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1、Extensive reading Unit 7 Book 1,The Call of the Wild,by Jack London,Learning objectives,In this unit you will: be familiar with Jack London and his works get some knowledge of the Klondike Gold Rush appreciate the language and writing skill in this novel take a test on fast reading learn to guess me
2、anings of words from context,Unit overview,Pre-reading discussion,Background information,Text analysis,Post-reading discussion,Exercises,Reading skills,Related information,Pre-reading discussion,How do you understand the word “call” in the title? How does The Call of the Wild present the human-dog r
3、elationship?,Background information,Jack London (18761916),Jack London was the most popular novelist and short story writer of his day. He wrote passionately and prolifically about the great questions of life and death, the struggle to survive with dignity and integrity.,Jack London,In 1898, Jack Lo
4、ndon went to Klondike for gold mining. After suffering the Sepsis(败血症), his dream of being a gold miner broken. At the same time, he got plenty of writing materials. He wove these elemental ideas into stories of high adventure based on his own firsthand experiences.,Jacks life experiences,Being a la
5、borer, factory worker, oyster pirate on the San Francisco Bay, member of the California Fish Patrol, sailor, railroad hobo (流浪汉), and gold prospector, his life experiences contributed a lot to his prolific writings.,The Sailor,The Gold Prospector,the Rancher,Jack Londons belief,“I would rather be as
6、hes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry-rot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste m
7、y days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time.”,The Call of the Wild,The Call of the Wild (1903) is a world famous animal story. Set in Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush of the late 1890s, The story records the “decivilization” of Buck as he answers “the call of the wild”, an inherent mem
8、ory of primitive origins to which he instinctively responds.,The Call of the Wild,The Call of the Wild is the first and foremost story about a dog, it displays a philosophical depth absent in most animal adventures. “Old longings nomadic leap, “野性沉入长眠， Chafing at customs chain; 希望终难泯灭， Again from it
9、s brumal sleep 挣脱习惯锁链，Wakens the ferine strain.” 踏入冰雪荒野间。”,TheKlondike Gold Rush,TheKlondike Gold Rush (克朗代克淘金热）was amigrationby an estimated 100,000 prospectors to theKlondike region of theYukonin north-western Canadabetween 1896 and 1899 after gold was discovered there by local miners on August 16
10、, 1896.,Prespecters ascending theChilkoot Pass, 1898,TheKlondike Gold Rush,Klondike could only be reached by the Yukon River either upstream from its delta, downstream from its head or from somewhere in the middle through its tributaries. Travel in general was made difficult by both the geography an
11、d climate.,TheKlondike Gold Rush,Aids for the travelers to carry their supplies varied; some had brought dogs, horses, mules or oxen, whereas others had to rely on carrying their equipment on their backs or on sleds pulled by hand.,TheKlondike Gold Rush,The events of the Klondike gold rush rapidly b
12、ecame embedded in North American culture, being captured in poems, stories, photographs and promotional campaigns long after the end of the stampede. The writer Jack London incorporated scenes from the gold rush into his novels set in the Klondike, including The Call of the Wild, a novel about a sle
13、dge dog.,Text analysis,Determining the main idea,The main idea of the text is that _. it was not easy for Buck, a dog from the south, to live in the north Buck, a dog from the south, began to learn lesson from the hard life in the north some people were evil enough to steal dogs and sell them for mo
14、ney Buck the dog was exposed to harsh experiences in the north,While-reading questions,How many parts can the text be divided into? Whats the main idea of each part? In what aspect was Buck different from the dogs in Judge Millers place? What is the function of the detailed description of Bucks comf
15、ortable life in Mr. Millers house? What is the “law of club and fang”? What does it represent? How is Buck introduced to it?,Text structure,Part 1 Happy life in the south,What kind of life does Buck live? In what aspect was Buck different from the dogs in Judge Millers place? What is the function of
16、 the detailed description of Bucks comfortable life in Mr. Millers house?,Part 1 Happy life in the south,What kind of life does Buck live? The opening of the novel sets in the sunny, comfortable world of Judge Millers estate, where Buck lives in spoiled, lordly contentment.,Part 1 Happy life in the
17、south,In what aspect was Buck different from the dogs in Judge Millers place? Buck was chief dog. Buck was born here and has been lived here. Buck has been regarded as one family member and enjoyed the life with the Judge Miller family.,Part 1 Happy life in the south,What is the function of the deta
18、iled description of Bucks comfortable life in Mr. Millers house? To form a sharp contrast between two worlds: the sunny, comfortable world of Judge Millers estate, and the harsh, frigid world of the Klondike, where he is dragged against his will.,Part 2 On the journey,How could Manuel lead Buck away
19、 from the estate? What did the man in a red coat taught Buck? How do you understand the sentence “Buck was beaten but he was not broken”?,Part 2 On the journey,How could Manuel lead Buck away from the estate? When Buck was led out by Manuel, the gardener, who needed money for his big family, he thou
20、ght it was just a normal evening walk.,Part 2 On the journey,What did the man in a red coat taught Buck? Buck learned that he stood no chance against a man with a club.,Part 2 On the journey,How do you understand the sentence “Buck was beaten but he was not broken”? Outwardly Buck was now in a miser
21、able shape and condition, but inwardly he maintained his firmness and steadiness.,Part 3 Life in the north,Why did Buck hate Spitz？ What is the “law of club and fang”? What does it represent? How is Buck introduced to it? Can you use some words to describe Buck?,Part 3 Life in the north,Why did Buck
22、 hate Spitz? Stole Bucks food Kept laughing when Curly died,Part 3 Life in the north,What is the “law of club and fang”? What does it represent? It refers to that man, having the greater force, is the master. The weak must submit and serve the will of the conqueror or be killed Strength, not justice
23、, is the central value.,Part 3 Life in the north,How is Buck introduced to it? Buck learns this lesson from two events. The first one teaches him about the power of violence and about the need to give in when threatened by a superior force. Buck learns the law of the fang when he arrives in Canada a
24、nd watches one of his fellow dogs, a female dog named Curly, torn to pieces by a pack of huskies.,Part 3 Life in the north,Can you use some words to describe Buck? Intelligent understand to obey a man with a club; learn to sled well quickly Rebellious reacting to the kidnap Hardworking enjoyed his w
25、ork Strong,Related information,Major themes,The following themes are evident in the story: Adaption Adventure Conflict Courage and determination Death Interdependence Leadership Survival Natures unpredictability,Influence of Charles Darwins and Friedrich Nietzsches theories,Darwin, the founding fath
26、er of evolution theory, taught that life in the natural world consisted of a constant struggle for survival, in which only the strong could thrive and produce offspring. This “survival of the fittest,” as Herbert Spencer, an English philosopher, termed it, was the engine that drove evolution. The wo
27、rld that London creates in The Call of the Wild operates strictly according to Darwinist principles in its brutality and amoralityonly the fit survive in the cruel landscape of the Klondike.,influence of Charles Darwins and Friedrich Nietzsches theories,Nietzsche was a German philosopher who preache
28、d the doctrine of the “will to power” as the driving force behind society. Moral considerations were meaningless, he declared, and all members of humanity were either masters, driven to dominate others, or slaves, driven to submit. London transposes this scheme to the animal world, using Nietzschean
29、 language repeatedly to describe Bucks quest to achieve mastery and dominion over his enemies.,Post-reading discussion,What role do Mercedes, Hal, and Charles play in the novel? How do they function as embodiments of the worst side of civilization? Compare the roles of John Thornton and Judge Miller
30、. Who, from the novels point of view, is the better master? Defend your answer. What is the “call of the wild”? How does it affect Bucks behavior throughout the novel?,Reading skills,Guessing Meanings of Words from Context (I),Concept Synonym clues Antonym clues,Concept,Context here means words, phr
31、ases, or sentences surrounding a word and the situation in which it is used. When you come across a new word in your reading, before looking it up in a dictionary, very often you can guess its meaning from its context. There are often specific words (context clues) in a sentence or paragraph that ca
32、n help you determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word.,Synonym clues,Synonyms are words or phrases that are similar in meaning to other words. A sentence with a difficult word often contains a more familiar word to make it easy to understand. You may recognize some synonyms because they are set apa
33、rt by commas, dashes, or parentheses. Usually, a synonym context clue appears to be of the same part of speech as the new word.,Synonym clues,For example: The hullabaloo expresses peoples high spirits at holiday time. Many years ago, however, the loud noises were meant to scare away the evil spirits
34、, thus giving the new year a fresh start. “Hullabaloo” is a noun in the sentence. The phrase that has the same meaning and part of speech is “loud noises”. So “loud noises” is a synonym context clue to “hullabaloo”.,Antonym clues,Antonyms are words or phrases that have opposite meanings to other wor
35、ds or phrases. Recognizing that certain words which often signal an antonym clue can help you understand new words. Words or phrases like “or”, “but”, “while”, “as opposed to”, and “on the other hand” often signal antonym clues.,Antonym clues,For example: Linda manages money judiciously while I mana
36、ge money unwisely. The word “while” signals the antonym “unwisely” you can reason that “unwisely” is the opposite of “judiciously.” thus, “judiciously” means “unwisely”.,Practice,ADetermine the meaning of each italicized word by identifying its part of speech and locating its synonym. B. Locate the
37、word or phrase that signals the antonym clue and underline it. Then underline the antonym clue. Finally, select the best meaning for the italicized word.,Practice A,1. New Years Day is thought of as a good time to make New Years resolutions the decisions to do better in the year just beginning than
38、you did in the year that just ended. resolutions is a (an) _. It means _.,noun,decisions,Practice A,2. Make sure, too, that the cost of your hobby does not go beyond your budget or your estimated income and expense. budget is a (an) _. It means _.,noun,estimated income and expense,Practice A,3. Befo
39、re the Crusades, kings had existed, but their role was more or less that of a figurehead, a chief in name only, in the complicated feudal system. figurehead is a (an) _. It means _.,noun,a chief in name only,Practice B,B. Locate the word or phrase that signals the antonym clue and underline it. Then
40、 underline the antonym clue. Finally, select the best meaning for the italicized word.,Practice B,The Oveges method of teaching made science and mathematics fun instead of a chore. chore means _. a. attraction b. tiring task c. duty,Practice B,Though he was often shy in social settings, science brou
41、ght out the showman in him. showman means _. a. personality attracting public attention b. timid character c. quick temper,Practice B,Although the Greeks were said to be democratic, slaves and women had few right. democratic means _. a. respecting peoples rights b. warlike c. peace-loving,Exercises,Text A. b B. 14 c d a a58 d c c d C. 15 d a a c d 610 b d a b a Fast reading 15 d a b d d 610 b a c b d 1115 d a a b a Home reading 14 b d c b 58 b b d b,