动词ing和定语从句库.ppt

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1、动词ing知识,A.动词 -ing形式的一般式主动语态 为 动词+ing 被动语态为 being+动词过去分词 动词-ing形式的一般式主动形式和被动形式都可用来泛指一个动作或描述一个事实，没有特别的时间意义。,1动词的-ing主动形式作主语 （1）Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 （2）Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 （3）Learning about a language is easier than using it. 学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。,2. 动词的-ing被动形式作主语 （1）Being inv

2、ited to the party was a great honor（荣耀） to the family. 被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。 3为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。 （1）It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them. 制定计划很容易，实行它却很难。,（2）It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 （3）Its a waste of time arguing about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。,必背：动词的-i

3、ng形式作主语的几个常用句型。 （1）Its no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。 （2） It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come. 给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。 （3）Its worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。,B.动词的-ing主动形式作宾语 动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。如： 只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词 不能用不定式作宾语。,4Forbid (1)I forbid_ in my flat.我不允许在我家里吸烟A. to

4、smoke B. smoking 5. imagine （1）She couldnt imagine _in a place like that. 她无法想象住在那样一个地方。 A. to liveB. Living 6. deny 否认 （1）The men deny_ for money. 二人否认曾索要钱财。 A. asking B.ask C.to ask,7.enjoy 喜欢 (1)I enjoy_ ping-pong. 我喜欢打乒乓球。 A. playing B. to play 8.cannot help 情不自禁 (1)I cannot help you. 我就是禁不住要去想你

5、。 A. thinking of B. to think of 9. Fancy 想不到 （1）Fancy_ you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了! A. meeting B.to meet,10.risk 冒险 (1) Dont risk_ in the lake. A. to swim B. swimming 11. suggest 建议 （1）I suggest_ it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 A. doing B.to do 12.consider 考虑 (1)Consider_ your hair color. 考虑一下改变头发的颜色

6、。 A. to change B.changing,13.Keep 保持 (1)If he says or does something to make you laugh, he will keep_ it even after it isnt funny any more. 如果他说了什么或者做了什么把你逗笑了，他就老说老做，尽管已经不再好笑了。 A.doing B.to do 14.practice 练习 (1)practice_ some of the little things. 练习做一些可产生大改变的小事情。A.doing B.to do 15.admit 承认 (1)Do yo

7、u admit_ the money? 你承认偷了那些钱？ A. stealing B.to steal,17.feel like 意欲 (1) I dont feel like_ anything now. 我现在什么都不想吃。 A.to eat B. eating 18.resist 抵制 (1)He cant resist_ tricks on people. 他总是自点爱开玩笑，忍不住要戏弄别人。 A. to play B. playing 19.put off 推迟 (1) So he put off_ with it, week after week. 所以，他就拖延着没有做，过了

8、一周又是一周。 A. dealing B.to deal,20.finish 完成 (1)Have you finish_ your homework? Adoing B.doing 21.avoid 避免 (1)To avoid_ wet, drivers must drive gently. 为了防止弄湿自己，司机必须小心驾驶。 A. getting B. to getting C. to get 22.mind 介意 (1)Do you mind me_ here? A. smoking B.to smoke 23. appreciate 感激 (1)I appreciate you_

9、this. 我很感谢你做的这些事情。 A.doing B.to do,24.allow (1)Dont allow_ about tomorrow to replace living in today. 不要让明日的梦想代替了你今日的生活。 A. dreaming B. to dream 25.Permit (1)The law does not permit_ in this store. 按法律规定，本店不准吸烟。 A. smoking B. smoke 26.escape （1）Dont escape_ the work. 别避免干这工作。 A. doing B. to do,27.de

10、lay 耽搁 (1) But its a bad habit to delay doing things. 不急，但是拖延是个坏习惯。 28.miss 错过 (1)I missed_ the last bus. Ato catch B. catching 29.give up 放弃 (1)You should give up going .,30.forgive 原谅 (1) C. 动词的-ing被动形式作宾语 31. mind （1）They didnt mind being treated like guests. 他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。 32. stand (1)I cant st

11、and being kept waiting. 我不堪久候。 E作介词宾语,动词的-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。常见的几种搭配形式有： 33. 动词 + 介词 + -ing形式 (1) Jason aims at becoming an astronaut. 詹森立志要当宇航员。 (2) I dream of being the best footballer in the school. 我梦想成为全校最好的足球队员。,(3)We will keep on trying . 我们将继续努力。 34. 动词 + 名词 + 介词 + -ing形式 (1)Please excuse

12、 me for being late. 对不起，我迟到了。 (2)What prevented you from joining us last night 昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我们在一起 (3)Sandy wasted no time in getting to know the bosss daughter. 桑迪很快就开始就和老板的女儿套近乎了。,35. 名词 + 介词 + -ing形式 (1) We like his way of teaching English. 我们喜欢他教英语的方式。 (2) He has little hope of passing the examina

13、tion. 他几乎没有什么希望通过考试。 (3)I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。,36. 形容词 + 介词 + -ing形式 (1)Im tired of having the same food every day. 天天吃同样的东西我感到腻烦了。 (2) Peter is angry about not being invited to the party. 没有被邀请出席聚会，彼得很生气。 (3)Whos responsible for organizing this conf

14、erence(大会)? 是谁负责组织这次大会？,37. what/how about + 动词-ing形式 (1) What about going for a walk 去散步好不好？ (2)How about playing a game of chess now 现在来下盘棋好吗 38.介词to + 动词-ing形式 （1）You must get used_ your face with cold water. 你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。 A. to washing B. to wash (2) John has admitted_the window. 约翰已承认了打碎窗子。 A. to

15、 breaking B. to break (3) Im looking forward_ you this summer vacation. 我盼望今年暑假见到你。 A. to seeing B. to see,(4) He has devoted（致力于，献出） his whole life_ mankind. 他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。 A.to benefiting（有益于） B. to benefit (5) However, others strongly object _private cars. 然而,另有一些人强烈反对发展私人小汽车。 A. to developing

16、 B.to develop (6) He is equal_ this task. 他能胜任这项任务。 A. to doing B. to do,(7) The man took_ shortly after his wife died. 他妻子死后不久，这人就开始嗜酒。 A. to drinking B.to drink (8) Isnt it time you got down_ papers 还没到你安下心来阅卷的时间吗？ A.to read B.to reading,D. 动词的-ing主动形式作表语 动词的-ing形式作表语的有两种不同的含义： 1表示主语的内容是什么。 39. (1

17、)Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 (2)The real question is getting to know the needs of the students. 真正的问题是了解学生的需要。 (3)His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。,40表示主语具有的特征翻译为令人。 (1)The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。 (2)It was astonishing to see the an

18、imals and plants that are found nowhere else in the world. 看到了世界上其它地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。 (3)The food did not seem very inviting. 宴会上的食物似乎并不诱人。,E. 动词的-ing被动形式作表语（罕见）,F动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语 41动词的-ing形式可以在一发现find， I found him stealing my money.,42.一感feel, I felt my heart beating violently(猛烈地). 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 43.二

19、听hear, We heard the children shouting upstairs. 我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。 44.listen to, I am listening to him telling me an interesting story.,45四让have, I wont have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 46.get, It is hard to get him doing his homework before dinner everyday.想要让他每天晚饭前做作业是很难的。,47.leave, i

20、t is wrong of you to leave the machine running. 48.keep, We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们使火整夜燃烧着。 Keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事（prevent/stop sb from doing） The stone walls keep the farmers cows from joining his neighbors cows. 石头墙使农民家的牛不会混入邻居的牛群中去。,49.五看see, He saw a girl getting on the car.

21、 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 50.notice, I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。 51.watch, The girl is watching the the thief stealing something. 52.look at, The teacher looked at the children singing happily.,53. observe, (1)The baby observed the ants carrying somethin

22、g. 54.以及catch The teacher caught the girl cheating in the exam. 注意:let,make不能跟动词ing作宾语补足语所以除外 错误：Let the player running. 错误：make the player running.,动词的-ing形式和不定式作宾语补语的区别 在feel, hear, listen to,see, watch, notice,observe等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动

23、作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。,55. （1）He saw a girl getting on the car. 他看见一个女孩在上汽车。 (A girl was getting on the car.) （2）He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见了一个女孩上车开走了。 (A girl got on the car and drove off.) （3）Do you hear someone knocking at the door 你听见有人在敲门吗？ (Someone is knocking at the door.),（4）Do

24、 you hear someone knock at the door 你听见有人敲门了吗？ (Someone knocked at the door just now.) 提示： 如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词的-ing形式。 （5）I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette. 我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。,G动词的-ing形式作定语 单个的动词的-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。 56.说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room

25、which is used for reading阅览室 （1）Is there a reading room in the building? 在这座大楼里有一间阅览室吗？ running shoes= shoes for running跑鞋 （2）when should I replace my _shoes? 什么时候我应该把跑鞋换掉？ A. running B.run,a working method = a method of working 工作方法 （3）His_ _ method is relatively simple. 他的工作方法相对简单的。 A. working B.t

26、o work (4)a sewing machine 缝纫机 Hongkong kansan sewing machine company limited. 香港森本缝纫机有限公司。 (5) a swimming pool 游泳池 I often swim in a swimming pool near our school. 我经常在学校附近的一个泳池游泳。,(6)a drawing board 画板 He often went out with a drawing board sketching. 他经常带着画板出去写生。 (7)a dining car 餐车 Is there a din

27、ing car on the train? 列车上有餐车吗？ (8)a driving permit 驾驶许可证 Mike is not old enough to have a driving permit. 迈克还还没到达拿驾驶执照的年龄。 (9)a walking stick 手杖 The old man cannot walk without a walking stick. 这位老人没有拐杖不能行走。,(10) a singing competition 歌咏比赛 We had a singing competition last week and our class won the

28、 first prize. 上周我们唱歌比赛，我们班得了一等奖。 (11)a waiting room 候车室 Sit in a waiting room until help comes. 坐在接待室里，直到有人帮助。,57.表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 (1)developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 Developing countries face even bigger problems. 发展中国家面临的问题更大。 (2)a

29、n ordinary-looking man = a man that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 My teacher is an ordinary-looking man. 我的老师是个相貌平常的人。,(3)a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 That is a puzzling problem (4)The working people are masters of our country. 劳动人民是我们国家的主人。 (5) Let sleeping dogs lie（躺）. 不要

30、惹麻烦。 (6)a disappointing play 令人失望的戏剧 (7) an astonishing adventure 惊人的冒险 (8) boiling water 正在沸腾的水,She went downstairs to fetch boiling water in this moment and cleaned the floor in that moment, she is busy all the time. 她一会儿下楼打开水，一会儿又擦地板，一直在忙。 (9)a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿 I found a_ baby on the bed. 我发现在

31、床上有个熟睡的孩子。 A.sleep B. sleeping,(10)a barking dog 狂吠的狗 We met a barking dog. (11)the setting sun 落日 When the setting sun shines at the village. 傍晚的斜阳照到村落的时候。 (12)the coming week 下一周 Have we enough firewood for the coming week? 下星期用的木柴我们已备足了吗？ (13)failing sight 逐渐衰退的视力 My failing sight brings me great

32、 suffering(痛苦).,58作定语的-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。 （1）The_B_ should be sent to the laboratory(实验室). A. containing vinegar bottle B. bottle containing vinegar 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。 (2)They lived in他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 A. facing south a house. B. a house facing south. (3)_ will be published next month. 人们谈论很多的那本书下一个

33、月将出版。 A. being discussed a lot the book B. The book being discussed a lot,59. -ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。 【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要修建了。,H动词的-ing形式作状语 动词的-ing形式可以

34、作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。 60表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 (1)Seeing those pictures, she remembered herchildhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。（= When she saw those pictures.）,（2）分词完成时做状语 表示的动作发生在主句动作之前相当于after 引导的时间状语从句 Having made full preparations, we are ready fo

35、r the examination. 我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。 （= After we have made full preparation.） 61表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 （1）Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。 （= As I dont know his address.） （2）Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。（= Since he was ill.）,62表示结

36、果，相当于一个并列谓语。 （1）His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 （= . and left him a lot of money） （3） She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。 （= . and broke it into pieces.）,63表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 (1)Going straight down the road, y

37、ou will find the department store. 顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。 （= If you go straight down the road.） (2)Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 （= If you work hard at your lessons.）,64表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 （1）Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 （= A

38、lthough they knew all this.） （2）Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car. 他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。 （= Though he worked hard as he did.）,65表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 （1）He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。（= .and stared at the sky

39、for a long time） (2)She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. 她捧着许多书走进了房间。（= .and carried a lot of books）,动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语 A作主语的-ing 的逻辑主语， -ing 形式作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。 Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。（Reading aloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来） 66.如果作主语的-ing 形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格（即名词后加s

40、）。 His fathers falling ill worried him greatly. 他父亲生病使他很着急。 （his father是falling ill的逻辑主语）,（2）Your coming to work with us will be a great encouragement to us. 你来和我们一道工作，对我们是很大的鼓舞。 （you是coming to work with us的逻辑主语） 到这了B作表语的-ing 形式,-ing 形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但作表语的-ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 67.（1）What worries

41、me most is Julias staying too late every night. 我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。 （staying too late every night的逻辑主语是Julia） （2）The main problem is your not having practiced a lot. 主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。 （not having practiced a lot的逻辑主语是you）,C作定语的-ing 形式的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词、代词 -ing 形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词。 an interesting book 一本有意思

42、的书 = a book that interests its readers a running stream 一条奔流的小溪= a stream that is running,68.如果-ing形式的逻辑主语和被修饰名词是被动关系，就要用-ing形式的被动式。 （1）The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance. 正在北京召开的会议非常重要。 （逻辑主语the meeting 和“举行”之间的关系是被动的，所以用being held D作宾语的-ing 形式 -ing 形式作宾语时，其逻辑主语常是句子中的主语。如要

43、明确动作的执行者，也可以在-ing形式前加上名词或代词表示逻辑主语。,69. （1） I cant imagine Johns giving a speech in front of so many people. 我不能想像约翰会在这么多人前面发言。 (John是giving a speech的逻辑主语) （2）He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。(someone是knocking at the door的逻辑主语) （3）The boss understood _wanting to leave. 老板明

44、白他为什么要离职。 （“他”是wanting to leave逻辑主语） A. him/his B. he,70.比较： (1)He insisted on doing it himself. 他坚持要自己做。（doing it的逻辑主语是句子的主语“他”） He insisted on my doing it. 他坚持要我做。 （doing it的逻辑主语是“我”） (2)Would you mind opening the window 请你把窗子打开好吗？（opening the window的逻辑主语是“你”） Would you mind my opening the window

45、你介意我把窗子打开吗？（opening the window的逻辑主语是“我”）,E作宾语补足语的-ing 形式的逻辑主语 71.动词-ing 形式作逻辑主语时，它的逻辑主语就是它前面的宾语。 (1) We often hear her singing this song. 我们经常听见她唱这首歌。（singing this song的逻辑主语是“她”） (2)We often hear this song (being) sung. 我们经常听见这首歌被人唱。（逻辑主语“this song”和宾语补足语“唱”的关系是被动，所以用-ing形式的被动式或-ed分词。）,F作状语的动词-ing 形

46、式 73.动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致,与句子主语是主动关系用动词ing。 (1)Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 走进教室，我发现里面没人。（entering的逻辑主语是I，相当于 when I entered the classroom, I found nobody in it.） 74.如-ing形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。 （1）【误】Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. （looking

47、out through the window的逻辑主语是the garden，显然不对） 【正】Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 从窗户看出去，我们看见一个漂亮的花园。,（2）Reading the evening newspaper,_ A. a dog started barking. B.I heard a dog barking. 【正】I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.,75.如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该-

48、ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常有名词或代词来担任。 （1）The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 末班车已经开走了，我们不得不走回家。 （having gone的逻辑主语是the last bus，而不是we） （2）Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. 天气允许的话，足球赛将在周五举行。（permitting的逻辑主语是time，而不是the football match）,注意： 高中阶段有一些固定的-ing形式短语，如 generally sp

49、eaking, judging from., considering., supposing.等， 它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种-ing短语可当作一个插入语。 76. （1）Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls. 一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。 77（1）Judging from his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。 78. （1）Considering how poor he was, we decided to let him attend the concert for free. 考虑到他是多么的穷，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。 79. （1）Su