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1、.重点 -For 和 To 的用法for 有很多种用法：1. 表示 “当作、作为 ”。Eg:I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。 What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么 ?2. 表示理由或原因 ,意为 “因为、由于 ”。Eg:Thank you for helping me with my English.谢谢你帮我学习英语。Thank you for your last letter.谢谢你上次的来信。Thank you for teaching us so well.感谢你如此尽
2、心地教我们。3. 表示动作的对象或接受者 ,意为 “给 ”、“对 (而言 ) ”。Eg: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。Watching TV too much is bad for your health.看电视太多有害于你的健康。4. 表示时间、距离 ,意为 “计、达 ”。Eg:I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days.我们将在那里逗留两天。5. 表示去向、目的 ,意为 “向、往、取、买 ”等。Eg: L
3、et s go for a walk.我们出去散步吧。I came here for my schoolbag. 我来这儿取书包。I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我花了 20 元买这本词典。6. 表示所属关系或用途 ,意为 “为、适于 的 ”。Eg:It s time for school到.上学的时间了。Here is a letter for you.这儿有你的一封信。7. 表示 “支持、赞成 ”。Eg:Are you for this plan or against it?你是支持还是反对这个计划?8. 用于一些固定搭配中。 如 :Eg:Wh
4、o are you waiting for?你在等谁 ?For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher. 比如 ,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。to 的用法 :一：表示相对，针对be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) toEg:Air is indispensable to life.Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation
5、.This injection will make you immune to infection.二：表示对比，比较1：以 -ior 结尾的形容词，后接介词to 表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,juniorEg:The quarrel happened prior to my arrival.2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如:equal ，similar ，equivalent ，analogous.Eg:A is similar to B in many ways.3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequen
6、t,next,preliminary,preparatoryEg:Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.4: to 也偶尔出现在个别动词之后 ,与动词形成固定词组 ,表示比较 ,如 :prefer to,compare to,in contrast to1)compare to sth. 表示比喻或比拟 ,而 compare with sth. 表示比较 Eg: World is usually compared to a stage.Compared with his past,he has changed a lot.2
7、)Prefer 的正确句型是 :prefer A to B 或 prefer doing A to doing B, 但当 prefer 后接动词不定式时 ,表示比较的介 词 to 就要改成 rather thanEg:The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.Many people prefer spending money to earning money.They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.5: to 与及个别的名词构成比较之意
8、,如:alternativeEg:Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.三 : 表示修饰关系1: 表示回复 ,反应意思的词 ,如: answer to question, solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter2: 表示建筑构件的词汇 ,如 : entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,pathEg:the appro
9、ach to a bridge引桥the approach to scienceHalf of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.The access to education接受教育的机会The access to medicalcare 享受公费医疗的权利3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如 :assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain,successor to tradition, heir to throne,deputy to the Natio
10、nal People sCongress ,advisor to the Prime Minister4: 表示权利和许可的词汇 ,如:right,admissionEg:The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.Everyone has an equal right to .5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇 ,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress6: 表示与书籍 ,文本相关的词 ,如 :introduction to passage.7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺 ,如:Eg:The
11、 director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.Let s drink to Dick s success in business8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法 ,有的具有两者息息相关 ,缺一不可的含义 .如 :key to door,invitation toparty, guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school四 : to 还具有依据 ,伴随 ,和着节奏的含义 ,如 :sing to piano, chance to the tune,stamp to th
12、e rhythm of the song, add salt to taste（一）：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,berelevant to,link to.Eg:Investigate all the facts related to the problem.People often linked walth to happiness.（二）：表示反对和赞同。1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组 :Be opposed to,be oppsist to,becontrary to,be adverse
13、 to,beresistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline toEg:These buildings are resistant to earthquake.They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.2: to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组： consent to,subseribe to,Eg: The employer consented to give him a salary raise.3: to引导的表示
14、调整，使符合，使适应的含义的词组：adapt to,commodate to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater toEg:She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.Your action should conform to the interests of the people.They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.His word
15、s doe sn t fit to his actions.Suit your writing style to the masses.4: to 引导的表示投降 ,屈服 ,服从的含义的词组 :be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to.Eg:The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthqua
16、ke.He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet.We re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat.五 : 表示趋势或倾向 ,如 :tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to Eg: He s liableto seasickness.You are liable to come to wrong conclusion.六 : 表示对事情的坚持与执着 ,如 :sick to,hold o,
17、adhere to,cling toEg:He still holds on to his original views.七 : 表示约束 ,局限 ,如 :limit to,confine to,resrict to Eg: He s confined to the house by illness.He confined his remarks to scientific mangement.八 : 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如 :get (be) to,used to,be accustomed toEg:Finally,the students got used to my teach
18、ing method.九 : 表示起因和原由 ,如 :owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to Eg: The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog.The famous artist attributed his success to his wife.十 : 表示目的或结果 ,如 :aim to,lead to,give rise to Eg: I aim to be an excellent college teacher.His conceit lead to his failu
19、re.These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises 十一 : 表示命运 ,注定 ,如:be doomed to,be destined to,Eg:All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail.十二 : 表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount toEg:In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money.The annual
20、 output of steel amounts to 1200 tons.十三 : 表示全身心投入的含义,如 :be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,committoEg:He is determined to devote all his life to his.十四 : 表示展望或是回顾 ,如 :look forward to反 date back toEg:The church dates back to the 13th century.十五 : 表示方位概念 .如 :close to,next toEg:I don t like wool n
21、ext to my skin.十六 : 表示依靠或借助 ,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to,Eg:He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute.十七 : 表示有关注 ,关于 : as to,with regard to十八 : 表示关注或重视 ,如:pay attention to,attach to,Eg:We should attach primary importance to job training.十九 : 表示依据或是根据 ,如 :according to,in proportion
22、 toEg:According to today s newspaper,the match will be postponed.The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion toheir economic importance.二十 : 表示应该或必须含义的句式, 如:Eg:It s time to get up.We are supposed to get here at seven.It s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons.常用词组 :respon
23、d to （反应） , appeal to （吸引） , catch on to （理解） , listen to （收听） ,used to （过去常常） , give birth to,attend to （照料） , see to （负责） , be entitled to （有权） , belong to （属于） , come to （苏醒） , stand up to （勇敢面对） , help oneself to （请自便） , refer to,to the point （切题） ,Eg:Train them to stand up to any severe test in
24、 hard.The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel.See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim.You will catch on to the job shortly after wards.People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news.For 和 with1.字典说：withprep.1. 与 .一起 ,偕同 ,和 .2. 带着 .;有 .的3. 以 (手段、材料
25、 ),用 (工具 )4. 符合 ,一致5. 在 .一边 ,赞成6. 跟 .,反对.7. 顺 .方向 ,跟 .一起8. 加上 ,包括 .在内9. 随着 ,对应10. 在 .身边 ,在 .身上11. 与.(相比 )12. 跟 .(分手 )13. 尽管有14. 由于 ,因为15. (与副词连用构成祈使句 ,表示强烈的愿望 )(误 )My father said to me that it was dangerous to play fire.(正 )My father said to me that it was dangerous to play with fire.（ play 后接运动，球类比
26、赛时是及物动词；后接玩的东西时是不及物动词，与with 连用。）forprep.1. 为 ,为了2. 代替 ;代表3. 因为 ,由于4. 在 (指定时间 )5. (表示时间、距离等 )达 ,计6. 对于 ,关于 ;在.方面7. 为得到 ,为赢得8. 以 .为代价 ; 以.交换9. 当作 ,作为10. 赞成 ;支持 ;倾向于11. 朝.方向去 ;往 ,向12. 就 .而言conj.1. 因为 ,由于with 相当汉语中的 “和 ”。既然叫 “和 ”，就有 “与谁在一起之意 ”。然而，英语的 “ with和”汉语的“和 ”区别在于：汉语中将 “和 ”用于特指 “人与人 ”之间在一起；而 “人与物
27、”在一起时，汉语会以 “用 ”来指代。英文中 “with 的”意义，却包括了上述两个意义，即与人用 “with，”与物也用“with 。”“ for这”个词 “目的性 ”很强，想达到 “目的 ”时，你肯定会用 “ for 而”,不会用 “ with。”你离开某地到哪儿去，也会说 “forsomewhere”，绝对不会说 “with somewhere ；”另外，无论你想什么，朝什么方向，在英文中都好似是表示一种“目的性 ”，都同样用 “for 来”表达，不会用“with ，”这样一来，上述两个词就可以很轻松地区分开来。易混淆介词及词组归类1、in 段时间，与将来时连用，表过一段时间之后.段时间
28、，与过去时连用，表过一段时间之后 after 点时间，与将来时连用，表多少时间之后Eg. He will be back after three o clock.He will be back in a few minutes.He came back after three days.2. in the east of （内含）（根据数学中两圆关系的判断）to the east of（相离）on the east of（外切）3 in the tree （表示树上不能生长的东西）on the tree （表示能在树上生长的东西）4. in the wall（在墙的内部 ）on the wal
29、l（在墙的表面 ）5. be made of由什么材料组成(看得出原材料 )be madefrom（看不得出原材料）be made in在哪里制造be made by由什么人制造6.be used for 被用来做什么be used as被当作什么来使用be used by由什么人来用used to过去常常做某事7.go on 继续go on doing sth/ go on with sth 接着做相同的事go on to do sth继续做不同的事在下列情况下，时间状语前不用介词：1.当时间状语是 today, tonight, yesterday, the day before yest
30、erday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening等时。She went to the park yesterday.Illbe free tomorrow morning.2.含有 this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等的时间状语不用介词。We are going to play basketball this afternoon.I saw him in the street last Sunday.My
31、 mother gets up early every morning.We are working on the farm these days.3.以 all 开头的时间状语。如： all day, all week, all year 等前面不用介词。He was busy all day yesterday.She was ill in bed all week.4.以 some, any, one等构成的时间状语前不用介词。You will feel sorry for it some day.You can come and ask me any time you like.This happened one winter morning.?注意：当 one 变成 a 时，往往就要用介词on。?This happened on a wintersmorning.