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1、2020年考研英语二真题试卷Section I Use of English Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is
2、undoubtedly very _1_, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, _2_, a younger sibling. _3_, theres another sort of parent thats a bit easier to _4_: a patient parent. Child
3、ren of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, _5_ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy _6_. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a _7_ and composed style with their kids. I understand this. Youre only human, and sometimes your kids can
4、 _8_ you just a little too far. And then the _9_ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too _10_ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could _11_ the clock and start over. Weve all been there. _12_, even though its common, its important t
5、o keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may _13_ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also _14_ your childs self-esteem. If you consistently lose your _15_ with your kids, then you are inadverten
6、tly modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the _16_ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional contro
7、l when _17_ by stress is one of the most important of all lifes skills. Certainly, its incredibly _18_ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with _19_ situations involvi
8、ng your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and _20_ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally. 1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky 2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident 3. A
9、fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually 4. A amuse B assist C describe D train 5. A while B because C unless D once 6. A answer B task C choice D access 7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical 8. A move B drag C push D send 9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable 10. A
10、boring B naive C harsh D vague 11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up 12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise 13. A like B miss C believe D regret 14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect 15. A time B bond C race D cool 16. A nature B secret C importance D context 17. A cheated B
11、defeated C confused D confronted 18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong 19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising 20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escapeSection Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or
12、D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of Califor
13、nia, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats. They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial一for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with whe
14、els-to move around and colorful markings. During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next, the researchers
15、 trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever. Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine soc
16、ial being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn. The readiness of the r
17、ats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We d assumed we d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but
18、that wasnt necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research. The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they di
19、splay only simple social signals.“ We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles. 21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can_ A pickup social signals from non-living rats B distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one C attain soc
20、iable traits through special training D send out warning messages to their fellow 22. What did the social robot do during the experiment? A It followed the social robot. B It played with some toys. C It set the trapped rats free. D It moved around alone. 23. According to Quinn, the rats released the
21、 social robot because they_ A tried to practice a means of escape B expected it to do the same in return C wanted to display their intelligence D considered that an interesting game 24. James Wiles notes that rats_ A can remember other rats facial features B differentiate smells better than sizes C
22、respond more to cations than to looks D can be scared by a plastic box on wheels 25. It can be learned from the text that rats_ A appear to be adaptable to new surroundings B are more socially active than other animals C behave differently from children in socializing D are more sensitive to social
23、cues than expectedText 2 It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporati
24、on now makes about S18.9 million a year. The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of Americas highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the gl
25、obal economy. Its not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy. Todays CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company CEOs mu
26、st have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized t
27、han ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done. The common idea
28、 that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesnt explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That sugg
29、ests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.” Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the c
30、ompany. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO. 26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise? A The growth in the number of corporations B The general pay rise wi
31、th a better economy C Increased business opportunities for top firms D Close cooperation among leading economies 27. Compared with their predecessors, todays CEOs are required to_ A foster a stronger sense of teamwork B finance more research and development C establish closer ties with tech companie
32、s D operate more globalized companies 28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite_ A continual internal opposition B strict corporate governance C conservative business strategies D Repeated government warnings 29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps_ A confirm the status
33、 of CEOs B motivate inside candidates C boost the efficiency of CEOs D increase corporate value 30. The most suitable title for this text would be_ A CEOs Are Not Overpaid B CEO Pay: Past and Present C CEOs challenges of Today D CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3 Madrid was hailed as a public heal
34、th beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise. Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made oppositi
35、on to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city s decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zones future looks uncertain at best. Among other weaknesses, the meas
36、ures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose
37、cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution. Its not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next years mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as
38、 he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected. Its not that measures such as Londons Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents health in the face of a s
39、erious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths. But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem
40、that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments一Britain s and others across Europe - have failed to do so. Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centres, 。school streets, even individual roads - are a response to the absen
41、ce of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars. 31. Which of the following
42、 is true about Madrids clean air zone? A Its effects are questionable B It has been opposed by a judge C It needs tougher enforcement D Its fate is yet to be decided 32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air? A They are biased against car manufacturers. B They
43、 prove impractical for city councils. C They are deemed too mild for politicians. D They put too much burden on individual motorists. 33. The author believes that the extension of Londons Ulez will . A arouse strong resistance. B ensure Khans electoral success. C improve the city s traffic. D discou
44、rage car manufacturing. 34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem? A Local residents B Mayors. C Councilors. D National governments. 35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies. A will raise low-emission car production B should be forced to follow regulat
45、ions C will upgrade the design of their vehicles D should be put under public supervisionText4 Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this springthe most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was bom after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market thats tighter than its been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring