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1、名词性从句复习,考纲解读,从出题者的角度，就是要考察名词性从句中的语序以及引导词之间的区别。有时候，会结合插入语或名词与同位语隔开，或使句子结构复杂化等使得难度增加。其实，总的难度和变化都不大。但是从考生的角度来说，如果考生对句子结构掌握不过硬，对某些词或词组的用法不了解，就会容易造成和定语从句、状语从句的混淆，造成根本环节的误判而用其他从句的规则去解题。造成丢分。,名词性从句的种类 名词性从句即由连接词引导、起名词作用的 从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和 同位语从句。 主语从句（在主句中作主语） Who will win the game is not known. 宾语从句（在主句
2、中作宾语） Nobody knows who will win the game. 表语从句（在主句中作表语） My question is who will win the game. 同位语从句（在主句中作同位语） I have no idea who will win the game.,名词性从句的连接词 连接词即引导名词性从句的关联词，包括 连词、连接代词、连接副词。 连词：仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。 连接代词：可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 连接副词：只作状语。,连词：引导从句但不作任何成分。 that没有意义，引导主/宾/表/同位语从句。 It is said that ther
3、e will be a party tonight. They say (that) there will be a party tonight. Why he failed was that he made a vital mistake. The key that he succeeded lied in his hard work. if是否，引导宾语从句，主语从句。 whether是否，引导主/宾/表/同位语从句。 I doubt if/whether you can pass the test. Whether well go camping depends on the weath
4、er. My doubt is whether you can pass the test. I have no idea whether you can pass the test.,as if/though好像，似乎，引导表语从句。 because因为，引导表语从句。 The old lady looks as if she were a young girl. His failure was because he didnt work hard enough. 连接代词：引导从句并作从句的句子成分。 who谁(主格)，用于人，作主/宾/表语。 whom谁(宾格)，用于人，仅作宾语。 Wh
5、o will do the job hasnt been decided.(主语) Would you tell me who/whom youll vote for?(宾语) Can you tell me who the pretty girl is?(表语),whose谁的，用于人，作表/定语。 Please tell me whose the bike is.(表语) I dont know whose bike it is.(定语) which哪个/些，用于人或物，作主/宾/表/定语。 what什么， 用来指事物，作主/宾/表/定语。 Please tell me what spor
6、t you like best.(定语) I wonder which of you can solve the problem.(主语) Id like to know what your father is.(表语) whoever 作主/宾/表语 whomever 仅作宾语 whichever 作主/宾/表/定语 whatever 作主/宾/表/定语,Whatever he said was right. Ill take whoever wants to go. Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. You can giv
7、e the ticket to whomever you like.,连接副词：引导从句并作从句的状语 when表示时间 where表示地点 why表示原因 how表示方式 When well have a meeting is not decided. I dont know where I can buy such a book . Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. The question is how we should carry out the plan.,注意： Whenever,however,wherever很少引导名词性
8、从句，因为when，where，how本来都是副词性质的，相对而言whoever，whatever，whichever可以引导名词从句的. whenever一般引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句 wherever一般引导地点状语从句和让步状语从句 however引导让步状语从句 eg.Wherever he goes makes his parents worry. ( 主语从句),如何选用连接词？ 用法规则: 先根据从句的结构确定用哪种连接词，从句 不缺成分用连词，缺主语、宾语、表语、定语用 连接代词，缺状语用连接副词，再根据从句意思 确定用哪个连词、连接代词或连接副词。 用法口诀： 根据结构定
9、词类，根据意思再核对， 不缺成分用连词，主宾表定用代词， 状语必须用副词，词法成分要斟酌， 具体该用哪一个，可依句意来定夺。,一主语从句,主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,eg.1. That we must master English words as many as possible is very important. 2 It was a pity that you failed in the exam.,用it 作形式主语的结构,Itbe名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/a surprise/no wo
10、nder等)that从句 eg. It is a pity that you have missed the wonderful lecture. (2)It +be+形容词(necessary/natural/wonderful/likely/strange/important/certain等)that从句 eg.It is wonderful that all of you have passed the difficult exam. (3) It+不及物动词that从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 I
11、t occurred to me that 我突然想起 (4) It be+过去分词 从句 It is reported/said/hoped /believed that It is suggested /required/requested/ordered/demanded that,【注意】在以下主语从句中，常使用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”形式，其中的should可以省略。 It is necessary/strange/important/natural /impossible etc.that . It is a pity /a shame/no wonder that .
12、 It is suggested(建议)/requested/required/proposed/desired (要求)/demanded/insisted(坚决要求)/orderedthat .,15,主语从句中应注意的问题 1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引 导，不能省略这些连接词。 误： The college will get in more new students this year is ture. 正：That the college will get in more new students this year is ture. 2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，
13、但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if /whether Mary really heard him.,二宾语从句,宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。,1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 作及物动词的宾语。 She did not know what had happened.
14、I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (2) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2. 作介词的宾语 Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3. 作形容词的宾语，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, aware, certai
15、n, confident, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, satisfied, content 等。,4. it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾。,.,可运用it做形式宾语的结构有： .动词make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置，结构：S.
16、+vt+it+adj./n.+that从句。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together. .有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词主要是：hate,like,see to(务必使)depend on(指望,相信) I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food. You can depend on it that su
17、ch a boring thing will never happen again.,宾语从句应注意的问题： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句，that 通常可以省略, 例如： I heard (that) he joined the army. 但在下面情况下，that不能省略。 (1)当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时，引导第二个及其以后的宾语从句中的that不能省略。 eg.He said he was wrong and that he would say sorry to me. (2)当that作介词宾语时。 eg.The reason lies in that she works
18、 harder than the others. (3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可省略。 eg.I think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time.,2. If whether都能引导宾语从句，但在下面情况下，只能用whether，不能用if。 1. 与or not连用。 I didnt know whether he had arrived in Beijing or not. 2. 作介词宾语时。 I havent settled the question of whe
19、ther Ill go back home. 3.后接动词不定式时。 I dont know whether to go to the party.,3. 宾语从句中否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，并且主句的主语为第一人称，用于一般现在时，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。,4 宾语从句中的时态呼应,1.当主句动词是现在时，从
20、句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。 I know (that) he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时） I know (that) he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时） I know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时） I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）,2.当主句动词是过去时态,从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的
21、是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 Mary told me that Tom had left us for America Our teacher told us that the moon moves round the earth.,5 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)当主句的谓语动词为“suggest(建议)，propose，advise，insist (坚决要求)，order，demand，require，request， desire等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 shoul
22、d省略)。例如： I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight We advise that steps(should)be taken at once. They insisted that he(should)begin the work at once.,(2) wish接宾语从句有三种情况: 1) 若表示现在:动词用过去式；2) 若表示过去:动词用过去完成式(had done)；3) 若表示将来:用情态动词(would/could) +do 例句:. I wish I were 30 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻三十岁.
23、 I wish (that) you would get a good job.但愿你能找到一个好职业. He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他没这样做该多好. (3) 在would rather(宁愿)引导的的宾语从句中： 该句型表示“宁愿、宁可”，语气较为委婉。当从句表示现在或将来的时间时，谓语动词要用一般过去时；表示过去时间时，要用过去完成时。 eg. Id rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. (将来) Id rather we had a rest now .(现在) Id rather yo
24、u hadnt told him the news that day. (过去),三表语从句,表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的还有the reason why .is that 和It is because . Thats why.等结构。例如： 1) This is why we cant get the support of the people. 2) But the fact remains that we are behind the oth
25、er classes. 3) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 注意： 当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,表语从句中应注意的问题,1.that 引导表语从句,无词义,只起连接作用,不可省。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 2.whether可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 What we want to know is whether he will come to speak
26、to us tomorrow. 3.That is why译为“那就是的原因”。 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中做表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说过的原因进行总结。 That is why I was late for school. 区别：That is why 与That is the reason why 同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，前者中的why引导表语从句，后者中的why引导定语从句。,That is (the reason ) why I cannot agree.这就是我不能同意的理由。,That is because 句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此做表语，
27、意为“这就是为什么/因为”。 That is because 指原因或理由。 That is why 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。 He didnt see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.,4.表语从句中的虚拟语气 (1)英语中，表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision,
28、 idea, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, 充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句时，表语从句须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。 His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown.,(2)as if/as though引导的表语从句，其有可能使用陈述
29、语气，也有可能使用虚拟语气。关键是看其从句所表达的动作是否是真实的。如果明显不符合实际情况，才会用虚拟语气。如果是真实情况，则不必使用虚拟语气，用陈述语气即可。 如：Look at the clouds.It seems as if it is going to rain. (事实) as if/as though引导的表语从句，方式状语从句使用虚拟语气的 情况： 1）从句动作发生在主句动作之前,则从句使用过去完成时.如：The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years.2）从句动作和主句动作同时进行,则从句使用一般过
30、去时.如：When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.3）从句动作发生在主句动作之后,则从句使用would/could+动词原形.如：It seemed as if the night would never end. 夜似乎没有尽头.,四同位语从句,1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。同位语从所解释说明的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、proble
31、m、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word，thought等 1) Word came that our team won the game. 2) I have no idea when he will come back home. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。,3. 同位语从句与
32、定语从句的区别,(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。,(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom
33、would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,4.同位语从句中的虚拟语气： 如果被同位语从句所解释说明的名词是表示请求、要求、命令、建议等的名词如：advice, desire, decision, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion它们后面接同位语从句时，同位语从句须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。 1. Our teacher gave us some advic
34、e how we(should)use the computer. 2.She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.,考点诠释,考点一、名词性从句的语序。与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。例如: No one can be sure _ in a million year A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like You cant im
35、agine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited,返回目录,A,B,考点诠释,考点二、Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别。 一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。例如： 1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D whenever 2.Its a matter of who will take the position.(特指) 3.Give it to whoever comes first. (泛指),B,Good-bye!,