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1、Grammar,说明,本章内容可用两种学习方法。 1.学习时鼠标点击空白处学习。 2.可用点击图标学习，例如，可点击 来进行学习。 3.图标 是供奥班学生或有能力的学生学习。,Attributive clause (限制性定语从句),先行词和关系词,定语从句,关系代词如何引导定语从句,关系代词的使用方法,定语从句中需注意事项,附加部分,习题,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk.,定
2、语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.,先行词和关系词 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 先行词、关系词/引导词,对等 ,代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行词关系词 bike,关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。,关系代词如何引导定语从句 普通代词与关系代词的区别 I h
3、ave a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. 普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) 关系代词： （如上例who/which）,1. 除了代替先行词外， 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分， 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）,说明如下 The building is our school.+The building stands by the river.= The building which/that stands by t
4、he river is our school. 先行词 关系词 从句 which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。,The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother. (主句) The woman is my mother (从句) The woman is spe
5、aking at the meeting.,主语是单数,The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists. (主句)The women are famous scientists. (从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.,主语是复数,关系词判 断 步 骤 : 首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系词可能用which或that,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,最后，要确定关
6、系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句),注意,定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 . The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用一般现在时) (从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间),定语从句的辨认（思考步骤） 找出先行词 a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。 b.确定定语从句的位置 确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格 确定从句
7、的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）,关系代词的使用方法,定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。,that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.） 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday?
8、 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost? Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?,2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。 ( which 与that 指物时可以互相代替，that 更常见。） 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2)
9、The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The film which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful.,3. who 指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语),1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmat
10、es. The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.,2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.,4.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag wa
11、s stolen.,Ill call a person. His father knows you. Ill call a person whose father knows you.,Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.,1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud
12、of .,2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.,注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at ,关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),3 )The room (that) I live in
13、 is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.,4).I want to find the pen (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.,Here
14、are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.,定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have
15、 ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon. 2.先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时,只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold. 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see
16、.,4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all,any 作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want ? We havent got much that we can offer you. 5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?,从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用 用who,而不用that 1.先行词是one
17、(s),anyone,someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth. 2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.,附加部分 关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一
18、样，具有 数种作用。 在从句中代替先行词。 在句中作状语。 连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。,关系副词有三种： where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. ( on/in/atwhich) when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。(on/ inwhich) why: 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。,关系副词的用法： 1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词） The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed w
19、asnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean .,at the hotel.,We stayed,there.,先行词,关系词,从句,从句,共有五个不同的句子来表达。,2.when的用法： （先行词应是表示时间的名词） Ill never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语) Ill n
20、ever forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.,从句,3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名词) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party,略,
21、在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。,Exerc ses I.Rewrite the sentences II.Choose the best answers III.Translate,I.把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.,1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen. 2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike? 3.The student didnt agree with us.T
22、he student was standing under the tree. 4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now. 5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday. 6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday. 7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.,The little g
23、irl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.,Have you seen the bike whose colour is green.,The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us.,Where is the man who talked with you just now?,The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice.,The book( that/which) you l
24、ent me yesterday is very interesting.,The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher,8. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. 9. Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese” 10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it. 11.He used to live in a
25、 house.In front of it grew many apple trees. 12.This is the room. We lived in it last year. 13.The children are very healthy. She is looking after them. 14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.,The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend.,Im reading a book whose name is “Who Mo
26、ved My Cheese”,He works in a school near which there is a big store .,This is the room (that/which)we lived in last year. This is the room in which /where we lived last year.,The children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.,I know the boy who/that can speak English well,He used to
27、live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees,15.The season is summer.It comes after spring. 16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday. 17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it. 18.I know the boy.You are looking for him. 19.This is the town.He was born in the town. 20.We arriv
28、ed here on the day.Do you remember it?,The season which comes after spring is summer.,The man (whom /that)I spoke to yesterday was American. The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.,I cant find the house (which /that) my friend lives in. I cant find the house in which /where my friend lives.,
29、I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for.,This is the town (which/that) he was born in. This is the town in which/where he was born.,Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on? Do you remember the day on which we arrived here? Do you remember the day when we arrived here?,II.单
30、项选择。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where 3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen 4. The man _is painting
31、 the house is my uncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who 5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.which 6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos 7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.th
32、at C.who D.whose 8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which 9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D/ 10.The man_is smoking is a tailor. A.whom B.who C.which D.what _,A,C,B,D,B,C,C,A,A,B,11Which anima
33、l is your favourite? The one _has a long neck. A.which B.that C.it D.who 12.Is this the factory _produces colour TV sets? A.what B./C.which D.where 13.The high building _is a big hotel. A.that he is looking B.which he is looking C.we are looking at D.at that we are looking 14Is there anyone _ can an
34、swer this question? A.which B.whom C.who D.he 15.In the afternoon well visit the high school _is very famous here. A.which B.where C.it D./ 16.The fox _ the chickens were killed was shot. A.that B.which C.for that D.by which 17.The computer _can store a lot of information is widely used today. A.in
35、which B.that C.with which D.where 18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 19.Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _ran after each other on the road. A.who B.which C.that D.as 20.Shanghai is the place in _he was born. A.which B.what C.whose D.that,B,C,C,C
36、,A,D,B,A,C,A,21.Do you know the man _is painting the house? Of course.Hes my uncle. A. whom B.who C.which D.whose 22.The hospital _was built last year will open soon. A.where B.which C.who D./ 23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot. A.who B.that C.its D.whose 24.The hospital _his father works in
37、 is a new one. A.that B.in that C.in which D.where 26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the police. A.his B.who C.whos D.whose 27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be found. A.which,in B.which ,with C.that ,by D.that ,for 28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cover is broken ？ A.which B.that C.who D.wh
38、ose 29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked ？ A.who B.whom C.that D.whose 30.This is the book_Im looking for. A./ B.which C.that D.all the above,B,B,D,A,D,B,D,B,D,31This is the only book _I bought last year. A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B 32.All_Im going to do is good. A.that B.which C.what
39、 D.Both A and B 33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital. A.whose B.which C.whos D.at which 34.This is the best book_I have read. A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B 35.This is the school_ I worked seven years ago. A.in which B.in that C.which D. that 36.All the books_I put on the desk are
40、yours. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B 37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth. A.which B.the one C that D. the one what 38.Is this the river_I can swim? A.which B.that C.in which D.the one 39.Watch the old lady and her dog_are crossing the street. A. which B. that C .who D.they 40.Can you
41、 lend me the dictionary_the other day? A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it,B,A,A,A,A,A,B,C,B,A,41.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago. A.where B.which C.what D.in which 42.Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south? A.whos
42、e B.which C which of D.its 43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree 44This is the last time _Ill give you a lesson. A.when B.that C.what D.as 45.I dont think the number of people_ this happens is very large. A.who B.to whom C.to which D
43、.that 46.Here is the dress_in the shop window. A.You saw it B.that you saw it C.that saw it D.you saw 47.I was the only person in my office_was invited. A.who B.whom C which D.what 48.The man _hair is yellow is the thief. A.who B.whose C.that D.which 49.This is the most beautiful bird _I have ever s
44、een. A.which B .that C.who D.whose 50.The person to_you talked is our maths teacher. A.which B.whose C.that D. whom,B,A,C,A,B,B,D,B,B,D,根据汉语完成句子： 1.This is the engineer_ (给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day. 2.My necklace is not _(唯一不见的东西） 3.The man_(在这间房子里工作的)is a chemist. 4.The old building_(我们住的)has been
45、 here for 30 years. 5.The history book _(封皮是黄的）was lost. 6.Her is the pen _(你昨天丢失的） 7.This is the best book_(我读过的） 8.I have lost the pen_（我父亲给我买的） 9.Wheat is a plant _（中国北方 种植的） 10.I dont like the people_(说得多可 做得少的）,who gave us a talk about computers,the only thing thats missing,who works in the room,(that/which) we live in,whose cover is yellow,(that)you lost yesterday.,(that) I have read,(which/that) my father bought me,which/that is grown in the north of China,who talk too much but do little,猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗? 1.不懂装懂，一事无成. He who knows nothing but preten