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1、现在完成时的用法一、谓语部分结构：助动词have (has) +过去分词过去分词的构成分规则的和不规则的，规则的与过去式的构成方法一样，不规则的只有单独记了。不规则的过去分词也有规律可循,只能自己记，无人能帮你。1 陈述句结构：主语have( has)（not）+过去分词其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.2 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )主语过去分词其它？3 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have(has) +主语+ 过去分词其它？eg. He has already finished his homework. He hasnt finished his ho
2、mework yet. Has he finished his homework yet? -Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt./ No, not yet.二、常搭配的副词:already, yet, just, ever, never这几个词的位置除了yet常在句首或者句尾外，其余的通常都在句中，即have/has的后面，行为动词的前面。但already也可在肯定句尾，表示强调，在疑问句末尾表示惊讶等。eg. Has he finished his homework already? 对他完成了作业感到惊讶。另，before 也可以与现在完成时连用，ago只能与过去时连用
3、。eg. Ive ever been there before. It was ten years ago.三、常用用法1、 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。Eg.The doctor has left .(他现在不在这儿，找不到他了。)The students have cleaned the classroom.(现在教室是干净的)I have just read the book.( 现在我知道这本书的内容了)比较：I read the book last month.(只是说明read这个动作是在上个月发生的而已，没有谈及对现在有什么影响)总结 ：现在完成时与一
4、般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，强调的是现在的情况或者状态，与过去没有关系，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时只表示这动作是在过去某个时间发生的，或者说是过去某个时间发生了某个动作而已，和现在没有关系。它就可以和表示过去的时间状语连用，比如：yesterday, just now , last year , in 2000, some minutes ago, the day before yesterday etc.I have seen the film already. (现在我已经了解这部电影的内容了，至于什么时候看的没有关系，反正我已
5、看过了。)I saw the film last year .( 只是表示我是去年看的这部电影。)2、表示某个动作或者某个状态从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在(包括现在在内)。这种可以和表示延续的时间状语连用 ，如 since 或者 for. 注意 since+时间点或者从句，而for +一段时间。Since last year, since 1997, since 8 oclock am ,since five days ago . for ten years , for an hour .对这类时间状语提问要用how long 。(但how long开始的问句动词要用延续性动词，时态可不限
6、。如How long did he stay there? How long will he stay there? )We have been friends for many years. You have been students since two years ago / since 2004./ for two years.How long have I taught you English ?I have taught you English since you came to the school.Mr Black has lived in China since 2000.(
7、从2000年至今还在中国)比较：Mr Black lived in China in 2000.(反正2000年在中国，到底2000年后呢？不得而知)*在这种用法中，要与一段时间连用，动词必须是延续性的，非延续性的动词只能在否定句中出现，或者变成延续性的动词后也可以。eg. We havent seen each other for some days. See 为瞬间性的动词，但在否定句中也可以和some days 一段时间连用。3、 瞬间性动词和延续性动词的转换。最常见的瞬间动词如：borrow/lend, buy, die , go/come/leave/arrive/reach, jo
8、in,begin/start, lose ,fall.get up等。大家值得注意的是，这类动词不是不可以和现在完成时连用，它们可以用于第一种用法，强调对现在的影响或者结果，但它们不能用于第二种用法与一段时间连用。如：The man has died. The film has begun.那么对于上述瞬间性动词，我们可以把它们改成相对应的延续性动词或者表状态的词就可以和一段时间连用了。Borrow/lendkeep, buyhave, diebe dead, go/leavebe away ,come/reach/arrive/get to be here/there begin/start
9、 be on /last ,get up be up ,catch(get )a cold have a cold, finish be over ,becomebeeg.a. He has borrowed my English book for two days. (False)b. He has kept my English book for two days. (true )a. I have bought the new dress since last month. (false)b. I have had the new dress since last month. (tru
10、e)a. They have left for half an hour . You should come earlier. (false)b. They have been away for half an hour. You should come earlier.(true)a. How long has the film begin? (false)b. How long has the film been on? (true)a. He is an unlucky boy. His mother has died for several years. (false)b. He is
11、 an unlucky boy. His mother has been dead for several years. (true)4、 a. He has joined the League since he came to the school. (false)b. He has been a league member since he came to the school. (true)除了这种方法外，还可以用强调句型Its +一段时间+that 从句改写，这个适合所有的瞬间性动词。例如：Its several years that his mother died.不过，这点目前不作
12、要求。4. have/has been to 和have/ has gone to 的区别Ask: Have you ever been to the teachers office?Then ask a student to go out to the teachers office.T:Where has Tom gone?Ss:-He has gone to the teachers officee .T:Yeah,maybe he is on the way to the teachers office. maybe he is in the office now. In a word
13、, he isnt here. Have you been to the teachers office ?All of you have been to the teachers office, but now you are here, in the classroom.Tom is not here. He has gone there.(ask Tom to enter )T: Tom, where have you been ? I couldnt find you just now . Tom: I went to the teachers office. You told me
14、to do that.T: (laugh)Sorry.I am forgetful.Thats all for the difference between them. Understand? If not, who would like to go to the toilet? If you do, please fill in the blanks with the correct forms.Mike likes_(travel)all year round.He _(gobe) to many places of interests. But these days he has to
15、stay at home and look after his 6-week-old baby. Because his wife also loves travelling .She _(gobe) to Australlia with her friends .She _(leave) home for some days and she _(not return ) until next week. Oh, what a poor man!现在完成时专项练习 1. Where is Mr. Liu? - He _the library. A. has been to B. has gon
16、e to C. has been in 2. The students have cleaned the classroom , _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they 3. I like Hainan. I _there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone 4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years. A. have been to B. have been in
17、C. have been D. have gone 5.- How long _you_ your dictionary? - About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought 6. He tells me he_ China for over five years. A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to
18、China? A. How soon , comes B. How often, got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑问句）? 10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问) _ have the
19、y been here? 11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die) 12. This factory opened twenty years ago.(改写句子，句意不变) This factory _ for twenty years. 13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）Miss Gao_ an hour . 14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上） _ two years_ the Green family moved to France. 15. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上） _.练习参考答案： 1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.has he? 10.How long 11.died, has been dead 12.has been open 13.has been away 14.It is, since 15.The bus has been here for ten minutes.