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1、被动语态,The Passive Voice,英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态 (the Passive Voice),A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们打扫了教室。 The clas
2、sroom was cleaned by them yesterday. 昨天教室被他们打扫了。,(一)主动语态变被动语态的方法:,1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语; 2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”; 3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。,be + done,(二)被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,1.被动语态的各种时态,1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken,一般现在时的被动语态： am / is / are + d
3、one,2. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for,一般过去时的被动语态： was / were + done,3. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up,一般将来时的被动语态： will + be + done be going to + be + done,4. Three bridges _ since
4、 last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built,现在完成时的被动语态：have/ has+ been + done,5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water,含有情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be + done,Oral practice-1. Change each sentence into passive voice: A car knocked him down yesterday. Two
5、doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree,He was knocked down by a car yesterday The medical team is made up of by two A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.,4)Well put on the play next Sunday 5)Workers are building a new teaching
6、 building in our school 6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year,The play will be put on next Sunday A new teaching building is being built by workers in our school The railway had been completed by the end of last year,7)We should protect the earth 8)You need to paint the wall,The e
7、arth should be protected The wall needs to be painted,(三)何时使用被动语态？ 1、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 2、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。,3、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was born in October，1989 4、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如： Tina是被Paul叫来的。 Tina is asked to come b
8、y Paul,5、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that ,主动变被动的特殊结构,1.含有双宾语的主动句 (give pass, lend, buy, write, bring, show, tell),I gave the book to Mr. Smith yes
9、terday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).,Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).,2.谓语动词含有介词的主动句,They have never listened to him.,He has never been listened to.,他们从不听他的话。,2. They take good care of the baby.,1. He bought her a watch. A watch was bought for her (
10、by him). She was bought a watch (by him).,The baby is taken good care of by them.,He made me do the work,3. feel, listen to, hear, make, let ,have, see,watch, notice, look at等动词/短语不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。,I was made to do the work by him.,He is often heard to play the guitar,We often hear him play th
11、e guitar,I saw him fall off the tree,He was seen to fall off the tree,A traffic accident _(happen) just now.,happened,2. 连系动词（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, become,Peking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.,sounds,3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:,The pen _ (write) very fast.,writes,This
12、 kind of sweater _ (sell) well.,sells,1.表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词（vi.) 如:begin, open, start, end,stop, happen, take place, ,主动形式表示被动意义：,(表示主语的自然属性特征) + 副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：,write, sell, wash, run, ,The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C. have sold D. are being sold This kind of cloth _ easi
13、ly A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed,表示主语的属性特征的动词+副词well/ badly/easily/smoothly,用主动式表被动义,作“需要”讲的need： need to be done 或 need doing Your jacket needs to be washed. Your jacket needs washing.,be worth doing 值得做某事,His suggestion is not worth considering.,4.动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1.It suddenly s
14、nowed while Mary _for the bus. A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited 2.A big power station( )_in my home town now. A.has been built B.is being built C.has built D. is building 3.Stamps_by people for sending letters. A. use B. using C.used D. are used. 4.Must old people_to politely? A. speak B.
15、 spoken C. be spoke D. be spoken,C,B,D,D,5.Bike mustnt _everywhere. A. be up B. be put C. put C. putting 6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road. A. lay B. was lain C. lied D. has lain 7.The old man and the children_in our country. A.must take good care B.must be take good care of C. must tak
16、e good care of D. must be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_ From the east. A. has risen B. rise C. rises D. is risen,B,A,D,C,9.All trees must_well when it is dry. A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered 10._I think the shop_. _No,its open. It_at six. Asked B.
17、 will be asked C. closed; closes D. closes; is closed 11.This bike is made in America. Its_for travelling. A.use B.using C.to use D.used,D,D,D,12.The key _for locking the classroom door. A.uses B. is used C.is using D.use 13.A new school _over there in two years. A.may built B.may be built C. is built 14. He was made _yesterday. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.to be cried 15.The PRC_on October 1,1949. A.was found B. is found C.was founded D.is founded 16.A talk on Chinese history_in the school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D. will give,B,B,B,C,C,