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1、最新资料推荐在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语 ） 句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有：who ，what ， which 等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer， please ？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作
2、主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose ，what ，which ，howmany ， how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。 连接词在从句中作宾语、 状语或表语。常见的连接词有： who（ m ），what ，which ， how many ，how much ， when ，why ， how ， where
3、， if whether （在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有： what ，which ，how many ，how much ，how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew who
4、se pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that 引导， that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if 或 whether 引导，意为 是否 。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether ：在具有选择意义，又有or
5、或 or not 时，尤其是直接与or not 连用时，往往用 whether （ if or not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（ Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whetherif he does any washing or not（ I dont know whether or not he does anywashing ）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we
6、 go我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用 whether 。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用 whether 。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont
7、know whether to go 我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether 置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not ，I cant say 这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether 。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们
8、能否赶上公共汽车。若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether 。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：a Please let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b If you like the book ，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。1最新资料推荐3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？
9、你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know wh
10、o he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。4注意：if 和 when 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if 和 when 引导宾语从句时， 分别意为 是否 和何时 ，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思
11、分别为 如果，假如 和 当 时候 ，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：-Do you know when he will come back tomorrow？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？-Sorry ， I dont know When he comes back， Ill tell you 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。-I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。-He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他会来的。简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇
12、到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是 hope ， decide ， wish ， choose ， agree ， promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him.We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是 k
13、now ， learn ， remember ， forget ， tell 等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 + 不定式 结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是 tell， ask ， show ， teach 等动词，且后带双宾语， 从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 + 不定式 结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the statio
14、n？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是 order （命令），require （需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为 名词（代词） + 不定式 结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmasterordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us
15、.He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born.The poor boy doesnt know the time andthe place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为宾语 +V-ing 形式（作宾语补足语）结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词 se
16、em 后的宾语从句， 也可以用不定式 （短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going towin.The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well.I found it difficult to learn English well.2最新资料推荐Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.Soon we fou
17、nd the ground covered withthick snow.They found that the box was very heavy.They found the box very heavy3最新资料推荐英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题习题 (一 )1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never
18、gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D
19、. had travelled答案 :1-5 A D C B C习题 (二 )1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would
20、be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening A. what B when C why D how7. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose答案 :1-7 C B B A A A C习题 (三 )1.
21、They dont know their parents are. A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me _what last year.A. where does your sister workB where did your sister workC where your sister worksD where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose p
22、en was it 4. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know _?A. who he was looking afterB. who was he looking forC. who he is looking forD. who he is looking after6 Could you tell me _ ?A. when will they le
23、ave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 答案 :1-6 B D B A A C4最新资料推荐习题 (四 )1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _Who Moved My Cheesewas an interestingbook. ( 北京市东城区 )A. that B. how C. whatD. if2. -I dont know _ Mr. Green
24、 will come to see us.-He will help us with our English. (杭州市 )A. why B. when C. how D. where3. -We never know _ the old m an is.-They say he is a teacher. (鄂州市 )A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers. (重庆市 )A. that how B. how that C. w
25、hen that D. that when5. -Do you know _ Im going to see him.-Sorry, I dont know. (北京市海淀区 )A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. -W here do you think _ he _ the computer-Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市 )A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. do
26、es; buy7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me _ this morning. (重庆市 )A. what the matter is B. what is wrongC. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. -Where is Jack-He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure _ .(南昌市 )A. that B. which C. where D. there答案 :1-4 D A A D 5-8 C A C C5