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1、.I. Choose the best answer. 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human _A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community2.Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language? A nice day, isnt it? Right! I really enjoy the sunligh
2、t. A. Emotive B. Phatic C. Performative D. Interpersonal3._ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language usersknowledge of the rules of his language in utterances. A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole4._ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A
3、. Linguistic theory B. Practical linguistics精品.C. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguistics5. _ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language. A. PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropological linguisticsC. Sociolinguistics D. Applied linguistics6. Pitch variation is known as _ whe
4、n its patterns are imposed on sentences. A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice7. Conventionally a _ is put in slashes (/ /). A. allophone B. phone C. phoneme D. morpheme8. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _ of the p phoneme. A. analogues B. tagmemes C. morphemes D.
5、allophones9. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as _. A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula精品.10. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as _ diphthongs. A. wide B. closing C. narrow D. centering11. A phoneme is a gr
6、oup of similar sounds called _. A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones12. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds? A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. None of the above13. Which one is different from the others according
7、 to places of articulation? A. n B. m C. b D. p14. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. i: B. u C. e D. i 15. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless 精品.B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant16. Nouns, verbs
8、and adjectives can be classified as _. A. lexical words B. grammatical words C. function words D. form words17. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called _ morpheme. A. inflectional B. free C. bound D. derivational18. There are _ morphemes in the word denationalization. A. t
9、hree B. four C. five D. six19. In English ise and tion are called _. A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. stems20. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and _. A. derivational affix B. inflectional affix C. infix D. back-formation精品.21. _ is a way in which new words may be formed from a
10、lready existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word. A. affixation B. back-formation C. insertion D. addition22. The word TB is formed in the way of _. A. acronymy B. clipping C. initialism D. blending23. The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by _. A. blen
11、ding B. clipping C. back-formation D. acronymy24. The stem of disagreements is _. A. agreement B. agree C. disagree D. disagreement25. All of them are meaningful except for _. A. lexeme B. phoneme C. morpheme D. allomorph26. The sentence structure is _. A. only linear B. only hierarchical C. complex
12、 D. both linear and hierarchical 精品.27. The syntactic rules of any language are _ in number. A. large B. small C. finite D. infinite 28. The _ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences. A. lexical B. morphological C. linguistic D. combinational 29. A sentence is
13、considered _ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical 30. A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subord
14、inator 31. Phrase structure rules have _ properties. A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional 32. Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize
15、 possible sentences 精品.D. all of the above.33. The head of the phrase “the city Rome” is _. A. the city B. Rome C. city D. the city Rome34. The phrase “on the shelf” belongs to _ construction. A. endocentric B. exocentric C. subordinate D. coordinate35. The sentence “They were wanted to remain quiet
16、 and not to expose themselves.” is a _ sentence. A. simple B. coordinate C. compound D. complex36. The naming theory is advanced by _. A. Plato B. Bloomfield C. Geoffrey Leech D. Firth 37. “Can I borrow your bike?”_ “You have a bike.” A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D. presu
17、pposes 精品.38. _ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. A. Predication analysis B. Componential analysis C. Phonemic analysis D. Grammatical analysis 39. “Alive” and “dead” are _. A. gradable antonyms B. relational antonymsC. comple
18、mentary antonyms D. None of the above 40. _ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. A. Reference B. Concept C. Semantics D. Sense 41. _ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. A. Polysemy B. Syno
19、nymy C. Homonymy D. Hyponymy 42. Words that are close in meaning are called _. A. homonyms B. polysemies C. hyponyms D. synonyms 精品.43. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context
20、 44. A sentence is a _ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual 45. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _. A. constative B. directive C. utterance D.
21、expressive 46. Speech act theory did not come into being until _. A. in the late 50s of the 20the century B. in the early 1950s C. in the late 1960s D. in the early 21st century 47. _ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by
22、 the utterance. A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act精品. C. A perlocutionary act D. A performative act 48. _ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 49. A. SyntaxB. Grammar C. MorphologyD. Morpheme50. _ are often thought to
23、 be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. WordsB. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences 51. “-s” in the word “books” is_.52. A. a derivative affixB. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a root 53.Bound morphemes are classified into two types: _ affix _ and _bound root_.54. The th
24、eory of _ condition explains the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.55. _ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form. A. Polysemy B. Synonymy 精品.C. Homonymy D. Hyponymy 56. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _. A. gra
25、mmatical rules B. selectional restrictions C. semantic rules D. semantic features57. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _ is considered. A. reference B. speech act C. practical usage D. context 58.A sentence is a _ concept, and the meaning of a
26、 sentence is often studied in isolation. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. mental D. conceptual 59. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) _. A. constative B. directive C. utterance D. expressive 60. Which of the following is true? A. Ut
27、terances usually do not take the form of sentences. B. Some utterances cannot be restored to complete sentences. C. No utterances can take the form of sentences. D. All utterances can be restored to complete sentences. 精品.65. Speech act theory did not come into being until _. A. in the late 50s of t
28、he 20the century B. in the early 1950s C. in the late 1960s D. in the early 21st century 66. _ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance. A. A locutionary act B. An illocutionary act C. A perlocutionary act D. A
29、 performative act 67. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is _. A. to get the hearer to do something B. to commit the speaker to somethings being the case C. to commit the speaker to some future course of action D. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existin
30、g state of affairs 68. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ _. A. in their illocutionary acts B. in their intentions expressed 精品. C. in their strength or force D. in their effect brought about 69. _ is advanced by Paul Grice A. Cooperative Principle
31、B. Politeness Principle C. The General Principle of Universal Grammar D. Adjacency Principle 70. When any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _ might arise. A. impoliteness B. contradictions C. mutual understanding D. conversational implicatures71.The person who is often descri
32、bed as “father of modern linguistics” is _. A. Firth B. Saussure C. Halliday D. Chomsky72.The most important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of _. A. function B. meaning C. signs D. system精品.73.The principal representative of American descriptive li
33、nguistics is _. A. Boas B. Sapir C. Bloomfield D. Harris74.Generally speaking, the _ specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Margin in the structure. A. Slot B. Class C. Role D. Cohesion75. _ Grammar is the most widespread and the best understood method of dis
34、cussing Indo-European languages. A. Traditional B. Structural C. Functional D. Generative76. _ Grammar started from the American linguist Sydney M. Lamb in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. A. Stratificational B. Case C. Relational D. Montague77. In Hallidays view, the _ function is the function t
35、hat the child uses to know about his surroundings. A. personal B. heuristic C. imaginative D. informative78. The rheme in the sentence “On it stood Jane” is _. A. On it B. stood C. On it stood 精品. D. Jane79.Chomsky follows _ in philosophy and mentalism in psychology. A. empiricism B. behaviorism C.
36、relationalism D. mentalism 80. TG grammar has seen _ stages of development. A. three B. four C. five D. sixII. Explain the following terms, using examples. 1. linguistics2. competenceCompetence: It is an essential part of performance. It is the speakers knowledge of his or her language; that is, of
37、its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally unconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.精品.3. Synchronic linguisticsSynchronic linguistics:
38、 It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.4. Sound assimilationSound assimilation: Speech sounds seldom occur i