1、 Heart failureWhat Is Heart Failure?LesspumpingpowerSlowerflowrateofbloodHigherpressureofchamberTheheartcantprovidebodyenoughbloodCausesCoronaryarterydiseaseWhat causes heart failureCoronaryarterydiseaseHeartattackCardio-myopathyOver-burdenedCardiachypertrophyCompliancedecreaseCompensa-tion reaction
2、Frank-StarlingmechanismCompensatorymechanismofNeurohumorCompensation reactionTypes Of Heart FailureTypes Of Heart FailureSystolicdysfunctionWhentheheartmuscledoesntcontractwithenoughforce,thereislessoxygen-richbloodthatispumpedthroughoutthebodyDiastolicdysfunctionTheheartcontractsnormally,butthevent
3、ricle-themainpumpingchamber-doesnotrelaxproperly,reducingtheamountofbloodthatcanentertheheartandraisingbloodpressureinthelungs.AHA/ACC GuidelinesAHA/ACC Guidelines StageAAthighriskforHFbutwithoutstructuralheartdiseaseorsymptomsofHFStageBStructuralheartdiseasebutwithoutsignsorsymptomsofHFStageCStruct
4、uralheartdiseasewithpriororcurrentsymptomsofHFStageDRefractoryHFrequiringspecializedinterven-tionsStages of Heart FailureStages of Heart Failure ClassINolimitationduringordinaryactivity ClassIISlightlimitationbyshortnessofbreathfatigueduringmoderateexertionorstressClassIIISymptomswithminimalexertion
5、thatinterferewithnormaldailyactivityClassIVInabilitytocarryoutanyphysicalactivity SymptomsSymptomsSymtomsCongestedlungsFluidandwaterretentionDizzinessfatigueweaknessRapidorirregularheartbeatsDiagnosisDiagnosisDiagnosisMedical historySymptomsPhysical examsAssistant examina-tionHeartfailure Diabeteski
6、dneydiseaseanginahighbloodpressureheartproblemsSmoke DrinkalcoholandhowmuchyoudrinkmedicationsMedical historyAssitantExaminationsBloodtestsBNPChestX-rayEchocardiogramEFEKGStresstestCardiaccatheterizationcoronaryangiogramCardiacMRIAssistant ExaminationsBNPBNPisasubstancesecretedfromtheheartinresponse
7、tochangesinpressurethatoccurwhenheartfailuredevelopsandworsens.ThelevelofBNPinthebloodincreaseswhenheartfailuresymptomsworsen,anddecreaseswhentheheartfailureconditionisstable.TheBNPlevelinapersonwithheartfailure-evensomeonewhoseconditionisstable-ishigherthaninapersonwithnormalheartfunction.EFAnormal
8、EFisgenerallybetween55%and75%,whichmeansthatoverhalfofthebloodvolumeispumpedoutoftheheartwitheachbeat.HeartfailuremayoccurastheresultofalowEF(calledsystolicheartfailure),orfromanothercause,suchasavalvedisorderorfromdiastolicdysfunction.PeoplewithdiastolicdysfunctioncanhaveanormalEF.TreatmentAdd Your
9、 TextGoodlifestylereasonabledietaryhabitMedicationsSurgicalproceduresTopreventyourheartfailurefromworseningCommon types of drugs used to treat heart failure include:Angiotensinconvertingenzyme(ACE)inhibitorsAngiotensinIIreceptorblockers(ARBs)Beta-blockersDigoxinDiureticsBloodvesseldilatorsPotassiumormagnesiumAldactoneInhibitorsCalciumchannelblockersHeartpumpmedicationMedicationSurgical Procedures添加标题 Hearttrans-plantBypasssurgeryHeartvalvesurgeryLeftventricularassistdeviceInfarctexclusionsurgerySurgeryisaimedatstoppingfurtherdamagetotheheartandimprovingtheheartsfunction
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