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1、 讲师：钟平 痴学社2019年全家桶 暴力阅读考研大招课 抖音账号抖音账号：有道钟平：有道钟平 快乐轻松学英语！快乐轻松学英语！ 好嗨哟，感觉人生已经到达了巅峰 认准头像和昵称，学习英语不迷路！ 关注微信公众号：关注微信公众号： 有道逻辑英语有道逻辑英语 回复“回复“福利福利”即可获得”即可获得2G2G英语学习资料包英语学习资料包 回复“回复“关联词关联词”即可获得钟叔整理的关联词”即可获得钟叔整理的关联词 回复“回复“时态时态”即可收取时态模型资料”即可收取时态模型资料 （资料包不断更新）（资料包不断更新） 暴力阅读考研大招课 In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberl
2、ain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA)listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willin
3、g to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames. The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, todays people-especially those born to fami
4、lies who have lived in the U. S. for many generations- apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they arent likely to getanytaller.“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthis genetic, environmental level, weve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chum-lea o
5、f Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world. Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients-notably, protein-to feed expandin
6、g tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But asdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to th
7、e Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height-5 9 for men, 54 for women-hasnt really changed since 1960. Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even tho
8、ugh humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism, says anthropolog
9、ist William Leonard of Northwestern University. Genetic maximums can change, but dont expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says tha
10、t, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, you could use todays data and feel fairly confident. 31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited a
11、s an example to _ . Aillustrate the change of height of NBAplayers. Bshow the popularity of NBAplayers in the U. S. Ccompare different generations of NBA players. Dassess the achievements of famous NBAplayers. 32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text? AGenetic
12、 modification. BNatural environment. CLiving standards. DDaily exercise. 33.on which of the following statements would the author most probably agree? ANon-Americans add to the average height of the nation. BHuman height is conditioned by the upright posture. CAmericans are the tallest on average in
13、 the world. DLarger babies tend to become taller in adulthood. 34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future _ . Athe garment industry will reconsider the uniform. size. Bthe design of military uniforms will remain unchanged. Cgenetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen. Dt
14、he existing data of human height will still be applicable. 35.The text intends to tell us that _ . Athe change of human height follows a cyclic pattern. Bhuman height is becoming even more predictable. CAmericans have reached their genetic growth limit. Dthe genetic pattern ofAmericans has altered.
15、While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at
16、New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out
17、 female rats had their ovaries （the female reproductive organs） removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males. Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that
18、they have so much more to cope with, ”says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,” she observes, “Its just that theyre dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.” Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between th
19、e sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be
20、in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.” Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I
21、struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car pay
22、ment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding
23、ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function. 21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs？ AWomen are biologically more vulnerable to stress. BWomen are still suffering much stress caused by men. CWomen are more experienced than men
24、in coping with stress. DMen and women show different inclinations when faced with stress. 22.Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women ANeed extra doses of chemicals to handle stress. BHave limited capacity for tolerating stress. CAre more capable of avoiding stress. DAre exposed to more stress. 23.A
25、ccording to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be Adomestic and temporary. Birregular and violent. Cdurable and frequent. Dtrivial and random. 24.The sentence I lived from paycheck to paycheck.（Line 6, Para. 5 ） shows that AAlvarez cared about nothing but making money. BAlvarezs salary
26、barely covered her household expenses. CAlvarez got paychecks from different jobs. DAlvarez paid practically everything by check. 25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text? AStrain of Stress: No Way Out? BResponses to Stress: Gender Difference CStress Analysis: What Chemicals Sa
27、y DGender Inequality: Women Under Stress 2019考研英语二考研英语二 Text 1 Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children arent born knowing how to say “Im sorry”; rather, they learn o
28、ver time that such statements appease parents and friendsand their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortableits the emotional
29、equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part o
30、f a larger recognition that emotions arent binaryfeelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive. Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutour
31、 goodness,can encouragehumanstomake up for errors andfix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests t
32、hat guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein i
33、n their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the childrens self-observations, she rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emo
34、tions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadnt m
35、agically become more sympathetic to the other childs deprivation. “Thats good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.” 21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help_. A）regulate a childs basic emotions B）improve a childs intellectu
36、al ability C）foster a childs moral development D）intensity a childs positive feelings 22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be_. A）deceptive B）burdensome C）addictive D) deception 23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that_. A）emotions are c
37、ontext-independent B）emotions are socially constructive C）emotional stability can benefit health D）an emotion can play opposing roles 24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _. A. may help correct emotional deficiencies B. can result from either sympathy or guilt C. can bring ab
38、out emotional satisfaction D.may be the outcome of impulsive acts 25. The word “transgressions” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to _. A. teachings B. discussions C. restrictions D. wrongdoings Text 2 Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate cha
39、nge. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb. Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but
40、 it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details. The states proposed Forest Car
41、bon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the ai
42、r. Healthy trees are also better abletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed. The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010,drought andinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesin California, most of them in
43、 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres. California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the states emissions- permit auctions. Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about hal
44、f a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought. The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossi
45、l fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way. State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in
46、 storing carbon. Californias plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model. 26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _. A. global climate change may get out of control B. people may misunderstand global warming C. extreme weat
47、her conditions may arise D. forests may become a potential threat 27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _. A. preserve the diversity of species in them B. accelerate the growth of young trees C. strike a balance among different plants D. lower their present carbon-absorb
48、ing capacity 28. Californias Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _. A. cultivate more drought-resistant trees B. reduce the density of some of its forests C. find more effective ways to kill insects D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires 29. What is essential to Californias plan according to Par
49、agraph 5? A. To handle the areas in serious danger first. B. To carry it out before the year of 2020. C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions. D. To obtain enough financial support. 30. The authors attitude to Californias plan can best be described as _. A. ambiguous B. tolerant C. supportive D. cautious 抖音账号抖音账号：有道钟平：有道钟平 快乐轻松学英语！快乐轻松学英语！ 好嗨哟，感觉人生已经到达了巅峰 认准头像和昵称，学习英语不迷路！ 关注微信公众号：关注微信公众号： 有道逻辑英语有道逻辑英语 回复“回复“福利福利”即可获得”即可获得2G2G英语学习资料包英语学习资料包 回复“回复“关