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1、英语句子成分精讲在一个句子中，不同的单词、短语等起着不同的作用。在句中起不同作用的单词、短语等叫做句子成分。Tom visited an old friend yesterday. 主 谓 定 宾 状 发出者 动作 修饰 承受者 时间（位置） Tom is an English teacher. 主 系（连系） 表 说明主语subject sbdikt：句子所述说的主体，是动作的发出者；一般位于句首；通常为名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句担任。 He likes watching TV. To say is one thing; to do is another. 例：_ you d
2、ont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 谓语predict pridikt：说明主语的动作或状态；一般在主语之后；谓语由动词来承担，有时态和语态的变化。 He comes here every second day. She agreed with him about the holiday plan. 宾语object bdikt：是动作的承受者或介词的联系对象；常位于及物动词或介词后面；通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、或从句担任。 They enjoyed the journe
3、y very much. Peter couldnt help us. 表语predictive pridiktiv：说明主语的状态、性质、特征、身份、结果等，表达“是什么”或者“怎么样”；在系动词之后；可以是名词、代词、形容、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词或从句等。 She will be 19 years old next week. The boy is interesting. The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus. 定语attribute tribju:t：限定、修饰名词或代词（汉语中常用”的”表示）；可以由
4、形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任。She is a kind girl. Your overcoat needs washing. The shortest distance between two points is a straight line. The last one to arrive pays the meal. Do you know the woman living next door?状语adverbial dv:bil：是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分；说明时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、目的、让步、方面、方式、比较、程度和伴随
5、状况等，可以是副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、名词或从句。Light travels very quickly. He has lived in the city for ten years. He is in the room making a model plane. Wait a minute. Once you begin, you must continue. 补语complementkmplimnt：位于宾语或主语后，补充说明宾语或主语的特征、状态或身份。通常由形容词、名词、动词、动词不定式、分词、副词、介词短语等担任。Baraka Obama was elected presiden
6、t in America. He was caught stealing in the department store. We found him a very clever boy. Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window. I was absent-minded when I heard my name called. 同位语appositive pzitiv：表示其前面人或事物所指，并和它起相同的语法作用；可以是名词、代词或从句。
7、This is my friend Harry. We students should study hard. We are facing the problem whether we can get enough money.独立成分：与主句的其他成分没有语法上的联系；由感叹语、呼语、插入语等担任。一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。 Hey, where are going? Alice, you feed the bird today. Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 八种句子成分 （主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补、同位语）句之所言，主语
8、谓语。 句子所表达的，无非就是物质和物质的运动，它们在句中分别作主语和谓语。 宾语承受，或有或无。 Themoonrose. Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink. He closed the door. He runs a small Chinese restaurant. 主语表语，系词系之。 Mr. Brown is an engineer. The television was on. He looks worried.名代有定，限定修饰。 a small Chinese restaurant I have a lot of work to do. There is something wrong.方式时地，状语多用。 He usually goes to that Chinese restaurant with a friend for lunch on workday. 宾补主补，补充说明。 He found his new job boring. I saw her chatting with Nancy. We made him our monitor. 同位相同，哥哥汤姆。 His brother Tom is a doctor.