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1、-The true father of American national literature -Mirror of America MARK TWAIN Its me + + + = = = THE AGE OF REALISM How to define the Realistic Period in America n literary history? The period ranging from 1865 to l914 has been referred to as the Age of Realism in the literary history of the United
2、 States, which is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature, especially American fiction, from the 1850s onwards. Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romance and self- creating fictions, and it paved the way to Modern
3、ism. Instead of thinking about the irrational, the imaginative, realists touched upon social and political realities and pressures in the post- Civil War society. Three dominant figures are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James. Pen name :Mark Twain Real name :Samuel Langhorne Clemens Bi
4、rthday : November 30, 1835 Date of death : April 21, 1910 status: an American author , humorist and orator Achievement: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn （ the latter often called “The Great American Novel”. ） Rank : “The true father of American national lit
5、erature.” ”The greatest American humorist of his age” BRIEF INTRODUCTION Family background Birthplace:Florida Family:aVirginianfamily Sibling:Twainwasthesixthofseven children,butonlythreeofhissiblings survivedchildhood Father:alocallawyer Mother:aVirginian Age: 11-his father died Age: 15-worked as a
6、 typesetter and contributor (of articles and humorous sketches for a newspaper his brother owned) Age: 18-worked as a printer in New York City (joined the printers union, and educated himself in public libraries in the evenings, finding wider information than at a conventional school) Life experienc
7、e Twain used different pen names before deciding on “Mark Twain”. He signed humorous and imaginative sketches as “Josh”. Additionally, he used “Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass” for a series of humorous letters. His pen name Mark Twain came from his years working on Mississippi riverboats. Twain is an arc
8、haic term for “two”. Mark Twain means that “The water is 12 feet deep and it is safe to pass”. Life experience(source of name) Mark Twain was once the pen name of one captain Isaiah Sellers, who used to write river news for News Orleans Picayune. One day young Samuel wrote a rude and crude satire wh
9、ich was leveled at Captain Isaiah Sellers. And in his satire he made rude game of his reminiscences. This satire was published in the New Orleans True Delta. And Isaiah Sellers was deeply wounded. He never published another paragraph and never used his pen name since then. He died in1869, and Samuel
10、 was very regretted. So he used the pen name “Mark Twain” to write. Life experience(source of name) 1861:Twain enlisted briefly in a Confederate local unit. 1863:worked at a Virginia city and firstly used his pen name 1864:moved to San Francisco ,worked as a journalist 1865:first success as a writer
11、 for his work “ The The The The Celebrated Celebrated Celebrated Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Jumping Frog of Calaveras Jumping Frog of Calaveras Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyCountyCountyCounty“ 1867-1869:a trip to the Mediterranean. During his tour of Europe and the Middle East, he wrote
12、 a popular collection of travel letters, which were later compiled as The Innocents Abroad (1869). 呱呱呱 ! ! ! Throughout 1868, Twain and Olivia Langdon corresponded. Though she rejected his first marriage proposal, two months later, they were engaged. She came from a wealthy but liberal family, and t
13、hrough her, he met abolitionistsabolitionists, socialists, principled atheists and activists for womens rights and social equality, including Harriet Beecher Stowe (his next-door neighbor in Hartford), Frederick Douglass, and the writer and utopian socialist William Dean Howells, who became a long-t
14、ime friend. They had three daughters . While they were living in Buffalo, their son Langdon died of diphtheria at age 19 months. The couples marriage lasted 34 years, until Olivias death in 1904. Life experience(marriage) Throughout 1868, Twain and Olivia Langdon corresponded. Though she rejected hi
15、s first marriage proposal, two months later, they were engaged. She came from a wealthy but liberal family, and through her, he met abolitionistsabolitionists, socialists, principled atheists and activists for womens rights and social equality, including Harriet Beecher Stowe (his next-door neighbor
16、 in Hartford), Frederick Douglass, and the writer and utopian socialist William Dean Howells, who became a long-time friend. They had three daughters . While they were living in Buffalo, their son Langdon died of diphtheria at age 19 months. The couples marriage lasted 34 years, until Olivias death
17、in 1904. Throughout 1868, Twain and Olivia Langdon corresponded. Though she rejected his first marriage proposal, two months later, they were engaged. She came from a wealthy but liberal family, and through her, he met abolitionistsabolitionists, socialists, principled atheists and activists for wom
18、ens rights and social equality, including Harriet Beecher Stowe (his next-door neighbor in Hartford), Frederick Douglass, and the writer and utopian socialist William Dean Howells, who became a long-time friend. They had three daughters . While they were living in Buffalo, their son Langdon died of
19、diphtheria at age 19 months. The couples marriage lasted 34 years, until Olivias death in 1904. LIFE LIFE EXPERIENCE(WORK)EXPERIENCE(WORK) In the 1870s and 1880s, Twain and his family summered at Quarry Farm in Elmira, the home of his wifes sister, Susan . During his 17 years in Hartford (18741891)
20、and over 20 summers at Quarry Farm, Twain wrote many of his classic novelsnovelsnovelsnovels, among them The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876), The Prince and the Pauper (1881), Life on the Mississippi (1883), Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court (1889)
21、. 1896: his daughter, Susy, died of meningitis. 1904:Olivias death in 1904 1909: Jeans (daughter)death. 1909: his close friend Henry Rogers died suddenly. Twain began his autobiography in the North American Review April 21, 1910: died of a heart attack in Redding, Connecticut LIFE EXPERIENCE(LATER L
22、IFE AND DEATH) Twains funeral was at the Old Brick Presbyterian Church in New York.66 He is buried in his wifes family plot at Woodlawn Cemetery in Elmira, New York. The Langdon family plot where he is buried is marked by a 12-foot (two fathoms, or mark twain) monument, placed there by his surviving
23、 daughter, Clara. LIFE EXPERIENCE(FUNERAL) *writing style and characteristics *Early age: active and humor *Mid-term: satire(sharper than JinXing and Bai Yansong) *Later period: pessimistic and desperate *His works almost touch upon every issue of his time such as politics , religion , slavery and t
24、he persecution of the Chinese and Jews. *writing style and characteristics *Twain began his career writing light, humorous verse, but evolved into a chronicler（年代史编者） of the vanities, hypocrisies and murderous acts of mankind. *rich humor, sturdy narrative and social criticism. *Twain was a master a
25、t rendering colloquial speech( 口语)and helped to create and popularize a distinctive American literature built on American themes and language. Many of Twains works have been suppressed at times for various reasons. Dont give up your imagination. When the imagination has no after, you can also exist,
26、 but although you living dead still.(不要放弃你的幻 想，当幻想没有了以后，你还可以生存，但你虽 生犹死） As long as ignorance and self-confidence, you can succeed by all means(只要具备了无知和自 信，你就必然成功) Some famous words of his Trilogy of Mississippi (密西西比河三部曲 ) Life on the Mississippi The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckle
27、berry Finn LIFE ON THE MISSISSIPPI This work is a memoir by Mark Twain detailing his days as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi River before and after the American Civil War This novel talked about a young boy called Tom Sawyer growing up along the Mississippi River. It describes children pursuit
28、of novelty and adventure life. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer This book is about how to set the slaves free and how to come true ones dreams The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn *Other works *Running for Governor竞选州长 *The 1,000,000 Bank-Note百万英镑 *The Gilded Age镀金时代 *The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calave
29、ras County ( his first story) 卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙 *The innocent abroad傻子出国记 *The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg *Roughing It *The Adventures of Tom Sawyer *The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 马克吐温 四大名著 Appreciationandanalysis Chapter XVI. We slept most all day， and started out at night， a little ways behind a
30、 monstrous long raft that was as long going by as a procession. She had four long sweeps at each end， so we judged she carried as many as thirty men， likely. She had five big wigwams aboard， wide apart， and an open camp fire in the middle， and a tall flag-pole at each end. There was a power of style
31、 about her. It amounted to something being a raftsman on such a craft as that. Appreciation and Appreciation and analysisanalysis IgottofeelingsomeanandsomiserableImostwishedIwasdead.I fidgetedupanddowntheraft， abusingmyselftomyself， andJim wasfidgetingupanddownpastme.Weneitherofuscouldkeep still.Ev
32、erytimehedancedaroundandsays， “DahsCairo！” it wentthroughmelikeashot， andIthoughtifitwasCairoI reckonedIwoulddieofmiserableness. Herewasthisnigger， whichIhadasgoodashelpedtorunaway， comingrightoutflat-footedandsayinghewouldstealhischildren childrenthatbelongedtoamanIdidntevenknow； aman thathadntever
33、donemenoharm. IwassorrytohearJimsaythat， itwassuchaloweringofhim. Myconsciencegottostirringmeuphotterthanever， untilatlastI saystoit， “LetuponmeitainttoolateyetIllpaddle ashoreatthefirstlightandtell.” he says： “Pooty soon Ill be a-shoutn for joy， en Ill say， its all on accounts o Huck； Is a free man
34、， en I couldnt ever ben free ef it hadn ben for Huck； Huck done it. Jim wont ever forgit you， Huck； yous de bes fren Jims ever had； en yous de only fren ole Jims got now.” *Appreciation and analysis Appreciationandanalysis “Heswhite.” “Ireckonwellgoandseeforourselves.” “Iwishyouwould，” saysI， “becau
35、seits papthatsthere， andmaybeyoudhelpmetowthe raftashorewherethelightis.Hessickandso ismamandMaryAnn.” “Well，” saysI， a-blubbering， “Ivetold everybodybefore， andtheyjustwentawayandleft us.” “Poordevil， theressomethinginthat.Weare rightdownsorryforyou， butwewell， hangit ， wedontwantthesmall-pox， yous
36、ee.Lookhere ， Illtellyouwhattodo. Appreciationandanalysis Chapter XXI. So now the frauds reckoned they was out of danger, and they begun to work the villages again. First they done a lecture on temperance; but they didnt make enough for them both to get drunk on. Then in another village they started
37、 a dancing-school; but they didnt know no more how to dance than a kangaroo does; Another time they tried to go at yellocution; but they didnt yellocute long till the audience got up and give them a solid good cussing, and made them skip out. How does Huck , a boy with rebellious spirit, come to be a real hero in readers mind ? Finally ,we have to pass this Thank you