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1、 1 APA Referencing Guide Examples of different types of printed references Note: At JCU Brisbane Business Faculty, the APA form of referencing is used for all subjects. EXAMPLES OF TWO COMMON ISSUES 1. Typical book reference Esty, D., many of the wars that raged through medieval Europe focused on co
2、ntested inheritance of lands and kingdoms. (Gittins, 1998, p. 59) Source not quoted exactly as it was written Sometimes you might paraphrase or summarise another authors ideas to back up your own statements. Often you are not quoting them directly. Remember though, if you are using their ideas or da
3、ta, you still must give them the credit. e.g. Schwarz (1999) questions the use of surveys as measurement devices. It is argued by Bazzaz (1996) that comparative research in several ecosystems will lead to an understanding of succession as an ecological process. Quoting something that someone else ha
4、s quoted Sometimes in your reading you might come across a quote in another authors article that would be suitable to use. In this case, the best idea is to try and find the original quote to examine the context in which it was written. If that isnt possible, there are special rules for quoting a qu
5、ote. Wembley (1997, cited in Olsen, 1999, p. 156) argues that impending fuel shortages give added impetus to developing alternative energy sources. Include the author and year of both texts, and the page of the citation you are quoting from. Use the words cited in which means mentioned in. In your r
6、eference list or bibliography you only include the text that you yourself have read, i.e. Olsen would be listed in the reference list from this example. 5 One Work by Multiple Authors If a work has two authors, always cite both names every time. (Griffiths &Clyne, 1988) Griffiths and Clyne (1988) st
7、ated that . If a work has three, four or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. After that include only the surname of the first author followed by et ai., and the year if it is the first citation in the paragraph. (Muspratt, Luke & Freebody, 1997) Muspratt, Luke and Fre
8、ebody (1997) found that. . First citation in text Muspratt et al. (1997) found that . Subsequent first citation in paragraph Muspratt et al. found that. . Subsequent citations in same paragraph If a work has six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author, followed by et al. and the y
9、ear for all citations. Footnotes Footnotes are usually an elaboration of an afterthought on some aspect of the text or they provide further information which would interrupt the flow of the text if placed in the body of the text. If you decide to include a footnote, place it at the bottom of the pag
10、e and separate it by a ruled line from the main text. A superscript number in the text will be used to reference the footnote at the bottom of the page. Footnotes should be numbered consecutively through the text. See APA Manual p.325 EXAMPLE Overall it has been shown that global warming is a seriou
11、s issue in the 21st century, however by adopting a form of anticipatory issues management (Esty & Winston) many of the problems can be averted. Also, by taking note of what is available within the public domain, there are many examples of eco efficiency being considered to be not the most important
12、issue (Gladwin, Krause, Kennelly) in the sustainability of business. References Esty, D., & Winston A. (2006). Green to gold. Yale University Press, USA Gladwin, T., Krause TE., & Kennelly, J. Beyond eco-efficiency: Towards totally sustainable business. Wiley InterScience. Retrieved March 29th, 2009
13、 from This guide gives examples of one way of setting out references for an assignment. The APA style is detailed in the following pages which contains many more examples. Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (5th ed.). (2001). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. R & InfoHelp 150.149 AME 2001 Contact InfoHelp if if you have any comments or suggestions. Written by Cathy Yellowlees for Information and Research Support within the Information Services program of the Academic Support Division of James Cook University, October 2005 JCU Library