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1、.主谓一致一、并列主 的主 一致1、两个 数名 或不可数名 用and 接，表示两个不同的概念 ， 常用复数形式。如：Tom and Jack were close friends.2. 两个 数名 用 and 接， 第二个名 前不加冠 ，表示同一人、同一物或同一个概念，或表示不可分割的一个整体 ， 仍用 数形式。The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.3. 被 every, each, many a, no 等限定的 数名 由and 接 ， 仍用 数形式。Each boy and each girl has an apple.M
2、any a teacher and (many a) student has seen the film.4. 一个 数名 或不可数名 被几个用and 接的并列形容 修 ，可以指一件事或几件事， 种名 作主 ，要根据意 一致的原 决定 的 复数形式。如：Simple and plain living is a fine quality.English and American literature are appealing to her.5. 由 and 接的两个 what 从句作主 ，要根据意 一致的原 决定 的 复数形式。如：What he says and does do not ag
3、ree.What he says and does does not concern me.6.由 or, nor, either or, neither nor, not only 接的并but列主also ， 通常根据就近一致原 ， 的 复数形式要和与它 近的主 的数保持一致。如：One or two friends are coming this evening.A cigar or a cigarette is very enjoyable.Neither I nor he is in favor of her marriage.Either you or I am going to
4、be in charge of this matter.7.名“ +with, along with, together with, as well as, rather, but, except等 +名 ” 构作主 ， 的 复数形式要与第一个名 保持一致。如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.Dr. Smith, together with his wife, is to arrive on the evening.二、某些名 作主 的主 一致1. 集体名 family, class, crew, team,
5、 group, audience, crowd, government, committee 等作主 ， 的 复数形式要根据主 所指的意 而定。当把集体名 当做一个整体来看待 ， 常用 数形式；如果指其中各个成 ， 常用复数形式。如：The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.The class are doing experiments.2. 有些集体名 ，如cattle, folk, people, police, poultry( 家禽 )等作主 ， 是跟复数 形式。如：The people hope to live a
6、 happy life.The police have caught the criminal.;.3. 由两部分构成的表示物体的名 ，如trousers, pants, jeans, compasses, glasses, shorts 等作主 ， 常用复数形式。但如果 名 前用了a pair of或 two/three .pairs of 来修 ， 在数上要与pair 保持一致。如：These trousers need cleaning.Your glasses are very nice.This pair of trousers is mine.Here are some new p
7、airs of shoes.三、“名 （或代 ） +of+名 ”作主 的主 一致1.由“ some of/plenty of/a lot of/lots of/the rest of/all of/half of/part of/the remainder of(或分数百分数 +of)+ 名 ”作主 ， 常与of 后的名 保持数的一致。如：The rest of the lecture is dull.The rest of the bicycles are on sale today.A mass/Masses of information has been revealed.A mass/
8、Masses of books are kept in the library.注意： 1） all 独做主 ，其 一致关系一般要遵循意 一致的原 。如：All was silent. 万 俱寂。All were silent. 大家都沉默着。2） population 表示“人口数量”作主 ， 要用 数形式；当它前面有分数或百分数 ，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主 ， 一般用复数形式。如：The population of Canada is about 29 million.About eight percent of the population of this
9、 country are peasants.2.由“a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of+ 名 ” 和“名 +of this kind ”，以及与 kind 意 相似的 type, sort, form,part, piece, section 等构成的 似短 作主 ， 与of 前的名 保持数的一致。如：A kind of birds has been discovered by them.This kind of apples is expensive.Apples of this kind are expensive.3.当“ a number of
10、/a variety of/varieties of+ 复数名 ”作主 ， 用 数形式。但当“the number of 或the variety of+ 复数名 ”作主 ， 用 数。如：A number of new houses have been built there.There are a variety of goods on sale in the shop.The number of the people who know the secret is very limited.The variety of goods on sale in the shop is surpris
11、ing.4.“ a large amount of/large amounts of + 不可数名 ”作主 ， 用 数。“ a large quantity of +可数名 复数 /不可数名 ”作主 ， 根据所修 名 来决定。 “ large quantities of +可数名 复数 /不可数名 ”作主 ， 用复数。5. “ the majority of +作主 ”， 用复数。 the majority 独作主 ， 既可以用 数形式，也可用复数形式。如：An average of 3,000 people come to visit this famous school every yea
12、r.6.“ a total of复+数名 ”作主 与复数 用，意思是 “ 共有 . ” ; e“totalth of + 复数名 ”作主 与 数 ;. 用，意思是“的 数 ”。如：A total of 300 letters were received last month.The total of letters received lat month was 300.四、某些表示数量的名 作主 的主 一致1、表示 、 重量、距离、价格、 体 等的名 的复数形式作主 ，通常当做整体来看待， 用 数。如：Twenty years is a long time in one s life.Fort
13、y miles was covered in a single night.20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money.2. 表示数量的“ one and a half+复数名 ”作主 ，其 用 数。如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.3. “ a/an+ 数名 +or two 作”主 ， 用 数。“ one or two+复数名 ”作主 ， 用复数。如：A student or two has failed the examOne or two students were planting tr
14、ees yesterday afternoon.4. “ more+复数名 +than one ”作主 ， 常用复数More members than one have protested against the plan.5. 当 “ many a/more than one + 数名 ”作主 ，尽管其意 是复数概念，但它的 仍用 数形式。如：Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose.More than one person is involved in the matter.五、复合句中的主 一致1. 由 what 引 的从
15、句作主 ， 一般用 数形式。另外，当其他名 性从句或 短 作主 ， 通常用 数形式。如：What he said leaves much for us to think about.That I shall work with you is a great pleasure.2. 定 从句中的 的 复数形式与先行 的 复数形式保持一致。1） one of +复数名 +关系代 + 复数形式如：The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.Titanic is one of the mo
16、st wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.2) the only one of + 复数名 +关系代 + 数形式The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen form the moon.Titanic is the only one of the wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.注意： not the only one of.=one of如：.To
17、m isn t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.=Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.3) 当关系代 as 与 which 引 非限制性定 从句，指代主句内容 ，若as 与 which 做主 ， 从句的 ;.动词用单数形式，如：Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes hi
18、s parents quite happy.4) 其他情况：I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.To own a computer in families, which we thought was impossible twenty years ago, now becomes true.实战演练：一、填空1. He is the only one of the students who _(have) passed the exam.2. He is not the only one of the students wh
19、o _(have) passed the exam.3. I, who _(be)very busy, canthemat helpthemoment.4. As _(be) known to everybody, Taiwan is part of China. We must unify it.5. The idea, which I think _(be) reasonable, was brought up by Professor Li yesterday.6. I still remember the teachers and the school that _(be) talke
20、d of yesterday evening.7. All we need _(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.8. The famous musician, as well as his students, _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.9. Generally, stud
21、ents inner motivation with high expectations from others _(be) essential to their development.10. All the scientific evidence _(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ (be)damaging our health.11. The basketball coach, as well as his team, _(be) interviewed shortly after the match for the
22、ir outstanding performance.12. One-third of the country _(be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _(be) black people.13. It is reported that many a new house _(build) at present in the disaster area.14. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _ (suggest) that we may
23、 need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.15. Saving money _ (be) what you need to do before you walk out of the difficulty.二、改错题1. My friend Ann, together with me, are going to have a picnic.2. Our group is all going to visit the chimps in the forest.3. Three years in a
24、 strange country seem like a long time.;.4. The number of people dying of cancer have been increasing.5. The old is taken good care of in this country.6. The professor and writer are going to make a speech at the conference.7. Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively.8. More than on
25、e worker have been fired.9. Both he and his wife enjoys tennis.10. The father as well as his three children go skating every Sunday afternoon.11. There are a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.12. Going to the west maybe bring more benefits.13. For example, 80% of emails on the Internet is i
26、n English.14. What may surprise you are that I m going to the US in July forcamp!summer15. Neither its cause nor its cure were understood.16. A pair of sunglasses were sent to me as a present by Tom.17. The Smiths goes to the zoo every Saturday.18. We are going to visit the Great Wall which are one of the most popular tourist spots in Beijng.19. On the boards were written,“ Welcome”20. Not only Jane and Mary but also the teacher are tired of examinations.;.