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1、.历年高考语法填空真题1. (2018 全国卷 I)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61(long) than non-runners. You don t have to run fast or for long62(see) the benefit. You maydrink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 _ (die
2、) early by running.While running regularly canmaket you live forever, the review says it 64(be) moreeffective at lengthening life 65walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the reviewalso made a study published in 2014 66showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of runningreduced the risk of
3、 heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise . it s probably running. Toavoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉 )，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,
4、 easy and it69 s always(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.2. (2018 全国卷 II) 阅读下面短文 ,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Diets have changed in china-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the cou
5、ntry 61_ (grow)more corn than rice。 Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62 _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63 _(actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feedchickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns ri
6、se: The government encouragesfarmers to grow corn instead of rice 64_(improve) water quality. Corn uses less water _65_ riceand creates less fertilizer ( 化肥 )runoff. This switch has decreased 66_ (pollute)in thecountrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to
7、 the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67_(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government 68_ (start) a soil-testing program 69_ gives specific fertilizerrecommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped
8、 by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放 ) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70 _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and foodpolicymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen oegeleV.3. (2018 全国卷 III)阅读下面短文， 在
9、空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Im not sure61is more frightened, me or the female gorilla( 大猩猩 ) that suddenlyappears out of nowhere. Imwalkingon a path inthe forest inthe Central African Republic.Unexpectedly, Im face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at62top of her lungs.That makes her baby
10、 scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lowermyself, ducking my head to avoid64(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel65(challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a66(scien
11、ce) who studies animals such as apes andmonkeys. I was searching67these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing. Noone had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find68(they) alive. True togorillas unaggres
12、sive nature, the huge animal69(mean) no real harm. He was just saying:“ Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message was delivered, he a;.70(stay) and watch.4.（ 2017 全国）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fa
13、t content and less salt.This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61a method offighting heart disease, has had some unintended side62(effect)such as overweight andheart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. T
14、hey are required63(process) the foodthat we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt64(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As65result, people will eatmore food to try to make up for that something missing. Even66(bad),the amount
15、 offast food that people eat goes up. Fast food67(be) full of fat and salt; by68(eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack( 吃点心 ) between mealsand will improve the taste of your food. Howev
16、er, be69(care) not to go to extremes. Likeanything, it is possible to have too much of both,70is not good for the health.5.（ 2017 全国）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed peop
17、le to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work. It took three years to complete and was built using aninteresting method. This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building astrong roof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road
18、 surface was replaced.Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.Later, eng
19、ineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels隧(道） ,which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most_70_(success)of these new lines, and was opened
20、 in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.6.（ 2017 全国）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But un
21、like school friends ,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 _ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6500 a day 62as _ model in New York.Sarah63 _ (tell) that she could be Britain s new supermodel earning a million dthe new year. Her father Peter 44,wants her to give up school to model fulltime Bu
22、t Sarah,64 _has taken part in shows along with top models wants65_ (prove) that she has brains as well asbeauty. She is determined to carry on with her66_ (educate).She has turned down several 67_ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate onher studies After school she plans to take a ye
23、ar off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68_ engineering or architecture.Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school69 _(come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is70 _ (certain) fun but the lifestyleis a little unr
24、eal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model my more.7. （2016 全国）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正;.确形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But ftourists like me, pandas are its top_61_(attract).So it was a great honour to
25、 be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticketmoney helps pay for research, I_62（ allow ）to get up close to these cute animals at the600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be _63_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my conne
26、ction with pandas goesback _64_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _65_ I was the firstWestern TV reporter_66_ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued fromstarvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties willinclude _67_(introduce) Britishvisitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengd
27、u and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _68_ (it)mother. The nursery team switches him every few _69_( day) with his sister so that while oneis being bottle-fed, _70_ other is with mum-she never
28、 suspects.8.（ 2016 全国卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify（识别）those of61_ _ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first soyoull feel a real sense of62_ (achieve). Leaving the less
29、 important things untiltomorrow63_(be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused64our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So getan early start and try to be as productive65_possible before lunch. This will give you theconfidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home
30、 feeling accomplished.Recent66(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks67 _(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for68while,exercising, or doing something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less l
31、ikely69_(bring) your work home. It could be anything, gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 70_ (make )sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.9.（ 2016 全国卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。In much of Asia, especially the so-called “ ricebowl ”
32、cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might42 (make)of gold and silve
33、r with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43_ (create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food inlarge pots, 44 _ (use) twigs( 树枝 ) to remove it. Over time,45the populationgrew, people began
34、cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in smallpieces could be eaten easily with twigs which46(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47_-lived fromroughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the48_(develop) of chopsticks. Confuc
35、ius believed;.knives would remind people of killings and49_ (be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat50_their hands.10.（2015 全国）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。Yangshuo, ChinaIt was rain
36、ing lightly when I_61_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnA few hours_62_, I d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63_ (it) choking smog. Here,the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops anddarkwat
37、ersoftheLiRiver_64_are picturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese_65_(painting). Instead, I d headed straightfor Yangshuo. For those who fly toGuilin, it sonly an hour away_66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo_67_(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68_(conduct)by the we
38、bsite TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And thetown is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, atravel company in Hong Kong, says it _69_(regular) arranges quick getaways here forpeople_70_(live) in Shanghai and Hon
39、g Kong.11.（2015全国卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。The adobe dwellings (土坯房 )61 _（ build） by the Pueblo Indians of the AmericanSouthwest are admired by even62 _ most modern of architects and engineers. In additionto their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their63_ (able
40、) to“ aircondition ” a house without 64 ( use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heatfrom the sun on hot days and give out that heat65 _( slow) during cool nights, thuswarming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now coldenough66_ (cool) the
41、house during the hot day;67_ the sametime, they warm up again for the night. This cycle68_ (go) day after day: Thewalls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消 )for the outside temperatures. As69 _ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figuredout
42、 exactly70_ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on mostdays.12.（2014 全国卷）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland,Ohio. It _61_（be）unimaginablethatit cou
43、ldeverbe cleanedup.Theriverwas so polluted that it_62_(actual)caught fire and burned. Now,ears later, thisriveris one of_63_mostoutstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the riverwasnchangedt in a few days _64_even a fewmonths. Ittook years ofwork_65_(reduce ) the industrial pollution and cl
44、ean the water. Finally, that hard work paidoff and now the water in the river is_66_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit _67_is driving yourfamily crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don t know how to control your credit card use. W;.you face such an impossible situation ,don yout want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, f