for 接时间段， since 接时间点。如for two hours ；since last week 4 before, by,
4、 till, until before 指“ 在 之前 ” ，与 after 相对 Please come before ten oclock. by 指 “ 不迟于，到 时为止，在 以前 ” We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term. We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. by 后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by 后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用 till (until) “ 直到 为止 ” You must wait for h
5、im till tomorrow. 在肯定句中， till/until 必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until 常与非延续性动词连用 I didnt go to bed until 12 oclock. 5 after, in, within after 表示 “ 在 之后 ” ，是 before 的反义词 He got a cancer and died after a year. The meeting will end after 3:00pm. within“在 时间之内 ” I can finish it within an hour. after 与 in 都可表示
6、“ 在 之后 ” ，但 after 后可跟时间段，也可跟时间点；而in 后必须跟时间段。after 既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时，而in 只能用于将来时。 I ll arrive in an hour. 表地点的介词 1 in, outside, between, among in 在 里面 She put her book in the desk. outside 在 外面 What did you see outside the hall? between 在 之间（指二者） The building stands between the park and the small river
7、. among 在 之间（指多者） “There is a thief among you. ” the policeman shouted to the crowd. among 后往往接笼统的人和事物，若需接具体的人或数目时，即使是指多者，也用between，此时一般 有 and 连接，可理解为多者中任何两者之间。 Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy. 2 on, above, over, below, under on 表示 “ 在 上面 ” ，表面相互接触 There is a book on the
8、desk. above表示 “ 在 上方，位置高出 ” ，与 below 相对 The Turners live above us. over 表示 “ 在 正上方 ” ，与 under 相对。 The picture is hanging over the blackboard. below 表示 “ 在 下方，低于 ” Her skirt reaches just below her knees. under 表示 “ 在 正下方 ” They sat under a big tree, drinking. 3 near, by, beside near表示 “ 在 附近 ” My hom
9、e is near the school. by = beside, 表示 “ 靠近，在 旁边 ” ，比 near 距离更近 He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema. 4 in front of, behind, around in front of 表示 “ 在 前面 ” ，指在外部 There is a tall tree in front of our classroom. 比较： in the front of 表示 “ 在 前部 ” ，指在内部 There is a red chair in the front of the room. beh
10、ind 表示 “ 在 后面 ” A high building stands behind the village. around 表示 “ 在 周围，围绕 ” There are many trees around the village. 5 from, to, for, into, out of from 表示 “ 从” She will fly from Beijing to Hongkong. to 表示 “ 到” ，指目的地 They got to the town very late. for 表示 “ 去，向 ” ，指方向或去向 The train for shanghai h
11、as been away. towards 仅指朝着某个方向，不一定是目的地；to 指到目的地； for 指向目的地，且常用于leave for; start for 等固定搭配中 into 表示 “ 进入 ” The teacher came into the classroom with a smile. 比较： into 由外进入到里面，是动态的；而in 是指静态的位置。 out of 表示 “ 从 出来 ” They pulled him out of the water. 比较： out of 是指从里面出来，是动态的；而outside 是指静态的位置 6 along, across
12、, through, over along 表示 “ 沿着 ” 街、路、河岸等线形物 There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the street. across表示 “ 横穿 ” 某一平面，或 “ 横过 ” 某一线形物 Pipes carry oil across the desert. It s dangerous to run across the busy road. through 指从某物的内部“ 穿过 ” It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. over 指“ 越
13、过 ” 某一障碍物 The bear went over the mountain. 7 at, in at 指较小的地方，如车站、家等；而in 多指在较大地方，如国家、城市、大洲等 Please wait for me at the bus station. The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 8 on the other side of, across, over They live on the other side of/over/across the street. 表方位的介词 1 in 表示在某地范围之内 Shanghai is/
14、lies in the east of China. 2 to 表示在某地范围之外 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 3 on 表示与某地相邻或接壤 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 表计量的介词 1 at 表示 “ 以 速度 ”“以 价格 ” It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. I sold my car at a high price. 2 for 表示 “ 用 交换，以 为代价 ” He sold his car for 500 dollars. at 表示单
15、价 (price) ，for 表示总钱数 3. by 表示“ 以 计” ，后跟度量单位 They paid him by the month. Here eggs are sold by weight. 表材料的介词 1 of 成品仍可看出原料 This box is made of paper. 2 from 成品已看不出原料 Wine is made from grapes. 3 in 表示用某种材料或语言 Please fill in the form in pencil first. They talk in English. 表工具或手段的介词 1 by 用某种方式，多用于交通 by
16、 bus by e-mail. 表示搭乘交通工具时，用by 时不用冠词，用in 时要用冠词 I went there by bus/in a bus. 2 with 表示 “ 用某种工具 ” He broke the window with a stone. with 表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词 3 on 表示 “ 以 方式 ” ，多用于固定词组 They talked on the telephone. She learns English on the radio/on TV. 表关于的介词 1 of 仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事 He spoke of the film the
17、 other day. He thought about this matter yesterday. 2 about指“ 关于 ” 某人或某事物的较详细的情况 Can you tell me something about yourself? 3 on 指“ 关于 ” 学术性的或严肃的事 It s a textbook on the history of china. 表原因或理由的介词 1 for 表示原因，常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame 等词连用 I am sorry for what I said to you. 2 at 指
18、情感变化的原因，意为“ 因听到或看到而” He was surprised at the news. 3 from 指“ 外在的原因 ” ，如受伤、车祸等 He died from the wound. 4 of 指“ 内在的原因 ” ，如病、饿等 The old man died of hunger. 5 with 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. He was shaking with anger. 6 by 表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因 Her body was bent by age.
19、 She took your umbrella by mistake. 7 because of 表示引起结果的直接原因 He retired last month because of illness/because he ill. 8 owing to 多表示引起某不良后果的原因 Owing to the rain they could not come. 9 thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“ 幸亏 ，多亏 ” Thanks to John, we won the game. 10 out of 表示动机的起因，常译为“ 出于 ” He asked the ques
20、tion out of curiosity. 11 through 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因 The war was lost through bad organization. 表好像或当作的介词 1 like 表示 “ 像 一样 ” ，其实不是 Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 2. as表示 “ 作为，以 身份 ” ，其实也是 He talked to me as a father. as作连词时，可表示“ 好像 ” 。 The work is not so difficult as you imagin
21、e. 表支持或反对的介词 against反对， for 支持，互为反义词 Are you for my idea or against it? 11 表除某人某物外的介词 1 besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“ 除 外，还 ” Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. He is interested in tennis besides（=as well as）football. 。 2 except 是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“ 除去 ” Everyone is excited except me. All the visit
22、ors are Japanese except him. (A) except 通常与表示全体的all, every 连用；若与other 连用，只能用besides He had other people to take care of besides me. (B) except 是排除同类；而except for 是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加上修正 The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. Exercise： 1. _ the science exhibition, the art e
23、xhibition was also well designed, A. Except B. Besides C. Beside D. Except for 2. Miss Smith and I keep in touch _ writing often. A. with B. on C. by D. from 3. Come and see me _ two or three days time. A. for B. after C. in . D. during 4. There were a lot of visitors from Japan _ the foot of the mo
24、untain. A. on B. at C. in D. to 5. The coffee shop is _ the street. A. on B. across C. in D. to 6. His grandfather has been ill _ the last year. A, for B. since C. from D. after 7. In this matter, Im sorry that I have to side _ you. A. at B. to C. against D. with 8. We normally use the front entranc
25、e _ the building but there is another entrance _ the back. A. to, to B. at, at C. to, at D. of, in 9. The police have said that there is no connection _ the murders. A. in B. for C. on D. between 10. To my horror, I saw,_ my fathers shoulder, a gorilla. A. on B. above C. over D. from 11. Everything
26、is changing so fast these days, even young people find it difficult to _the time. A. get hold of B. be covered with C. get along with D. keep up with 12. Many good books will be _ the new library. A. added B. added to C. added up to D. added up 13. In his speech he _ to the great help the school rec
27、eived from the government. 14. A. expressed B. explained C. referred D. whispered 14. Its Sarahs birthday tomorrow. Will you _ me in buying a present for her? A. remember B. attend C. share D. join 15. Youd better _ a doctor when you are sick. A. send for B. take up C. look up D. turn in 16. The tea
28、cher told us to _ the book and answer some questions. A. look through, B. look on C. look into D. look up 17. Don and Sherry _ the mountains for their vacation. A. called from B. fled from C. headed for D. looked for 18. We were warned to _ out for strangers in the neighborhood. A. look B. run C. ca
29、ll D. set 19. Im going to a pop concert with Tom. Hell _ me at eight, so I must be ready then. A. call for B. call in C. call on D. call up 20. Youd better _ your books after reading them. A. put up B. put on C. put down D. put away 高考练习 1. Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _a stepping-sto
30、ne to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by 2. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times_. A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many 3. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here. A. with B. over C. at D. about 4. Many Chinese univ
31、ersities provide scholarships for students _ financial aid. A. in favour of B. in honour of C. in face of D. in need of 5. I like Mr. Miners speech; it was clear and _ the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of 6. At the railway station ,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was_. A. out
32、of sight B. out of reach C. out of order D. out of place 7. Elizabeth has already achieved success _ her wildest dreams. A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon 8. When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might _ for her, but now all her worries are gone. A. in need B. in time C. in p
33、reparation D. in store 9. A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man. A. under B. with C. on D. by 10. If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave_ the back door. A. for B. by C. across D. out 11. Everything was perfect for the picnic _ the weather. A. in pl
34、ace of B. as well as C. except for D. in case of 12. Why are you so anxious? It isnt your problem _ A. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all 13. -When did you last hear _ Jay? -He phoned me this morning, and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. A. of, to B. about, with C. from, with D. from,
35、 on 14. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank_ a chair. A. on B. off C. into D. to 15. -Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? -Because the old one has been damaged_. A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description 16. Nowadays a lot of adults go to e
36、vening schools _ further education. A. after B. in C. for D. on 17. The two sportsmen congratulated each other _ winning the match by shaking hands. A. with B. on C. in D. to 18. The manager suggested an earlier date _ the meeting. A. on B. for C. about D. with 19. Between the two generations, it is
37、 often not their age, _ their education that causes misunderstanding. A. like B. as C. or D. but 20. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days. A. for B. except C. besides D. with 21. This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _ girls of your age. A. for B. about C
38、from D. to 22, I think he is taking an active part in social work. I agree with you _. A. in a way B. on the way C. by the way D. in the way 23. _ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. A. In B. For C. Under D. Between 24. People try
39、to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this _ creates further problems. A. in short B. in case C. in doubt D. in turn 25. Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt come up with his own. A. against B. on C. for D. in Keys： 1-5 BCCBB 6-10 BCCDC 11-15 DBCDA 16-20 ACAAD 1-5 CADDC 6-10 ABDDB 11-15 CDDCB 16-20 CBBDC 21-25 AAADA