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1、,The Passive Voice (被动语态）,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by 动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp,主动语态,被动语态,sb do/does,1.表示经常发生 的动作和存在的 状态 2.客观事实和普 遍真理,always, often, never, sometimes, usually, seldom, every day, once a month,1.was/ were 2.v的过去式,表示过去某个时间里发生的动作和存在的
2、状态,yesterday, last night, -ago, just now, last year, in 1999, when, before , after, until, as soon as 表示过去的时间状语从句。,1.助动词shall/will+ v原形 2.be going to +v 原形,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或打算要做的事。,tomorrow, next year, in two weeks , later, soon, before long, in 2010, from now on,be(am,is,are)+ving,表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的动词,
3、look, listen, now, these days, at present ,this week, at 8:00,表示过去某一时间正在发生与进行的动作,was/were +ving,this time yesterday, at that time, at 9:00 yesterday,have/has+ved,过去发生的动作对现在 造成的影响 过去的动作持续到现 在，并有可能还要延续,had+ved,表示过去某时为止或过去某个时间之前已经发生完成的动作,by the end of+过去时间， when, before +从句（过去式）,already, yet, just, eve
4、r, never, once, for, since,would+v原形 Was/were going to+v原形,表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在主句是过去式宾语从句中,Exercise: Water _(freeze) at the temperature 0. The air _( keep ) moving all the time. The town _( lie) to the west of the hill. I _( believe) you _ tell the truth now. - _ my son _ (work) hard this term?
5、- Oh, yes, he _(try) his best now. 6. _ the hat _ (fit) me well? 7. What has happened to the fish, Mary? - Mum, the cat _ (eat) the fish. Just now the cat _(jump) onto the table and _(eat) it up. 8. Sam _( live) in the small town for five years during the war. 9. It is ages since I last _(see) you.
6、You _(grow) taller. 10. He wont tell us where he _(get) the book.,freezes,keeps,lies,believe,are telling,Is working,is trying,Does fit,has eaten,jumped,ate,lived,saw,have grown,got,常见的几种被动语态有： (1)一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + done 一般现在时：do/does (2)一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done 一般过去时：did (3)一般将来时的被动语态：will/shall
7、+be done 一般将来时：will/shall+do (4)过去将来时的被动语态：would/should+be done 过去将来时:would/should+do,be+done,(5)现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are+being done 现在进行时:is/am/are+doing (6)过去进行时态的被动语态:was/were+being done 过去进行时:was/were+doing (7)现在完成时的被动语态：have/has+been done 现在完成时:have/has+done (8)过去完成时的被动语态：had+been done 过去完成时:had+do
8、ne,be+done,一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 过去将来时 would be done; was/were going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must be do
9、ne,各种时态的被动语态：,The bridge ( build) last year. The Olympic Games (hold) every four years. The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. His new book (publish) next month. The classroom (not clean) yet. 6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks. 8
10、. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project (finish) by 2010.,was built,are held,is being discussed,will be published,has not been cleaned,was being repaired,had been typed,would be given,will
11、 have been learned,would have been finished,The bridge ( build) last year. The Olympic Games (hold) every four years. The problem (discuss) at the meeting now. His new book (publish) next month. The classroom (not clean) yet. 6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (ty
12、pe) by Li Mei for two weeks. 8. Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project (finish) by 2010.,was built,are held,is being discussed,will be published,has not been cleaned,was being repaired,had
13、been typed,would be given,will have been learned,would have been finished,1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词短语, 如: happen,
14、 last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动表示被动 例: 1.How long did it last? 2.Great changes have taken place in Shanghai in the last few years. 3.I wish my dream would come true.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2. 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fi
15、ts me well.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,3.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read，write, wash等, 当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very
16、 well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,5.It is said that +从句及其他类似句型,一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可用于句型 “Itbe过去分词that从句” 或 “主语be过去分词to do sth.”,It is said that据说, It is reported that据报道， It is believed that大家相信， It is hoped that大家希望， It is well known that众所周知
17、， It is thought that大家认为， It is suggested that据建议。 例: It is said that the boy has passed the exam. The boy is said to have passed the exam.,动词不定式的被动语态,思考：动词在句子中一般做什么成分？,谓语,非谓语,动词,动词不定式,to+动词原形,判断下列句子中的动词是谓语还是非谓语 1. He likes to play basketball. 2. I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. 3. He pr
18、etended to be reading when I came in. 4. Tom said that he was very happy to hear the news which was told by Mary.,非,非,非,谓,谓,谓,谓,非,谓,谓,谓,1. He pretended(假装) to be reading. 2. It is important for us to study English well. 3. To see is to believe. 4. He spoke loudly to be heard. 5. The students were ma
19、de to do their homework after class. 6. I have no chance to go abroad.,下列句子中画线部分都是什么？在句中做什么成分？（主、宾、宾补、定、表、状）,宾,主,主,表,状,宾补,定,不定式的时态和语态,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,主动语态,被动语态,(not),(not),1. I have some dishes（餐具）_ (wash) in the kitchen.,Sentence ma
20、king,wash,to be washed,Practice makes perfect!,【考点】 to be done,2. The house is _(sell).,to be sold,sell,2,4,receive,4. I expect the mail _ _ (receive) quickly.,to be,3. The singer refused _ _ (photograph).,photographed,photograph,received,to be,5. He had to shout _(hear).,5,hear,to be heard,6. It is
21、 unlucky _(see) by such a big animal.,to be seen,see,6,在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成 逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名 词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时, He has nothing to eat. 分析： eat 动nothing宾 / he 主eat 谓 I will give you a book to read . 分析： _ 动_宾/ _主_谓 这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。,read,a book,you,read,The elegant lady ha
22、d something to declare., 比较： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter) I have a lot of letters to be typed. (意思为： I get sb. to type the letter) 1) Ill go to New York. Have you anything _(take) to your wife there? 2) Have you any clothes _(wash), sir?” asked the maid 3) I c
23、annot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash),to be taken,to be washed,to wash, 注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时， 不定式则必须用被动式。,在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。 2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do” 中， 主语也是 不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是 动宾关系。 This question is easy to answer. （分析：answer (动)-this question （宾） 注意： 如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。 John is
24、 difficult to deal with. （分析：_(动)-_(宾)） 如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。 这题目很难算出来。,deal with,John,The armchair is comfortable to sit in,The question is difficult to work out,注意：非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。,在need，want，require等词的后面, 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例: The house needs repairing. to be repa
25、ired ,1. Allen doesnt think her English is good enough to work abroad, and it needs _ (improve). 2. All of us come here _ (learn ) knowledge. 3.Mr Smith warned his daughter _(not drive) after drinking 4. This problem is said to _ (discuss) twice. 5. She pretended _ (read) English when the teacher ca
26、me in. 1. _ (sleep) late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm 2. He is thought _ (kill) in an air crash . 3. I hurried to the meeting hall, only _ (tell) that the meeting had been put off. 4. The play _ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture,用所给词的正确形式填空 1. Allen doesnt t
27、hink her English is good enough to work abroad, and it needs _ (improve). 2. All of us come here _ (learn ) knowledge. 3.Mr Smith warned his daughter _(not drive) after drinking 4. This problem is said to _ (discuss) twice. 5. She pretended _ (read) English when the teacher came in.,to be improved /
28、 improving,to be reading,have been discussed,not to drive,to learn,不定式 与高考题 1. _ (sleep) late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (2001年北京春季高考) 2. He is thought _ (kill) in an air crash(空难). (2008上海秋季） 3. I hurried to the meeting hall, only _ (tell) that the meeting had been put off. (2011年高
29、考江浙卷) 4. The play _ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.(2009 年安徽卷),to be told,to be produced,To sleep,to have been killed,1. It will take several weeks for your computer to _ (repair). 2. I knew him _ (catch) by the police. 3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at o
30、nce. 4.This makes it possible for them _(make) metals into any required shapes. 5. Dick sped on the motorway only _ (fine). 6. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed _ (steal) it.,be repaired,to have been caught,to be taken,to make,to have stolen,to be fined,练习,7. I hope _(a
31、dmit) to Zhongshan University. 8.The book is said to _ (translate) into several languages. 9.I feel greatly honored _ (welcome) into their society . 10.Come on! It is an easy sentence _ (translate). 11.When I came in, he pretended to _.(read) 12.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _(receive)
32、in time for Christmas. 13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive) after drinking.,to translate,to be welcomed,have been translated,to be admitted,be reading,to be received,not to drive,14. Hearing the good news, he was too excited _ (speak). 15. It happened _ (rain) when I got there. 16. I am ter
33、ribly sorry _(lose) your key. 17. I am sorry _(say )that he is going from bad to worse. 18. He asked _(send) to the place where he was most needed. 19. What he hoped was _(admit) into the university 20. He got to the station only _(find) all the tickets had been sold out. 21. I am sorry _(keep) you
34、waiting so long.,to speak,to be raining,to have lost,to say,to be sent,to be admitted,to find,to have kept,22.On their return the father asked his son _(explain) what he had learnt. 23.My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. 24.I dont know whether you happen _(
35、hear), but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September. 25.The flu is believed _(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. 26.He seems _（punish) by his teacher yesterday. 27._(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her. 28. He was t
36、oo frightened _ (say) anything.,to explain,to take,to have heard,to be caused,to have been punished,To save,to say,29.The school ordered all the classroom _( clean ). 30.My grandmother seems to have a lot _ (worry) about. 31.I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter _(post)? 32.You are l
37、ucky enough _ (not catch) in the rain.,not to have been caught,to be posted,to worry,to be cleaned,to be done 可以在句中作什么成分？ 1. I have some dishes to be washed in the kitchen. 2. The house is to be sold. 3. The singer refused to be photographed 4. I expect the mail to be received quickly. 5. He had to
38、shout to be heard . 6. It is unlucky to be seen by such a big animal.,to be done 同样可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、（后置）定语、宾补和状语。,定,表,宾,宾补,状,主,Article5_popwin_in the world,1下一届奥运会将于2012年在伦敦举行。 2 奶奶告诉他要好好保管这枚戒指。 3我现在很忙。我有很多作业要做。 4到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。,The next Olympic Games will be held in London in 2012.,He was told b
39、y his grandma that the ring should be kept well.,Im busy now. I have lots of homework to do.,So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times.,Translate the following sentences into English.,Article5_popwin_embarrassed1,5你的外套该洗洗了。 6我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。 7 这本书值得一看。 8 有人看到他昨天下午在操场上打篮球。,Your coat n
40、eeds cleaning / to be cleaned.,I was bought a new bicycle by my father.,This book is worth reading.,He was seen playing basketball on the playground yesterday afternoon.,Article5_popwin_embarrassed2,9 你的理由听起来挺合理的 。 10 有人听到他向他的朋友说再见。,Your reason sounds reasonable.,He was heard to say goodbye to his friend.,