初中过去完成时讲解+练习+答案.docx

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1、 去完成 一、 去完成 的概念与 构特点概念： 去完成 表示在 去某一 或 作之前已 生或完成了的 作，即“ 去的 去（ past-in-the-past）”。-|-|-|-那 以前 那 构成： 去完成 由“助 had + 在 去分 ”构成，其中had通用于各种人称。They had already had breakfastbefore theyarrivedat the hotel.She had finishedwriting the compositionby 10：00 this morning.二、 去完成 的判断依据1. 由 状 来判定一般 来，各种 都有特定的 状 。与 去完成

2、 用的 状 有：（ 1 ） by + 去的 点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.（ 2） by the end of + 去的 点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.（ 3） before + 去的 点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由“ 去的 去”来判定。 去完成 表示“ 去的 去”，是指 去某

3、一 作之前已 生或完成的 作，即 作有先后关系， 作在前的用 去完成 ，在后的用一般 去 。 种用法常出 在：（ 1） 从句中当 从句的主句 一般 去 ， 。在 told, said, knew, heard, thought且从句的 作先于主句的 作 ，从句要用 去完成等 后的 从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before.（ 2 ）状 从句中在 、条件、原因、方式等状 从句中，主、从句的 作 生有先后关系， 作在前的，要用 去完成 ， 作在后的要用一般 去 。如：When I got to the station, the train ha

4、d already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引 的 状 从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了 作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的 作 密相 ， 主、从句都用一般 去 。如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（ 3 ）表示意向的 ，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,

5、suppose 等，用 去完成 表示 原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the streetyesterday.We hadnt seen eachother since hewentto Beijing.三、过去完成时的主要用法1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒来时，雨已经停了。 （主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”

6、）2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如：He told me that he had written a new book. (had written发生在 told之前 )3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already， yet， still， just， before， never等时间副词及by，before， until等引导的短语或从句连用。如： Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a

7、middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.（ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的

8、动作发生在过去， 但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响， 与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 Im sorry to keep you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。 O

9、h, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。 （“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） John returned home yesterday.约翰昨天回到家的。 Where had he been?他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”）五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试

10、比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在没有明确的 去 状 作 志 ， 作 生的 先后 依据上下文来判断：先 生的用 去完成 ，后 生的 用一般 去 。如：She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 当两个或两个以上接 生的 作用

11、 and 或 but 接 ，按 序，只需用一般 去 来代替 去完成 ；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引 的从句中，由于 些 本身已 表示出 的先后，因此也可以用 去 来代替 去完成 。如：He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.I (had) called her before I left the office.重点英 中，已 有了一个 去一般 表示在 去 生的 作， 什么 有 去完成 呢？要 住： 去完成 的关 概念是： 假 在 去 生了两件 ( 或以上 ) 的

12、事件，一件是 A 事件，另一件是 B 事件，如果 A、B 两个事件几乎是同 生的，那就用一般 去 ；但是，如果A、B 两个事件不是同 生的，怎么 呢？那就是：哪个事件先 生，就用 去完成 ；哪个事件后 生，就用 去完成 。在上面的假 中，如果A 事件先 生， A 就用 去完成 ；如果 B 事件先 生， B 就用 去完成 ；而不管两件事是用什么 的 状 或其它形式表示的。 看例句：例 1She said (that) she had never been to Paris.例 2When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.例 3We had

13、 hoped that you would come, but you didnt.例 4Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.例 5The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office.在上面的五个例子中，我 只要稍微分析一下，就可以 ：每个例子 述的内容中，都包含着两个 ( 或以上 ) 在 去 生的事件。我 将两件事抽取出来看一

14、下，就非常明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后 生的：例 1 said had never been to( 先没有“去”，后“ ”)例 2 arrived had run away. (先“跑”了，后“到”)例 3 had hoped would come didnt (先“希望”，后才 生“没去”)例 4 was disappointed had left arrived( 先“离开”，后“到达”和“失望”)例 5 were writing went had left( 先“离开”，后“到”和“写”) 点 去完成 的 点在于： 有 候一句 中并没有出 两个事件， 因此无法比 两个事件的先

15、后。那 什么也用 去完成 呢？ 看下面的例句：例 1By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 上，在上面的例句中，仍然有着“先、后”之分的。不 ， 次不是A、 B 两件事件的先后，而是有两个 去 的“先、后”关系。首先，句子中有个明确的 去 点： 12 。 他“ 12 ”， 然是 去式。那么， 接着 “他已 开始 生了”， 个“ 生”是 生在“12 ” ， 是“ 12 ”前， 是“12 ”后？答案是肯定的：他的“ 生” 生在“12 ”之前 ! 也就是 ，“ 12 ”已 是一般 去 ，而在“

16、12 ”之前 生的事，当然是 去完成 。所以，在那么多表示 状 的 中，大家要特 注意 By、Until 等的用法。可以 ，在 述 去的事件中，如果出 By 状 ，很有可能要用 去完成 了。 ( 当然，我 的是很有可能。 ) 似的 表达方式 有Until 、Before 等。只要大家把握了 去完成 的基本含 ，不管句子怎么 化， 没有多大的 。例如：例 2Until then, his family hadnt heard from him for six month.此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有个明确的 去 点then( 那 ) ，而 hadnt heard 生在 then 之前 ( 包括

17、 then) 。所以此句用的是 去完成 。再 两个例子， 大家自己分析：例 3We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term.例 4I waited until he had finished his homework.例 5We had got to the station before 10:00. 一：一 . 用 的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before

18、he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4.The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen_(arrive).5.I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6.Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make)a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _

19、 (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. Whenthe chairman _ (finish)speaking,he _ (leave)thehall.10.The Reads _(have) lunch when I _(get) to theirhouse.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish)

20、 his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (be) therebefore.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet.17. He said he _already_(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before.19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(p

21、lay) the guitar while her sister_(sing).一、单选1When Li Ming hurriedhome， he foundthathis mother _already_tohospital.A has ； been sentB had ； sentC has ； sentD had ； been sent2We _five English songs by the end of last term.A had learnedBlearnedC have learnedD will have learned3Han Mei told me she _lunc

22、h ， so she was very hungry.A has hadB hasnt haveC have hadD hadnt had4By the end of 1976， many buildings _built in the city.A have beenB haveC had beenD will5She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.A has left； comesB had left； would comeC had left； cameD left ；had come

23、6He said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink.A had enjoyedB was enjoyingC have enjoyedD have been enjoying7The meeting _when Mr. Wang _to school.A has begun； getB has been on；getC had begun； gotD hadbeen on ；got二、填空1When I returned home ， he _（leave ）。2By ten yesterday evening， she

24、_ （ finish）writing.3He _（ study ） English for five years before he came here.4It _（ stop ） raining when I wake up this morning.5I _ （not read） the book because I had read it before.6She said she_（be） born in 1992.7When he _（come） to China two years ago he found people didnt understandhim at all thou

25、gh he _（ learn ） some Chinese in his own country.8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _（ not see ） each other since left Beijing.9 When I got to his home， he_ （go） to bed.10 She asked if Mr. Liu _ already _（come） back. 一参考答案：一 . 用 的适当形式填空1. hadpainted.moved 2.had made .died3. had studied left4.hadrunaway.a

26、rrived5. had turned offwent 6. went had made 7. saidhad read 8failedhad made 9. (had)finishedleft10.were having/hadhadgot11.arrived .had left 12. had learned 13. (had) finished 14. had .done 15 didntgo had been 16. hasnt told 17 hadgiven 18. have been 19. had been 20. wasplayingwas singing二句型 1I had

27、nt sold the ticket when she came.2. She hadnt sung a song to us before she danced.3. They didnt begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.4. Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a.m?5. Had Lucy completed the project when I arrived yet?6. Had the plane taken off by the ti

28、me he got to the airport?7. What had he done when you saw him?8.What did he do when he had read the note?9. Why didnt Jack go to the cinema?10. How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child? 11.What had she written by the end of 1960?12.After we had cooked the dumplings, we a

29、te them up.13.Jim s father mended the car because it had been broken.14.After we had had our tests, we had a long holiday.15. Before he showed us around the house, he had showed us the picture练习二 答案： 1D 2 A 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 A 7 C 答案： 1 had left 2 had finished 3 had studied 5 didnt read 6 was 7 came had learned 8 hadnt seen 9 had gone 10 had come4 had stopped