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1、CET-4 翻译专题,题型 翻译分值占5%，内容为中翻英，该部分主要考核的是考生对英语中常见的短语或句型的掌握，而且该题为句子翻译，每句话都已给出了部分英文，考生只需将句后圆括号内的中文翻译成英文就行了。,翻译解题步骤,(一)理解 即通读并透彻理解原文含义，包括理解出题人想考察的语法或搭配。语法如虚拟语气、倒装、不定式、分词、情态动词、各种从句等等;搭配如动宾搭配、介宾搭配等等。 (二)翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词。 (三)审核 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时
2、改正。,冲刺方略 要备考翻译，还是需要做比较多细致的工作的。 首先，大家应该重视语法结构和句型。其次，应该重视搭配。记单词的时候要养成记搭配的习惯，尤其对于动词来说要这样，所以还需要大家自己在背单词的时候尽可能多记一些搭配, 以及掌握必要的翻译技巧。,Outline,翻译常考的语法点 翻译常考短语句型结构 常见翻译技巧,一.翻译常考语法点,1.倒装 2008年6月翻译真题第91题： _(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. Key：直到才 not until, 置于句首时才倒装，Not until he accomplished /
3、 finished the mission = It was not until he finished the mission that he realized that he was seriously ill.(强调) = He didnt realize that he was seriously ill until he finished the mission.,考点：以下词语用于倒装 一些表否定意义的词如seldom，in no way(决不)， 或者一些否定词开头的短语如not onlybut also； not until, no soonerthan; hardlywhen
4、 一就 放在句首时; 以only开头的副词，如Only by /through /in ., 放在句首时,eg: I seldom went home.=Seldom did I go home. eg: In no way can they leave freely. 他们决不能随便离开。 eg: No sooner the station than it began to rain.(一到达) (key : had I arrived at) eg: Hardly when the nurse rushed to carry him. (婴儿一哭) (key: had the baby c
5、ried),Exercise,1 .Not only _ (他向我收费过高)but he didnt do a good repair. （key：did he charge me too much） 2 .模拟2-90： Under no circumstances .(你都不能告诉他这个秘密) （ key : can you tell him the secret） 3 .模拟5-90 He understood nothing, .( 也没尝试着去理解) （key : nor did he try to understand）,4. 模拟6-90 Not until he went ab
6、road .(他才知道了事情的真像) （key: did he know the truth of the fact.） 5. 模拟8-89 Not until they were twenty years old .(他们才再次相遇) （key : did they meet again.） 6. 模拟9-87 Only after they had performed hundreds of experiment .(他们才成功地解决了这个问题) （key : did they succeed in solving the problem.）,2. 非谓语动词（尤其分词作状语）,2008年
7、6月第90题： _(与我成长的地方相比) this town is more prosperous and exciting. key : 分词做状语要求其逻辑主语与句子主语一致 = If the town is compared with the place where I grew up, this town 用过去分词 compared; 即： Compared with the place where I grew up注意，答案中除过去分词（compared with ）做伴随外，还含有where引导的定语从句。,考点： 分词做状语表原因伴随条件结果等，要求其逻辑主语与句子主语一致。
8、 eg: from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful. (seen, seeing) =If the city is seen from,the city. =Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the city beautiful.,分词doing的形式,Exercise,1.模拟5-87 （好久没有收到父母的来信）， he became worried. (key: Not having heard from his parents for a long time） = Because
9、he hadnt heard from,he became(动作先于谓语用完成式，因为否定前面加上not),3. 虚拟,2006年6月第89题： The professor required that （我们交研究报告） by Friday. Key: require that(should) do we (should) hand in our research report,2006年12月第89题： The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. Key: 与过去相反，主句：would have done;
10、 从句：had done would have had a chance to survive/ of survival 2009年6月第88题： If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary (就不会被大雨淋了). Key: 与过去相反，主句：would have done; 从句：had done wouldnt have been caught by the rain,考点：虚拟用法 （一）that从句中用(should) do 1.由以下V引导的that从句中： 要求：ask, request, demand, desire；命令：order, d
11、ecree; 决定：decide, determine; 建议：suggest, advise, recommend, propose; insist eg: He insisted that I (should) not smoke. eg: He insisted that he didnt break the window.(坚持认定一个事实时不用虚拟),2. 由以下N 引导的同位语或者表语从句中：即以上动词的名词形式： ask, request, desire; suggestion, recommendation, proposal. eg: Your advice (that sh
12、e wait till next week) is reasonable. (同位语解释说明作用) eg: Our demand is (that another experience be made). (表语从句) 3. 由以下adj引导的that从句中： important, essential, vital; proper, improper, appropriate; impossible; natural, necessary eg: It was necessary that he leave immediately.,（二）一些表假设情况的虚拟 eg: If I had arr
13、ived 5 minutes earlier, I would have met the star.,（三）wish that-从句 eg: I wish I hadnt said that. (我希望我没有说过那) would rather that-从句 eg: Id rather you went home now. (与现在相反),（四） Its (high/about) time thatdid/ （should）do eg: Its time we held a meeting to discuss it.,Exercises,1.模拟2-89 It was essential t
14、hat (这个问题必须解决). (key: the problem (should) be solved.),2. 模拟5-91 If they hadnt saved us, we (在暴风雨里的河里淹死了) (key: 与过去情况相反，主句：would have done; 从句： had done would have been drown in the stormy river.) 3. 模拟6-89 If you (听从了我的劝告)， you would not be in trouble now. (key: 时态交叉-从句：过去相反-had done; 主句：现在相反would
15、do had followed may advice),4.定语从句,2007年6月第88题： The prevent and treatment of AIDS is (我们可以合作的领域). Key: 定语从句-先行词field，可用which/that, 还原：We can cooperate in this field. 介词提前时只能用which = in which we can cooperate=where we can cooperate. the field where/in which we can cooperate.,2008年12月第87题： Medical res
16、earchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _(他们至今还没有答案) Key : they still have no answers to the problems = which/that they still have no answers to = to which they still have no answers to which they still have no answers,考点： 定语从句 1)定语从句引导词三个功能缺一不可：引导定从，指代主句中的一个n/pron，在从句中充当一个成分。 2)引导
17、词的省略：在从句中充当的成分是宾语时 Eg: The book (that/which) he is reading is written by Li Ming. 3)定从介词提前的情况：指代人时：介词+whom; 指代事：介词+which. Eg: This is the house which/that Lu Xun used to live in. = This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.,5. 比较级,2006年6月第90题： The more you explain, (我越糊涂) Key: the more, the mor
18、e 结构(后一句中可倒装，也可以不倒装) the more confused I am.,Exercise,1.模拟4-90 （我们生产的粮食越多），the greater will be our achievement. (key: The more grain we produce) 2.模拟7-88 The less we fancy ourselves ill or bother about little bodily discomforts, (或许越有可能保持身体的健康). (key : 我们越少想着我们生病或抱怨身体不适，越有可能身体健康 比较级用法 the more likel
19、y perhaps we are to preserve our health.),二.常考短语和句型结构,(一)历年真题翻译中常见短语 1. have trouble / difficulty (in) doing eg: 2009-6-87 Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had (很难跟上班上的学生) in math and English. (key: difficulty (in) keeping up with his classmates.),eg: 2006-6-87 Having s
20、pent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去博物馆的路). (key: (in) finding the way to the museum.),2.be likely to do eg: 2009-6-89 It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重). (key: more likely to put on/gain weight.),3.no matter 让步状从 eg: 2008-6-89 Leaving ones job, (
21、无论是什么工作)， is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. (key: no matter what kind of job it is),eg: 2007-12-89 I am going to purchase this course, (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). (key: no matter what sacrifices I will make),4.Thanks to/ owing to eg: 2007-12-87 (多亏了一系列的新发明)， doctors can treat h
22、is disease successfully. (key: Thanks to/ Owing to a series of new inventions.),5.take into account/ consideration eg: 2007-6-87 The finding of this study failed to (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). (key : take peoples sleep quality into account/ consideration.),6. might/may as well 不妨 cannotadj/adv+enough无论都不为过 eg: You cannot be too careful when you drive home. eg: You cannot pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.,Thank You!,