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1、Grammar,过去分词作状语,过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：,1. When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.,Seen from the hill,1. 时间状语, 可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等.,2. Dont speak until you are spoken to.,Until spoken to,2.原因状语,1. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers word
2、s, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.,Greatly touched by the teachers words,2. As he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do.,Surprised at what happened,3.条件状语,1. If we were given more time, we could do it much better.,Given more time,2. If it is heated to a high temper
3、ature, water will change into vapour.,Heated to a high temperature,4. 让步状语,1. Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.,Though warned of the storm,2. Even if Im invited, I wont take part in the party.,Even if invited,5. 方式、伴随状语,1. The teacher entered the
4、 classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.,Followed by a group of students,2. The manager held his head high, he walked into the room.,Holding his head high,注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词作状语，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。 例如： _for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 _ the
5、book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。,Used,Using,【例题】_, liquids can be changed into gases. A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 答案C. 本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，,连词+分词（短语） 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在 分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if tho
6、ugh，after, before, as. 但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。 例如： While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. 等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。 （waiting 和saw 的主语相同）,Exercises:,1. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.,Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed,2. There was a
7、terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.,followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed,B,B,3. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead.,lying B. lie C. lay D. laying,4. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.,sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have
8、sailed,A,B,1. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose,配套练习,动词-ing或过去分词作状语, 其逻辑主语应是主句主语。,2. If _ the same treatment again, hes sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given,3. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous univ
9、ersities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding,析: 正确答案为 C 项。哈佛大学是1636 年被建的, 所以该空应填过去分词 Founded 作状语。,4. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared,5. _ time, hell ma
10、ke a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 6. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed,8. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being complet
11、ed D. to be completed,析：正确答案为 A 项。博物馆是被完工的, 所以该空应填过去分词completed 作状语。,( )1. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.( )2. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened
12、D. opened,A,D,高考链接,( )3. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,A,( )4. The researcher is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun,D,( )5.
13、Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited,A,( )6. Friendship is like money: easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. having kept,A,( )7. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; borin
14、g B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring ( )8. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given,A,D,( )9. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being
15、 written D. written ( )10. _ is thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose,D,C,( )11. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding,C,( )12. When _, the m
16、useum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed,A,( )13. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying,B,( )14. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known,D,注意: 用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致, 否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构.,1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.,2. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.,