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1、.简单句的五种基本句型讲解及习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语： 表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：（乡村音乐） has become more and more popular.（名词）（我们） often speak English in class. （代词）（三分之
2、一） of the students in this class are girls. （数词）（游泳）in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）（吸烟）does harm to the health.（动名词）（富人）should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）（什么时候我们参加考试）has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary（学会一门外语） .（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语： 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语：We（学习） for t
3、he people.2)复合谓语：I（可以说）a little English.We（正在读） books.He（已经去了）toBeijing.3、表语 : 它位于系动词(比如 be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is（一个护士）.Is it（你的） ?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting. （分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is（教英语）.（不定式）The ruler must be（在你的包里） （介词短语）Time i
4、s（到了） . The class is（结束） .（副词）The truth is（他没有去过国外） .（表语从句）His hobby（爱好） is（打篮球）（动名词）4、宾语 : 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like（英语） .How many dictionaries do you have? I have（本字典） .（数词）They helped（老人） with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词）It began（下雨） .（不定式短语）I enjoy （喜欢听流行音乐）.（动名词短语）I think （他适合 be fit
5、for这份工作）（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。He gave (给我一些墨水）.有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make（让他成为我们的班长monitor).5、宾补 : 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的I see you(正在横穿马路） .His father named himDavid .（名词）They painted （涂漆）their boat(白色的） .（形容词）Let the fresh （新鲜的）air （进来） .（副词）You mustn
6、 t force him.（不定式短语）We saw her（正走进办公室） .（现在分词）We found everything in the lab（井然有序 order ）.（介词短语）.6、定语 : 在句中修饰 名词或代词 的成分叫定语。He is（新生） student. 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。The bike（在那个方房间）is mine.Guilin is a（漂亮的） city.（形容词）China is a（发展中）country; America is a（发达） country. （分词）There are thirty（女性的）t
7、eachers is our school.（名词）（她的） progress（进步） in English made us surprised. （代词）Our monitor （班长）is always the first（进教室的人） .（不定式短语）He is reading an article( 文章 )（关于如何学好英语） .（介词短语）7、状语 : 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。He lives（在伦敦） .Light travels（最快的） .（副词及副词性词组）He has
8、lived in the city(十年了） .（介词短语）He is sorry( 打扰你了） .（不定式短语）He is in the room.（制造了一架模型飞机） （分词短语）（一旦你开始） , you must continue. （状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again（六点钟） ?（时间状语）Last night she didn t go to the dance party（由于下雨） .（原因状语）I shall go there（假如不下雨） .（条件状语）Mr Smith lives（在三楼） .（地点状语）She put the eg
9、gs into the basket（小心翼翼的） .（方式状语）She came in（手里边拿着一本字典） .（伴随状语）（为了赶上其他人） , I must work harder. （目的状语）（ in order to ）He was so tiredShe works very hardI am taller(以至于他立马就睡着了）.（结果状语）（尽管他年龄很大） .（让步状语）（比他高） .（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3.
10、 I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.简单句的五种基本句型8. Tom came to ask me for advice （建议） .9. He found it important to master English.10. Do yo
11、u have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed （注意到）a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基
12、本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S 十 V 主谓结构主语 不及物动词S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构主语 连系动词表语.S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构主语 及物动词 宾语S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构判断类型和句子成分：She cameShe likes English.She is happyThe teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought a book for me.She gave John a bookMy head aches.She makes her mother angr
13、yThe sun was shining.The moon rose.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮。His face turned red. 他的脸红了。Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bo
14、ught you a dictionary.She ordered herself a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？The children are playing happily.The Greens enjoy
15、living in China.He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一： S 十 V 主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,如： 学生们学习很努力。 _基本句型二 : S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是 )； get( 变得 ), become(成为 ), turn( 变得 ), look
16、( 看起来 ), feel( 感到 ), smell( 闻起来 ), taste(尝起来 ), sound(听起来 ), seem(似乎 )A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1) We should _ _ any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove, 等等。如：1) Spring comes. It is _.
17、春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2) Dont have the food. _. 不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三 : S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构1) 我昨天看了一部电影。_.2） They have _ _ _ of the children 这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四 : S 十 V 十间接宾语 “人 ”十直接宾语 “物”结构间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：bring,give,hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write 等。间接宾语前需要加for 的常用
18、动词有：buy, choose, make, order, paint, play( 演奏 )， sing,等。1） Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthdaypresent.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。.2) The old man _ _ _ _ _ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为：动词 直接宾语 for/ to sb.3) Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _.请把你的画给我看一下。4) I _ _ the salt. = I _t
19、he salt _ _.我把书递给他。基本句型五 : S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫） , choose（选） , find（发现） ,make, name(命名 )1） Keep _, please.请让孩子们安静下来。2） They painted_.他们把门漆成绿色。3) We must _.我们必须保持我们的学校洁。4) He asked me _ soon.他要我早点回来。5）我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。_.注意：动词 have, make, let
20、, see, hear, notice, feel, watch 等后面接动词不定式作宾补时，不带 to。如：6）The boss_ _ _ all day. ( 迫使他劳动 )7) We saw _ _. ( 他出去 )。考点突破训练1.I am sorry to have kept you_A to waitB wait C waitedD waiting2.I felt somebody _ me.A touchB touchedC to touchD touches3.He taught me _ speak English.A how shouldB howC how can ID
21、how to4.I shall make your dream _.A coming trulyB come trueC to come trueD comes true5.He told _ home.A us not to goB we not goC us not goD us to not go6.I think _ a good habit to get up early.A thisB itC thatD its7.Roses in bloom smell _.A sweetenB sweetlyC sweetD sweetness8.The weather _. A. wet a
22、nd coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold9.The apple tasted _.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet10.He got up _ yesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter11. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we12.I thi
23、nk _necessary （必要的）to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is13.The dog _ mad （疯的） .A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room,
24、isn t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at themeeting is very important, isn tit?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.