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1、过去完成时用法讲解一、 概念： 表示过去的过去，其构成是助动词had+过去分词构成” 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。二、 用法：1. 表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。例如:He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。)2. 与一般过去时搭配，表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。例如：The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。)The minute I saw a lady getting o
2、ff the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她，因为我以前看见过她。)解说： 使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的：He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed.”。 请再观察下面的句子试比较：It had rained yesterday. (误)It
3、 rained yesterday.(正)或许你会说：“昨天下了雨，可是今天已放晴了，下雨已是过去的事，而且已经下完了，所以就用过去完成时。”这就是最令同学们对一般过去时和过去完成时感到混淆和困惑的。实际上只要我们了解下面的两点原则就可以消除这种现象。1. 由过去的时间作状语来修饰动词的句子都使用一般过去时。2. 除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以外，应该避免在简单句中使用过去完成时。三、过去完成时常用的连词有： before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as等。例如：He said that he had le
4、arned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 四、在什么情况下使用过去完成时？1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。例如：She said (that) she had never been to Pari
5、s.2. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.3. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.典型例题：The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ i
6、n the office.A. had written, left B. were writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left答案D。 “把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when代表时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于”这一背景下， when所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。虚拟语气练习题精选一、单项选择1. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A.
7、must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 2. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for 3. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 4. The young
8、 man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 5. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _ . A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; / 6. The suggestion has been made _ the basketb
9、all game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 7. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 8. It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall pro
10、tect D. are protecting 9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 10. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 11. _ today, he would get there by Friday.
11、 A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 12. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 13. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 14. He treated me as thoug
12、h/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were 15. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 16. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 17. - “H
13、ave you ever been to Beijing?” - “No, but I wish I _” A. have B. will C. do D. had 18. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed 19. - “What will you do during the summer holiday?” - “I dont know, but its high time _ somethin
14、g.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. I decide 20. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 21. If only I _ my watch! A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt lost D. dont lose 22. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. ma
15、y not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have made D. might not have made 23. We _ the work on time without your help. A. hadnt had finished B. didnt have finished C. couldnt have finished D. cant have finished 24. - “Where have you been?” - “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner.” A. I would
16、be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I would have been here 25. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be 26. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go 27. It seems as if it _ r
17、ain. A. will to B. is going to C. is to D. were going to 28. Id rather you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave 29. He is working hard for fear that he _. A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail 30. It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has marrie
18、d C. be married D. would marry 31. Supposing I _ this gift, what would he say? A. accept B. accepted C. should accept D. would accept 32. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 33. I was busy ye
19、sterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 34. He insisted that he _ me before. A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw 35. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 36. We
20、 _ our lives had it not been for the policeman. A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost 37. - I thought you would come back tomorrow. - I would if I _ to attend a meeting. A. dont have B. didnt have C. will not have D. would not have 38. He wishes _ mistakes. A. he doesnt
21、always make B. he isnt always making C. he didnt always make D. he wouldnt always making 39. It _ very nice if only it were possible. A. will be B. would be C. is D. were 40. Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. wont win B. will lose C. wouldnt have won D. cant win 41. I wish I _ what to
22、 do. A. knew B. have known C. know D. would know 42. _, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 43. If I had hurried, I _ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught 44. He insisted that John _ it. A. do B. doe
23、s C. did D. would do 45. It is high time we _ off. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 46. He felt as if he _ more time to study for the test. A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need 47. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 48. James wishe
24、s he _ the football game instead of the film. A. saw B. see C. had been seen D. had seen 49. I wish _. A. he left B. he leaves me alone C. he be left D. he would leave me alone 50. If I had known that, I _ so. A. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done C. wont do D. have not done 51. The doctor suggested th
25、at she _. A. will not smoke B. not smoke C. would not smoke D. did not smoke 52. If I _ you, I wouldnt return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. were 53. You talk as if you _ there. A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be 54. He suggested that the work _ at once. A. woul
26、d started B.would be started C.should started D. should be started 55. It is strange that such a thing _ in your school. A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened 56. It is imperative that you _ on time. A. are B. will be C. be D. would be 57. I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _
27、there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went 58. It is time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum 59. If the doctor had been available, the child _. A. would not die B. would not have died C. could not die D. could not have died 60. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he _. A. never
28、had felt tired B. had never felt tired C. never felt tired D. was tired never 二、用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空 1.If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. 2.Its time that we (go) to the railway station. 3.If they (not help) us ,our experiment would have failed. 4.Youre five minutes late.I
29、suggested that you (come )earlier tomorrow. 5.Mather often tells us that it is necessary that we (drink) a glass of water after we get up. 6.She insisted that she (send) to work in the faraway small town. 7. I not (forget) his telephone number, I would have rung him. 8. He is busy now. If he (be) fr
30、ee, he (go) with you. 9. The manager was in his office then. If he (be) here, everything (settle) in a minute. 10.Noisy as it was, he went on reading as if nothing (happen). 一、1-5. CAABB 6-10. BCBCB 11-15. CABDB 1620. CDCCA 21-25. ADCDC 26.B 27. B 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. D 36.
31、A 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. A 42. C 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. D 50. B 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. C 58. B 59. B 60.B 二、1.had arrived 2.went (should go) 3.had not helped 4.(should) come 5.(should) drink 6.(should) be sent 7.Had; forgotten 8.were;would go 9.had been;would h
32、ave been settled 10.were happening 过去完成时专项练习1. 单项选择1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time
33、I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said sh
34、e _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the u
35、niversityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _
36、Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had compl
37、eted14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D.
38、 left 17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten minutes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D.
39、 have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man _ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23
40、. Dad _ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatched C. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched2.用动词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leav
41、e).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Paul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at the station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of l