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1、Language focus,Unit 4,1. Match the words with their definitions and then use them to complete the summary of the reading passage.,Word power,1）C 2）F 3）A 4）I 5）B 6）D 7）H 8）E 9）J 10）G,People, especially tribesmen from Africa, are very to a small bird called the honey guide, because it is regarded as a
2、(an) helper to find the of honey in the wilderness. When the honey guide finds a suitable bees nest, it cries loudly. Any passing animals or people may be about the sound and come closer to the nest. Then the honey guide waits and for the falling of some honey and wax to the ground when the animals
3、or people are trying to get them out from the nest. Scientists believe that the honey guide is to get a good of the honeycomb, though it is hard for it to the wax. The tribesmen in Africa also believe that the honey guide would take if the bird got nothing.,grateful,unexpected,source,curious,constan
4、tly,patiently,determined,share,digest,revenge,2. Read the expressions and sentences in the chart and then complete the following sentences with the expressions. 1) He came to help to stop us from completing our plan. 2) Tom Mary are the members of our school team. 3) (不可能的) for them to finish the ta
5、sk in three days. 4) Shakespeare was a writer an actor. 5) did he attend the meeting, gave a speech,not,but,Both,and,It is impossible,both/not only,and/but also,Not only,but he also,3. Study the following word network and design one of your own centring round “animal”.,Studying the rule,Grammar: The
6、 Infinitive (II),Finding the rule: Put the example sentences above in the chart to match the sentence elements of “to fly”. Then find more examples from the Sentence Bank in the coming page to support your choice.,1. Write the sentence elements of the infinitives in the following sentences in bracke
7、ts. 1) Dr. Bush wants to have a sound sleep. ( ) 2) To climb the high mountain seems an impossible task to my grandparents. ( ) 3) It is possible to finish the work in a weeks time. ( ) 4) What do you think is the right thing to do? ( ) 5) My wish is to become a physicist. ( ) 6) Tom found it easy t
8、o master a foreign language. ( ) 7) He often goes to the cyber cafe to chat with his on-line friends. ( ),Applying the rule:,object,object,subject,subject,attributive,predicative,adverbial of purpose,2. Translate the following sentences into English by using infinitives. 1) It is unbelievable (一年之内要
9、修好这座桥). 2) He is always (第一个到学校). 3) We find it interesting (通过电脑游戏学英语). 4) We decided (对计划作点改动). 5) It is a pleasure (和他谈话). 6) She is sure (通过考试). 7) I am not so foolish as (相信他所说的话).,to build this bridge within one year,the first one to get to school,to learn English through computer games,to cha
10、nge the plan a little bit,to talk with him,to pass the exam,to believe what he said,3. Complete the conversation with the proper forms of the given words and phrases. Some of them might be used twice.,Leo: Cindy, you seem not happy today. Whats wrong with you? Cindy: I think I dont know how to make
11、friends with my Chinese classmates. Leo: Dont worry. I suggest its a good idea to make a new friend who has similar interests with you. Maybe he or she is glad to invite you to take part in some interesting activities. Cindy: What a fantastic suggestion! But to start a conversation is difficult for
12、me. You know, I dont speak Chinese well. Leo: You can ask him or her to tell you about some Chinese festivals or places of interests. For example, let him or her introduce to you how to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival or how the Three Gorges get the name. Cindy: Sounds interesting! I hope a frien
13、d can also advise me when to be careful about what I say in some occasions, like a formal meeting or a family reunion. Leo: Yes. In the beginning, it is not easy to know the language and the customs. As long as you stay here and make many new friends, to be an expert in Chinese and the culture is an
14、 easy job. Cindy: Great! I decide not to go back to England this summer vacation. I decide to stay in China. My plan is to make a couple of new friends and to travel around China in two months.,1.主语 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To have a picnic is the main activity for this weekend.野餐是本周末的主要活动。 To m
15、aster a second language is quite necessary.掌握第二语言是相当必要的。 【联想】不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面，这样避免了句子头重脚轻的弊病。 Its necessary for you to do some reading to improve your English. 为了提高英语你很有必要加强阅读。 It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了,Summary: 动词不定式,【辨析】Its for sb.to do
16、 sth.和 Its of sb.to do sth. 由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1）for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible，necessary等。 Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2）of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foo
17、lish, right等。 Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 【扩展】用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法： 用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。 Its foolish of us to break away from our family.（= We are foolish to break away from our family.）对于我们来说脱离家庭是愚蠢的。 Its impossible for us to finish the job in a
18、week.（ We are impossible to finish the job in a week.）对我们来说一周内完成这项工作是不可能的。,2.表语 不定式可放在系动词后面，作表语。 My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天清扫房间。 His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。 He seemed to know nothing about this matter.他好像对这件事一无所知。 3.定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。 Attention，please,
19、I have something special to announce. 请注意了，我有一些特别的事情要宣布。 【辨析】不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别： 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作；现在分词作定语表示正在发生的动作；过去分词作定语表示已经发生的动作。 to be built next year The house being built now is a dormitory for the new comers. built last year,4.状语 1）目的状语 常用结构为to do, only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do, so as to d
20、o, so（such） as to（如此以便）。 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I come here only to say goodbye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。 【注意】so as to 引导的目的状语不能放在句首。 2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。 I awoke to find my trunk gone.我醒来发现箱子不见了。 3）表原因 Im glad to see you.见到你很高兴。 4）表示理由和条件 He must be a fool
21、 to say so.他如果这样说一定是个傻瓜。,5.宾语 不定式作宾语时，其位置在及物动词和形容词后。 Though it was very late, the workers continued to work. 虽然天色已晚，但工人们还在继续工作。 You are sure to succeed if you carry on.如果你继续下去，你一定会成功的。 【联想】 1）只能接不定式作宾语的常用动词有： Afford aim agree arrange end decide Bother care expect demand desire determine Elect hate h
22、ope fail refuse learn long （渴望）mean manage offer plan pretend We all long to see you as early as possible.我们都渴望尽早见到你。 2）有些动词或动词词组可以用“动词+疑问词+不定式”的结构作宾语。 这样的常用动词有： Decide know consider forget learn remember Show wonder find out tell inquire explain,【辨析】1）有些动词既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，其区别如下： remember to do
23、 sth.记得要做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 regret to do sth.遗憾地要做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 go on to do sth.接着做某事（另一件事） go on doing sth.接着做某事（同一件事） like/love/prefer/hate to do sth.喜欢/宁愿/讨厌做某事（表某一次具体的动作） like/love/prefer/hate doing sth.喜欢/宁愿/讨厌做某事（表习惯性、一般性的动
24、作） mean to do想做某事（want to do） mean doing意味着 try to do努力，企图做某事 try doing试验，试着做某事 stop to do停下来做某事 stop doing停止做某事,cease to do长时间，甚至永远停做某事 cease doing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做 want to do想做某事 want doing want to be done需要被做 require to do要求做某事 require doing = require to be done需要被做 need to do需要做某事 need doing = nee
25、d to be done需要被做 be interested to do对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事 be interested in doing对某种想法感兴趣（doing 通常为想法） be afraid to do sth.不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 be sure to do sth.一定会，肯定会 be sure of doing sth.对有把握/有信心,2）感官动词 + doing/do 的区别： 感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste
26、, feel + do表示动作的完整性，+doing 表示动作的进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调“我看见了”这个事实） I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我见他正干活”这个动作） 3）begin（start） doing/to do 的区别： begin/start 后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，通常没有什么区别，但在下列情况下只用不定式作宾语。 begin, start用进行时态。 I was beginning to
27、 get angry.我开始生起气来。 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类表示心理活动动词时。 I begin to understand the truth.我开始明白真相。 事物作主语时 The snow began to melt.雪开始融化了。,6.宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语的结构为：“动词+宾语+不定式”。 I wish you to have a relaxing holiday.我希望你度过一个轻松的假期。 The manager required the workers to work o
28、vertime.经理要求工人加班工作。 这种常用动词有： Advise allow cause challenge command compel drive （驱使）enable encourage forbid force impel Induce instruct invite like/love order permit Make let have want get warn Persuade request send tell train urge,【联想】1）有的动词后面既可接不定式作宾语，也可接sb. 不定式 （宾语补足语），即复合宾语。其结构为：“动词 to do”和“动词sb.
29、+ to do ”。 I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。 这种常用动词有： Ask choose expect help begin tend like/love need prefer prepare want wish 2）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词是be，不定式一般可以省去。 W
30、e finally found him （to be） guilty.我们最后发现他是有罪的。 We know him to be a fool.我们知道他是个笨蛋。（to be 不能省去） 这种常用的动词有： Consider find believe think declare（声称） appoint（任命） Guess suppose（猜想） view （视为） judge imagine know,1. Listen to a short passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1)
31、What is this passage mainly about? A. Birds feathers help them to fly. B. What birds feathers can help them to do. C. The different colours of birds feathers. 2) What do the colours of birds feathers help them to do? A. The colour of its feathers helps a bird to hide. B. The colour of its feathers h
32、elps a bird to please other birds. C. The colour of its feathers helps a bird to show off.,Listening and speaking,A,B,2. Listen to the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1) A bobwhite is brightly coloured. 2) Its easy to find a yellow lark on yellow
33、leaves in autumn. 3) A males bright colours seem to say, “See me! See me!” 4) The blue bird mentioned is quiet and peace-loving. 5) Birds feathers can only protect them from being caught by their enemies.,F,F,F,F,F,3. Listen to four speakers talking about pets and complete the following sentences. 1
34、) Birds are good pets; they can wake you up . 2) Dogs make great pets, but dont with small children. 3) I hate animals; they smell and . 4) for companionship. Do you agree with the speakers? Why or why not? Discuss with your partner by giving your opinions.,by singing in the morning.,leave them alon
35、e,theyre noisy.,I love keeping animals,1. Read the profile of Baiji, one of the worlds rarest mammals, in the chart below.,Writing：Developing a Passage Based on a Profile,2. Work in pairs to discuss the following questions. 1) What does Baiji look like? 2) What causes the number of Baiji to decrease
36、 year by year? 3) What should we do to protect Baiji from dying off? 4) As human being, how should we treat animals and nature as a whole? 3. Write a short passage describing Baiji. Make sure you have covered as much information as provided. You may start your passage like this: Baiji is one of the worlds rarest mammals. They can be found in the lower and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, which is the longest river in China.,