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1、虚拟语气第一部分 知识讲解虚拟语气存在于if条件从句中和一些固定结构中，虚拟语气与动词的过去的某种时态形影不离。 虚拟语气是通过谓语动词的变化来实现的。第一节 if 条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、if 条件状语从句中表示对将来、过去、现在的虚拟 If she invites me tomorrow, I shall go to the party.（真实条件句） 如果她明天邀请我参加聚会,我就去. If she invited me, I should go to the party.(虚拟条件句) (说话人认为邀请的可能性较小或不可能) 1. 对现在的虚拟 条件状语从句的动词形式 主句的动词
2、形式 If+主语+动词过去式 (be的过去式用were) I (we) should+动词原形 主语+would(might, could)+动词原形 If I were you, I should study English. (I am not you , so I shall not study English.) If I had time, I would attend the wedding. (I does not have time, so I will not attend the wedding.) 2.对过去的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式 主句的动词形式 If+主语+had
3、+过去分词 I(we) should+ have+过去分词 主语+would(might, could)+have+过去分词 If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt have failed in the examination. (You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.) 3.对将来的虚拟条件状语从句的动词形式(三种)主句的动词形式If+主语+动词过去式(be的过去式用were),通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用(tomorrow) If+主语(任何人称和数)
4、+should+动词原形 If+主语(任何人称和数) +were +to+动词原形I (we) should+动词原形或主语(任何人称)+would(might, could) +动词原形If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. 二、混合虚拟语气(条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,
5、动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整.) If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在) If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had practiced speaking English every day, you would speak English well enough. 如果你当初每天都练习说英语的话,
6、你的英语就会说得很好. 三.用介词短语代替条件状语从句(可以改为条件状语从句) Without air, there would be no living things. 相当于:If there were no air, there would be no living things. But for your help, I couldnt have done it. 相当于:If you had not helped me, I couldnt have done it. 四、虚拟语气的倒装：如果条件状语从句的谓语中有were, had或should,就可以倒装。将were, had或s
7、hould放到句首,谓语主语之前, if去掉。 变为”were/had/should+主语”的形式。如果从句没有were, had或should,就不能倒装。 If I were to do it, Id do it some other way. Were I to do it, Id do it some other way. If you should fail, try again. Should you fail, try again. If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. Had you been here e
8、arlier, you would have seen him. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.这句话不能倒装. 而且,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如: Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. 但不能说: Werent it for the expense, I would go to Italy. 第二节 固定结构中的虚拟语气 一、.It is(high) time(that)句型中的虚拟语气 在此句型中,后面的从句的谓语动词
9、常用过去式,.意思为“（现在）该的时候了” It is high time that you got married. It is high time that I lost some weight. 二、.wish+宾语从句结构 I wish it were Spring all the year round. I wish I were Jane. I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 三.If only句中的虚拟语气 If only he were here! If onl
10、y I knew more! If only he had stayed with us! If only I had taken his advice! 注：if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如： If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 四、在would （just ）as soon （宁愿）would sooner （宁愿）would （just） rather （宁愿）后的宾语从句中，从句谓语用一般过去时来表示现在或将来要做的事情，若谈及过去的动作，用过去完成时。其后不加that。. Id rather I were in the
11、rain now. Dont always make noise. Id rather you kept silent. 五、在in case, for fear that, lest等引导的状语从句中，意为“以免”，从句要用虚拟语气。构成should+动词原形，should也可以省略。 Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain. 六、as if/as though或even if/even though引导的从句中的虚拟语气如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去,则谓语动词用had+过去分词形式;如果指的是现在的状况,则用过去式;指将来则用
12、would(should, could)+动词原形.这里只看从句动作发生的时间,与主句的时态没有关系. Some metals look at first sight as though they were gold. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. She looks as if/though she were ill. He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.(倒塌) 七.在表示建议,要求,命令等意思的
13、动词(request, require, demand, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, command, order , desire, insist,)后面的宾语从句中, 谓语动词用should+动词原形,should可以省略,that不能省略. He suggested that we (should) have a meeting. The commander ordered that the bridge(should) be bombed. 八.与表示请求,建议,命令等动词相对应的名词后面的表语从句,同位语从句用虚拟语气.(suggestt
14、ion,command,demand,desire,request,requirement,insist,advice,propose,order). Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized.（表语从句） =We suggested that education not be industrialized. He made a request that he(should) be allowed to take 3 days off. =He requested that he be allowed to take 3 da
15、ys off. 九.表示建议,请求,命令动词在以下结构中（主语从句）“It is suggested/ required/ request/ ordered/ advised/ insisted/ demanded that”用虚拟语气. It was suggested that he (should) attend the conference. It was requested that the trial (should) be reported openly. 十.在以下结构中（主语从句）It is important/ necessary/ strange/ desirable/
16、advisable/ better/ essential/ vital / imperative(必须的)that句型中.that引导的从句用虚拟语气，should 可以省略,that不能省略. It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter。 It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July.第二部分 虚拟语气练习题 一、if条件句中表示对过去的虚拟 1. _, he would have come to cla
17、ss. A If Mike is able to finish his homework B Would Mike be able to finish his homework C If Mike could finish his homework D If Mike had been able to finish his homework 2. _your advice yesterday, I would have missed the train. A Had I not taken B If I didnt take C If I havent taken D Provided I d
18、idnt take 3. He _ killed last night if he had taken part in the surprise attack on the night. A .might be B would be C might have been D. should have been 4. If he had been in better health, he _more books. A. can write B. could have written C. could write D. have written 5._ , everything would have
19、 been all right. A. He had been here B. Been here he had C. Here he had been D. Had he been here 二、 混合虚拟语气 6. I _ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way. A. should arrive B. would be arriving C. could have arrived D. arrived 三、用介词短语(without, but for)代替条件状语从句 7. _ your help, I could
20、not have finished my work so early. A with B by C for D without 8. Without his wise mother, he _ such a successful scientist. A. would not become B. should not have become C. may not have become D. could not have become 四、It s (high/about)time结构 9. Its time the dog _ how to behave properly. A is lea
21、rning B learns C learned D. to learn 10. Its high time you _ the problem carefully about what you will do in the future. A are studied B must study C studied D. study 11. Its high time we_ something to stop road accidents. A are doing B did C will do D. do 12. Its high time _ about the traffic probl
22、em. A. something were done B. something is done C. anything will be done D. nothing to be done 五、 在wish+宾语从句中 13. I wish you _here last night. All of us were waiting for your arrival. A. came B. had come C. come D. will come 六、 在would (just) rather, would (just) as soon ,would sooner(宁愿)结构中 14. Id j
23、ust as soon _those important papers with you. A. that you wont take B. your not taking C please dont you take D. you didnt take 15. Mr. Smith would just rather we_ now , but we must go to work. A. not leave B didnt leave C are not to leave D wont leave 16. I would rather you _ to the party with her.
24、 A go B went C will go D has gone 七、 在表示建议,请求,命令的宾语从句中 17. Experiments _that accurate measurements be made. A. show B. prove C. demand D. head 18. The teacher insisted that we our homework before 9:00 oclock. A. finished B. had finished C. finish D. was finishing 八、表示建议,请求,命令,坚持等同位语、表语从句中的虚拟语气 19. O
25、ne of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature. A. is heated B. will be heated C. be heated D. would be heated 20. We are all for your proposal that the discussion_. A. be put off B. was put off C. will be put off D. should put off 九、主语从句 21. It is requested that
26、 the rent for the house _ in advance. A. will have to be paid B. has to be paid C. should have to be paid D. should be paid 22. It is very important that enough money_ to fund the project . A. be collected B. must be collected C. is collected D. can be collected 23. It is necessary that the problem
27、_ in some way or other. A. is settled B. has been settled C. be settled D. was settled第三部分 补充练习 1. If you _5 minutes earlier, you _ him. A. should come; had seen B. came; would see C. come; will see D. had come; would have seen 2. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a g
28、oal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 3. It is strange that Mr. Zhang _ such silly mistakes. A. made B. makes C. make D. had made 4. They demanded that the books _ to the school library at once. A. return B. should return C. be returned D. would be returned 5. How I wish e
29、very family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 6. It is high time that we _ to think how to deal with the money. A. would begin B. began C. begin D. begun 7. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C.
30、had lain D. should lie 8. If I had had enough time, I _ my work. A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finished D. had finished 9. Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A. will catch B. would catch C. would have caught D. will have caught 10. Mr. Green requires that the students _ a c
31、omposition every other week. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write11. Had he studied hard, he _ the exam. A. would pass B. could pass C. had passed D. would have passed 12. I wish I _ what is happening there in this room. A. know B. known C. knew D. should know 13. If there were no water
32、in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would die C. would have died D. would have been dead 14. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. Had I known B. If I know C. If I knew D. If had I known 15. He ordered that the work _ right away. A. should finish B. finished C. wou
33、ld be finished D. be finished 16. -Shall we go to the movie tonight? - No, Id rather_at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A. you stayed B. you stay C. stayed D. stay 17. Mrs. Black insists _ in that old hotel. A. not to stay B. not staying C. staying not D. tha
34、t she not stay.18. If you had spoken clearly, you would _ . A. understand it B. have understood C. be understood D. have been understood 19.If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watched B. hadnt watched C. didnt watch D. wouldnt have watched 20.Without electronic c
35、omputers, much of todays advanced technology _ achieved. A. will not be B. would not be C. would not have been D. cannot have been 21.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn. You _ so tired. A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt get D. had driven, wouldnt have got 22. Wo
36、uldnt you rather that your child _ to bed early? A. go B. went C. would go D. goes 23.But for the traffic jam, we _ on time. A. arrived B. would arrive C. will have arrived D. would have arrived 24 My suggestion is that he _ there at once. A. should send B. would send C. be sent D. sent 25.If only w
37、e _ about the danger, we could not have joined you. A. knew B. had known C. should know D. know 26.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 27.If he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately
38、. A. was warned: would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned: had not taken 28.Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 29.I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A.
39、has been sent for B. sends for C. will be send for D. be send for30.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from doing. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 31. _, all the students would hear. A. If the teacher had spok
40、en louder B. If the teacher will speak louder C. Had the teacher spoken louder D. If the teacher spoke louder 32. It is of the utmost importance that gasoline _ smoothly in the engine if the engine is to function properly. A. burns B. burn C. would burn D. has burned 33. What should we do if it_ tom
41、orrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 34. If you_ at school, you_ a college student now. A. had studied hard; would have been B. should have studied hard; should have been C. had studied hard; would be D. would study hard; must have been 35.We_ the work on time without your help.
42、A. hadnt finished B. didnt have finished C. couldnt have finished D. cant have finished 36. He must have had an accident, or he _then. A. would have been here B. had to be here C. should be here D. would be here 37. _ I been there, I could have explained it. A. Have B. Should C. Would D. Had 38.We i
43、nsist that a meeting _ held as soon as possible. A. have been B. should be C. to be D. being 39. Eleven thirty. Its time we _ lunch. A. must prepare B. are preparing C. prepared D. prepare 40. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 41.T
44、he apartment manager demanded _ immediately. A. Bill to move out B. that Bill move out C. that Bill moves out D. that Bill moved out 42. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed 43. The teacher demanded that the exam
45、_ before eleven. A must finish B would be finished C be finished D must be finished 44. They must have been enjoying themselves there, or they _ so long. A. cant have stayed B. wouldnt have stayed. C. neednt have stayed D. couldnt stay 45._ you were coming, Id have met you at the railway station. A. I had known B. I have known C. Had I known D. Have I known 46 _, we could not have finished the work on time. A. If they do not help B. Should they offer to help C. But for their help D. It was not for their help. 47. Your suggestion that he _ till next week is reasonable.A. will wait B.