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1、Part One: Lead-in Part Two: About the Author Part Three: Language StudyPart Four: Text AppreciationPart Five: Extension,CONTENTS,Part I Lead-in,Picture Description Discussion and Quotations on Thinking,Please describe the following pictures in detail and depict their symbolic meaning in your own wor
2、ds.,Goddess Venus,Picture Description,Rodins Thinker,The Leopard,Discussion about thinking 1. Well-known classification: Affective thinking Rational thinking 2. Explanation of thinking from the text proper Grade-three thinking Grade-two thinking Grade-one thinking,I think so, because they all say so
3、!,Its not true. What you said is self-contradictory.,Look! I dont care what everybody says. Here is the truth.,Which grade of thinker will say the below?,Summary,Summary of the three levels of thinking,“Intelligence is something we are born with. Thinking is a skill that must be learned.” Edward de
4、Bono,“I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.” Socrates,Quotations on Thinking,“Nurture your mind with great thoughts.” Benjamin Disraeli,“What is the hardest task in the world? To think.” Ralph Waldo Emerson,“We think too small. Like the frog at the bottom of the well. He think
5、s the sky is only as big as the top of the well. If he surfaced, he would have an entirely different view.” Mao Zedong,“Learning without thought is labor lost. Confucius,Part II About the Author,William Golding,19111993,2. winner of 1983 Nobel Prize in literature,1. a British novelist and poet,3. ma
6、sterpiece: Lord of the Flies (蝇王）（1954）,5. going to Oxford University (Brasenose College) in 1930, studying natural sciences and English language, later changing into literature,4. the features of Goldings novel: the intrinsic cruelty of man,6. having received a knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in
7、 1988,Part III Language Study,acquaintance,n. a. (CN) a person whom one knows b. (UN) knowledge or information about sth. or someone acquaintanceship n. acquaint v. (with) to come to know personally; to make familiar; to inform;,Examples: She has become merely a nodding acquaintance. Few of my acqua
8、intances like kiwi. The guide has some acquaintance with Italian. He has a wide acquaintanceship among all sorts of people.,点头之交 认识的人 懂一点意大利语 交往甚广,Translation,Examples: Let me acquaint you with my family. You must acquaint yourself with your new duties. Please acquaint us with your plans.,be (become
9、, get) acquainted with I am already acquainted with the facts. make sb.s acquaintance (make the acquaintance of sb.) So pleased to have made your acquaintance.,结识某人,anguish,v. (vi.) to feel or suffer anguish n. agonizing physical or mental pain anguished a.,suffering, agony, distress, grief, misery,
10、 pain, sorrow, torment,Synonyms,bulge,v. to curve outward; to swell up; to stick out n. a. a protruding part; an outward curve or swelling b. a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or quantity,Examples: His pocket was bulging with sweets. The baby boom created a bulge in school enrollment.,E
11、xamples: She was in anguish over her missing child. anguished cries,confer,a. to bestow (e.g. an honor) 授予 b. (vi.) to meet in order to deliberate together or compare views 协商,Examples: The government conferred a medal on the hero. Diplomas were conferred on members of graduating class. The engineer
12、s and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident.,confer sth. on sb. (授予） confer with sb. on /about sth.,award,Synonym,award sth. to sb. award sb. sth.,contemplate,v. a. to look at attentively and thoughtfully b. to consider carefully and at length; c. to have in mind as an intentio
13、n or possibility,Synonyms,consider ponder meditate deliberate brood over,Examples: She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror. The young surgeon contemplated the difficult operation of kidney transplant. She is contemplating a trip to Europe, but she hasnt planned it yet.,Word formation,a. con
14、temptible 可鄙的，卑劣的 contemptuous 藐视的，傲慢的，轻视的,n. scorn; a feeling that sb. or sth. is not important and does not deserve any respect,contempt,He was utterly contemptuous of her efforts. 他完全蔑视她的努力。,Evasion of ones duty is contemptible. 逃避职责乃可鄙之事。,Example: I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest b
15、ehavior.,exalt,v. a. to raise in rank, character, or status b. to glorify, praise, or honor exalted a. excited; noble; exaggerated,Sentence Paraphrase Writing Device Further Understanding 1. Theme 2. Structure 3. More Questions,Part VI Text Appreciation,Sentence Paraphrase 1,I was not integrated, I
16、was, if anything, disintegrated. (Para. 4),Forming a part of a harmonious group,The direct opposite of “integrated”, and therefore means some kind of trouble maker. This is not the the way the word is normally used.,on the contrary,Sentence Paraphrase 2,The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindqu
17、arters of the leopard in endless gloom. (Para. 9),To think for a long time in order to understand better in a gloomy manner,The author expressed the boys viewing of the image of Thinker in a humorous way to show that the thinking doesnt make any sense to him.,The teachers glasses caught the light an
18、d therefore the boy could not see the teachers eyes. He could not have any eye contact. He could have any communication with him. The implied meaning of this sentence is that they could not communicate, not because of this but because of the teachers lack of understanding of the boy.,Sentence Paraph
19、rase 3,His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them. There was no possibility of communication. (Para. 9),To have the light shine on it brightly and suddenly,Scan the text and list out the related information.,Venus,Leopard,Rodins Thinker,naked with nothing but a b
20、ath towel; no arms; in an unfortunate position,crouching; naked,naked, muscular, who sat, looking down; his chin on his fist and elbow on his knee,frozen in panic, worrying about the towel,busying being beautiful,ready to spring down at the top drawer from the cupboard,utterly miserable; contemplate
21、 the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom,busy being natural,not miserable, an image of pure thought,Sentence Paraphrase 4,On one occasion he headmaster leaped to his feet, reached up and put Rodins masterpiece on the desk before me. (Para. 13),to jump up,to move a hand or arm upward in orde
22、r to touch, hold, or pick up sth.,Three parallel verb phrases are used to describe the sequence of his actions.,More examples,to ones feet,to leap to ones feet to rise to ones feet to struggle to ones feet to stagger to ones feet to help sb. to ones feet to pull sb. to his feet,一跃而起 站起身来 挣扎着站起来 蹒跚而立
23、 扶某人站起来 把某人拉起来,Sentence Paraphrase 5,Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out. (Para. 15),A keen intuitive (直觉的) power. Here the author means the ability to think.,To provide sb. with a natural quality or talent,Everybody, except me, are born with the ability
24、to think.,Note the humorous effect achieved through the use of the exaggeration and formal style.,Sentence Paraphrase 6,The fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unaccustomed to this.,He would stagger or be thrown off balance,Unable to do anything for
25、the rest of the morning,V-ed and V-ing as object complement,You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, usel
26、ess for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19),Writing Devices 1,You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, us
27、eless for the rest of the morning. (Para. 19),Sentence Paraphrase 7,Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of duty. (Para. 20),To be habitually inclined to do (sth.): e.g. He is much given to blowing his own trumpet. She was given to hasty decision.,a
28、highly moral speech,Obviously in Mr. Houghtons clean life, there is no place for alcoholic drink, sex, and other worldly pleasures. This is, of course, ironical.,The author is ridiculing the contradiction between his high moral tone and the working of his genes which compels him to turn his head tow
29、ard young girls.,Sentence Paraphrase 8,Yet in the middle of these monologues, if a girl passed the window, his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight. In this instance, he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 20),To
30、turn by itself; to turn on its own,Parallel structure of two prepositional phrases to show the contrast,Metaphor: his sexual impulse,Writing Devices 2,He seems to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck. (Para. 20) It took the swimmer some distance from the sh
31、ore and left him there, out of his depth. (Para. 29),Writing Devices,In metonymy, an idea is evoked or named by means of term designating some associated notion. “It” stands for “thought” in grammar, but actually refers to Mr. Houghton, and it is vulgar to refer to a girl as a skirt.,It will lecture
32、 on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (Para. 23),Mr. Houghton,More examples,girls,Democracy favors the vote rather than the bullet. (Vote=election, bullet=military solutions) “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.” (Mao Zedong refers it to
33、 the military revolution) Bill Gates is the king of operating systems worldwide. (Bill Gates = Microsoft) The pen is mightier than the sword. (pen = writer; sword = fighter),Sentence Paraphrase 9,Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentio
34、ns, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23),orderly, logical, and consistent relation of parts,This ironical sentence shows that the author not only considers those people incompetent, dishonest and incoherent, but also despises most businessmen, distrust most politicians and disli
35、kes most publications.,Writing Devices 3,Technically, it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf, as honest as most politicians intentions, or as coherent as most books that get written. (Para. 23) Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life, sexless and full of dut
36、y. (Para. 20),Sentence Paraphrase 10,I no longer consider the way grade-three thinkers think unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore have great power. Now I know that ignorance, prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies.,I no longer dismiss lightly a ment
37、al process. (Para. 24),The author thinks that it is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort and harmony.,Sentence Paraphrase 11,A crowd of grade-thinkers, all shouting the same thing, all warming their hand at the fire of their own prejudices Man e
38、njoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill. (Para. 24),all feeling very content and happy because they share the same prejudices,Simile: enjoy the peaceful, safe and harmonious environment,Writing Devices 4,Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on th
39、e side of a hill. (Para. 24) They all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. (Para. 31),Sentence Paraphrase 12,Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily, though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind. Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal, with eyes and ears open. It des
40、troys without having the power to create. (Para. 25),to get easily frightened and run with the crowd,to go to the other extreme, that is to act too slowly and lag behind,detachment: (冷漠) as from social or emotional involvement; refusing to be part of the crowd.,Sentence Paraphrase 13,too much attent
41、ion or excitement to unimportant things,to replace,pay, reward,It made me watch people shouting in joy and support of the King and wonder what this senseless excitement was all about although I did not have anything good to replace this exciting or intoxicating patriotism. But I did get something ou
42、t of it.,object complement,It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about, without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism. But there were compensations. (Para.25),Sentence Paraphrase 14,She claimed that the
43、Bible was literally inspired. I countered by saying that the Catholics believed in the literal inspiration of Saint Jeromes Vulgate and the two books were different. Argument flagged. (Para. 26),A true historical record,The Latin translation of the Bible, used in a revised form as the Roman Catholic
44、 authorized version,to become dull,“Both Methodists and Catholics believed that their Books are a true record of the Gods divine plan.” The author used this example to defy Ruths illogical opinion, therefore the argument became dull because Ruth didnt know how to respond to it.,Sentence Paraphrase 1
45、5,That was too easy, said I restively since there were more Roman Catholics than Methodists anyway; (Para. 27),restlessly, difficult to control ones emotion,Here, the author pointed out Ruths logical error. The number of people who hold a view is no proof of its validity.,Note the authors descriptio
46、n of the contrasting combination of his intimate action and strong defiant expressions, which eventually made Ruth withdraw and give up as a grade-two thinker.,Sentence Paraphrase 16,I would bet on the Buddhists; I am sure, they are greater in number,More than she could accept or bear,If we were tal
47、king about the number of people who believe in this,I slid my arm around her waist and murmured that if we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. She fled. The combination of me arm and those countless Buddhists was too much for her. (Para. 27),Writing Devices 5,To be continu
48、ed on the next page.,If we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. (Para. 27) (head = person) There are two mouths to feed in my family. (mouth = person) God bless the hands that prepared this food. (hand = person),Sentence Paraphrase 17,I was given the third degree to find ou
49、t what had happened. I lost Ruth and gained an undeserved reputation as a potential libertine. (Para. 28),To be severely questioned or interrogated,The author lost his girlfriend and won a bad name even as a grade-two thinker, satisfying himself by finding out deficiencies but not seeking for the truth. Note the effect of the authors self-mockery.,Sentence Paraphrase 18,t